Kepler-19c is an
extra-solar planet
An exoplanet or extrasolar planet is a planet outside the Solar System. The first possible evidence of an exoplanet was noted in 1917 but was not recognized as such. The first confirmation of detection occurred in 1992. A different planet, init ...
orbiting the star
Kepler-19 approximately 717
light year
A light-year, alternatively spelled light year, is a large unit of length used to express astronomical distances and is equivalent to about 9.46 trillion kilometers (), or 5.88 trillion miles ().One trillion here is taken to be 1012 ...
s from Earth.
Discovery
The planet was discovered as a result of examinations of data from the previously discovered exoplanet,
Kepler-19b
Kepler-19b is a planet orbiting around the star Kepler-19. The planet has an orbital period of 9.3 days, with an estimated radius of roughly 2.2 times that of the Earth, with a mass around 8.4 times that of the Earth. It is one of three planets o ...
. Timing variations in the
orbital period
The orbital period (also revolution period) is the amount of time a given astronomical object takes to complete one orbit around another object. In astronomy, it usually applies to planets or asteroids orbiting the Sun, moons orbiting planets ...
of the first planet necessitated gravitational forces to be acting upon the planet, resulting from an additional body in the vicinity, acting to cause a variation of transition of five minutes per orbit.
The lead author of the paper announcing the discovery was
Sarah Ballard.
See also
*
List of extrasolar planet firsts
References
{{reflist, refs=
[{{cite journal , title=The Kepler-19 System: A Transiting 2.2R ⊕ Planet and a Second Planet Detected Via Transit Timing Variations , last1=Ballard , first1=Sarah , last2=Fabrycky , first2=Daniel , last3=Fressin , first3=Francois , last4=Charbonneau , first4=David , last5=Desert , first5=Jean-Michel , last6=Torres , first6=Guillermo , last7=Marcy , first7=Geoffrey , last8=Burke , first8=Christopher J. , last9=Isaacson , first9=Howard , last10=Henze , first10=Christopher , last11=Steffen , first11=Jason H. , last12=Ciardi , first12=David R. , last13=Howell , first13=Steven B. , last14=Cochran , first14=William D. , last15=Endl , first15=Michael , last16=Bryson , first16=Stephen T. , last17=Rowe , first17=Jason F. , last18=Holman , first18=Matthew J. , last19=Lissauer , first19=Jack J. , last20=Jenkins , first20=Jon M. , last21=Still , first21=Martin , last22=Ford , first22=Eric B. , last23=Christiansen , first23=Jessie L. , last24=Middour , first24=Christopher K. , last25=Haas , first25=Michael R. , last26=Li , first26=Jie , last27=Hall , first27=Jennifer R. , last28=McCauliff , first28=Sean , last29=Batalha , first29=Natalie M. , last30=Koch , first30=David G. , display-authors=1 , journal=The Astrophysical Journal , volume=743 , issue=2 , at=200 , year=2011 , arxiv=1109.1561 , bibcode=2011ApJ...743..200B , doi=10.1088/0004-637X/743/2/200 ]
[{{cite DR2}]
Gaia Data Release 2 catalog entry
/ref>
[{{cite journal , title=The Kepler-19 System: A Thick-envelope Super-Earth with Two Neptune-mass Companions Characterized Using Radial Velocities and Transit Timing Variations , last1=Malavolta , first1=Luca , last2=Borsato , first2=Luca , last3=Granata , first3=Valentina , last4=Piotto , first4=Giampaolo , last5=Lopez , first5=Eric , last6=Vanderburg , first6=Andrew , last7=Figueira , first7=Pedro , last8=Mortier , first8=Annelies , last9=Nascimbeni , first9=Valerio , last10=Affer , first10=Laura , last11=Bonomo , first11=Aldo S. , last12=Bouchy , first12=Francois , last13=Buchhave , first13=Lars A. , last14=Charbonneau , first14=David , last15=Cameron , first15=Andrew Collier , last16=Cosentino , first16=Rosario , last17=Dressing , first17=Courtney D. , last18=Dumusque , first18=Xavier , last19=Fiorenzano , first19=Aldo F. M. , last20=Harutyunyan , first20=Avet , last21=Haywood , first21=Raphaëlle D. , last22=Johnson , first22=John Asher , last23=Latham , first23=David W. , last24=Lopez-Morales , first24=Mercedes , last25=Lovis , first25=Christophe , last26=Mayor , first26=Michel , last27=Micela , first27=Giusi , last28=Molinari , first28=Emilio , last29=Motalebi , first29=Fatemeh , last30=Pepe , first30=Francesco , display-authors=1 , journal=The Astronomical Journal , volume=153 , issue=5 , at=224 , year=2017 , arxiv=1703.06885 , bibcode=2017AJ....153..224M , doi=10.3847/1538-3881/aa6897 ]
External links
Ames research
12:21
Exoplanets discovered in 2011
19c