The mines of Keramos are 19th and 20th century mines which were located in the northern part of

Chios Chios (; el, Χίος, Chíos , traditionally known as Scio in English) is the fifth largest Greek island, situated in the northern Aegean Sea. The island is separated from Turkey by the Chios Strait. Chios is notable for its exports of mastic ...

island,

Greece Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders with ...

and nowadays is out of use. The mines are best known for extracting stibnite

ore Ore is natural rock or sediment that contains one or more valuable minerals, typically containing metals, that can be mined, treated and sold at a profit.Encyclopædia Britannica. "Ore". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 7 April 2 ...

for

antimony Antimony is a chemical element with the symbol Sb (from la, stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient time ...

production. A number of remnants of these mines (shafts, galleries, surface workshops) are still present in the region. The location of Keramos was mined in some scale in the mid 19th century but is not clear if it was for metal ore or just a rock mine. Either way, the mines were systematically used in the 1890s when a French metallurgist engineer A. Pelloux assayed the metal ore identity and quality during his vacations. French and Greek companies utilise them for few years each, until 1954.

History

The mining activity started in 1897 after a French mining company named "''Societe Anonyme des Mines de Keramos''" acquired the rights 2 years earlier. The company was owned by Giovanni B. Serpieri 's heirs, the same family that owned Lavrion silver mines. The man that led that facility was the same man that recommended the stibnite mining, A. Pelloux, and served as general manager until 1908 when the production was judged not viable. After a 40-year hiatus, in 1949, the mining rights were reassigned by the Greek government to "Greek Mining Companies" ( grc-gre, Ελληνικαί Μεταλλευτικαί Επιχειρήσεις) owned by Bodossaki company. That project was part of "Marshall Plan" to revive Greek economy after second world war. but this act was also short lived since the mines were essentially abandoned in 1954. Ever since structural entities of the mines industrial site were slowly turned to ruins. Greek government gave partially some small extend permits for mining to "Chios Mines Ltd" ( grc-gre, Μεταλλεία Χίου Ε.Π.Ε.) between 1954 – 1970 but without any real investment involved the Greek government decided the exception of mining in all Chios with a 1987 law.

References

Underground mines in Greece Chios#Economy Antimony mines Mines in Greece {{Greece-hist-stub