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Keoni Ana, full name John Kalaipaihala Young II (March 12, 1810 – July 18, 1857), was a politician in the
Kingdom of Hawaii The Hawaiian Kingdom, or Kingdom of Hawaiʻi ( Hawaiian: ''Ko Hawaiʻi Pae ʻĀina''), was a sovereign state located in the Hawaiian Islands. The country was formed in 1795, when the warrior chief Kamehameha the Great, of the independent island ...
, serving as
Kuhina Nui of the Hawaiian Islands Kuhina Nui was a powerful office in the Kingdom of Hawaii from 1819 to 1864. It was usually held by a relative of the king and was the rough equivalent of the 19th-century European office of Prime Minister or sometimes Regent. Origin of the offic ...
and
Minister of Interior An interior minister (sometimes called a minister of internal affairs or minister of home affairs) is a Cabinet (government), cabinet official position that is responsible for internal affairs, such as public security, civil registration and iden ...
.


Early life

Keoni Ana was born on March 12, 1810 in
Kawaihae, Hawaii Kawaihae is an unincorporated community on the west side of the island of Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaii, north of Kailua-Kona. Its harbor is one of only two on the island, together with that of Hilo. Description The town's harbor inclu ...
. He was the only son of
John Young John Young may refer to: Academics * John Young (professor of Greek) (died 1820), Scottish professor of Greek at the University of Glasgow * John C. Young (college president) (1803–1857), American educator, pastor, and president of Centre Col ...
, the English sailor who became a trusted adviser to King
Kamehameha I Kamehameha I (; Kalani Paiea Wohi o Kaleikini Kealiikui Kamehameha o Iolani i Kaiwikapu kaui Ka Liholiho Kūnuiākea;  – May 8 or 14, 1819), also known as Kamehameha the Great, was the conqueror and first ruler of the Kingdom of Hawaii. T ...
, by his second wife Kaʻōanaʻeha, the niece of Kamehameha I. He was the elder brother of
Jane Lahilahi Jane Lahilahi Young Kaeo (May 1813 – January 12, 1862) was a Hawaiian high chiefess and a daughter of John Young Olohana, the royal advisor of Kamehameha I. Early life She was born in May 1813, in Kawaihae, in the Kohala District, on the Isla ...
, younger brother of
Fanny Kekelaokalani Fanny Kekuʻiapoiwa Kailikulani Leleoili Kulua Kekelaokalani Young Naʻea (July 21, 1806 – September 4, 1880), was a Hawaiian high chiefess and a member of the royal family of the Hawaiian Kingdom, and mother of Queen Emma of Hawaii. Early ...
and
Grace Kamaikui Grace Kamaʻikuʻi Young Rooke (September 8, 1808 – July 26, 1866) was a Hawaiian high chiefess who was daughter of John Young, the chief military advisor during the formation of the Kingdom of Hawaii, and adoptive mother and aunt of a future ...
, and younger half-brother of
James Kānehoa James Young Kānehoa (August 7, 1797 – October 1, 1851) was a member of the court of King Kamehameha II and Kamehameha III during the Kingdom of Hawaii. Sometimes he is confused with his half-brother John Kalaipaihala Young II known as Keon ...
and Robert Young. He, his siblings, and Isaac Davis' children, grew up on their father's homestead granted to them by the king, overlooking the Kawaihae Bay. It is now part of the Puʻukoholā Heiau National Historic Site.


Politics

He grew up as the favorite companion of Prince Kauikeaouli, who took the throne as King
Kamehameha III Kamehameha III (born Kauikeaouli) (March 17, 1814 – December 15, 1854) was the third king of the Kingdom of Hawaii from 1825 to 1854. His full Hawaiian name is Keaweaweula Kīwalaō Kauikeaouli Kaleiopapa and then lengthened to Keaweaweula K ...
. The two friends' relationship was severely damaged when Keoni Ana was caught in the bedroom of Queen
Kalama Kalama Hakaleleponi Kapakuhaili (1817 – September 20, 1870) was a Queen consort of the Kingdom of Hawaii alongside her husband, Kauikeaouli, who reigned as King Kamehameha III. Her second name Hakaleleponi is Hazzelelponi in Hawaiian. Ear ...
, the King's wife, shortly after the birth of Prince
Keaweaweulaokalani Keaweaweʻulaokalani is a name shared by two short-lived princes and heirs to the throne of the Kingdom of Hawaii. Both were named after their father Kamehameha III. In Hawaiian, the name means "the red trail of heaven", signifying the roadway ...
in 1839. The sentence of death was only avoided through the intervention of Queen Dowager
Kalākua Kaheiheimālie Kalākua Kaheiheimālie, later known as Hoapili Wahine (–1842) was a member of Hawaiian royalty who was one of the Queen consorts at the founding of the Kingdom of Hawaii. She was mother of another Queen consort, and grandmother of two future k ...
. It seem after the incident, Kamehameha III forgave him. Keoni Ana held several government positions, including service in the House of Nobles 1841–1856, the Privy Council 1845–1857, as a Supreme Court justice, royal governor of Maui, and as chamberlain of Kamehameha III's household. He aided in communication between native Hawaiian and foreign elements in the community. On June 10, 1845 he was appointed Kuhina Nui by Kamehameha III because
Victoria Kamāmalu Victoria Kamāmalu Kaʻahumanu IV (November 1, 1838 – May 29, 1866) was ''Kuhina Nui'' of Hawaii and its crown princess. Named Wikolia Kamehamalu Keawenui Kaʻahumanu-a-Kekūanaōʻa and also named Kalehelani Kiheahealani, she was mainly refe ...
, the designated successor of her mother,
Kīnaʻu Princess Kalani Ahumanu i Kaliko o Iwi Kauhipua o Kīnau, also known as Elizabeth Kīnau ( – April 4, 1839) was Kuhina Nui of the Kingdom of Hawaii as Kaahumanu II, Queen regent and Dowager Queen. Life Her father was King Kamehameha I and he ...
, was still a minor. He succeeded
Kekāuluohi Miriam Auhea Kalani Kui Kawakiu o Kekāuluohi Kealiʻiuhiwaihanau o Kalani Makahonua Ahilapalapa Kai Wikapu o Kaleilei a Kalakua also known as Kaahumanu III (July 27, 1794 – June 7, 1845), was Kuhina Nui of the Kingdom of Hawaii, a queen cons ...
as Kuhina Nui. After Keoni Ana became Kuhina Nui the Legislative Assembly passed several acts that organized the executive ministries and departments of the government. This legislation provided that the Kuhina Nui served also as Minister of the Interior. More far-reaching was the creation of the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles, which would forever change the system of land tenure in Hawaii in what would be known as the Great Mahele. Keoni Ana served on a committee to assist the king and chiefs in defining their rights and interests in the lands within the kingdom. As a very close friend and ally of the Kauikeaouli, Keoni Ana recognized that the Kuhina Nui's authority challenged the king's prestige and power. Keoni Ana supported Kamehameha III and IV in their attempt to abolish the office. His position as Kuhina Nui was not renewed in 1855 by
Kamehameha IV Kamehameha IV (Alekanetero ʻIolani Kalanikualiholiho Maka o ʻIouli Kūnuiākea o Kūkāʻilimoku; anglicized as Alexander Liholiho) (February 9, 1834 – November 30, 1863), reigned as the fourth monarch of Hawaii under the title ''Ke Aliʻi ...
, who chose his sister as the new Kuhina Nui, but he remained
Minister of the Interior An interior minister (sometimes called a minister of internal affairs or minister of home affairs) is a cabinet official position that is responsible for internal affairs, such as public security, civil registration and identification, emergency ...
.


Marriages

He married three times, each time to Hawaiians of noble birth. He married Julia Alapai, elder daughter of Nahili. Keoni Ana seemed to love Alapai the most
a portrait of the chiefess
can still be seen at the
Hānaiakamalama Hānaiakamalama or Queen Emma Summer Palace, served as a retreat for Queen Emma of Hawaii from 1857 to 1885, as well as for her husband King Kamehameha IV, and their son, Prince Albert Edward. It is a now a historic landmark, museum, and touris ...
house, but they were childless. His later marriage, most likely after Alapai's passing, was to the
Elizabeth Kekaaniau Elizabeth or Elisabeth may refer to: People * Elizabeth (given name), a female given name (including people with that name) * Elizabeth (biblical figure), mother of John the Baptist Ships * HMS ''Elizabeth'', several ships * ''Elisabeth'' (sc ...
's first cousin, High Chiefess ʻUlumaheihei, daughter of Waipa and Kekaikuihala, daughter of Aliʻi Nuhi of Waimea, and Kaohelelani of Hana. All of his marriages were childless. He adopted his nephew
Peter Kaeo Peter Young Kaʻeo Kekuaokalani (March 4, 1836 – November 26, 1880) was a Hawaiian high chief (aliʻi) and politician of the Kingdom of Hawaii. His cousin was Emma, who contended for the throne after the death of Kamehameha. After being diagnose ...
, son of his sister Jane. He bought Hānaiakamalama in an auction and willed it to his niece Emma Rooke, who became Queen Emma and used at it as her summer palace. He died July 18, 1857 and was buried at the Royal Mausoleum at Mauna ʻAla. His only heirs were his niece Emma and nephew Peter.


See also

* John Young (Hawaii) family tree


References

{{Authority control Royalty of the Hawaiian Kingdom Hawaiian Kingdom politicians Hawaiian Kingdom judges House of Keliimaikai Members of the Hawaiian Kingdom House of Nobles Kuhina Nui Members of the Hawaiian Kingdom Privy Council Hawaiian Kingdom Interior Ministers 1810 births 1857 deaths Burials at the Royal Mausoleum (Mauna ʻAla) Hawaiian Kingdom chamberlains Chief justices of the Hawaiian Kingdom