Kehra (german: Kedder) is a village in

Anija Parish Anija Parish ( et, Anija vald) is a rural municipality in Harju County, Estonia, consisting of 33 settlements. The parish has a population of 6274 and covers an area of . The administrative centre of the municipality is Kehra. The municipalit ...

Harju County Harju County ( et, Harju maakond or ''Harjumaa''), is one of the fifteen counties of Estonia. It is situated in Northern Estonia, on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, and borders Lääne-Viru County to the east, Järva County to the so ...

Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, a ...

, just north of the town of

Kehra Kehra is a town in Anija Parish, Harju County, Estonia, most known for its pulp and paper mill. The town is situated on the banks of the Jägala river, and has a station on the Tallinn-Narva railway. As of January 1, 2021, the town had a popu ...

. The village is situated on the left bank of the

Jägala river Jägala may refer to: * Jägala, Estonia * Jägala River, a river which runs through Jägala **Jägala Waterfall Jägala may refer to: *Jägala, Estonia *Jägala River, a river which runs through Jägala ** Jägala Waterfall, a waterfall along the r ...

. As of August 1, 2020, the village had a population of 29. Matsi dendrarium is located in the village. The dendrarium is established in 1965 by O. Shmeidt. As of about 2010s, there are over 270 species (over 360 taxons) of trees and shrubs.

Etymology

Kehra village was first mentioned in the

Danish Census Book The Danish Census Book or the Danish book of land taxation ( la, Liber Census Daniæ), ( da, Kong Valdemars Jordebog) dates from the 13th century and consists of a number of separate manuscripts. The original manuscripts are now housed in the Da ...

as ''Ketheræ'' in 1241''.'' Before 1688, the village had also been referred to as ''Kecere, Kecnere, Kedere, Kederikull, Kedder, Keyher, Kether, Kädder(e)'' and ''Keddar''. The village was known as both ''Kehrakyla'' and ''Käihra'' in 1688, and as Kehra in 1732 The following Estonian words are speculated to be the origins of the name Kehra: * ''keder'' or ''kehr''(local dialect) ( en,

spinning wheel A spinning wheel is a device for spinning thread or yarn from fibres. It was fundamental to the cotton textile industry prior to the Industrial Revolution. It laid the foundations for later machinery such as the spinning jenny and spinning f ...

) * ''jõekäär,'' also compared to Käära farm in Kohatu, Estonia ( en,

meander A meander is one of a series of regular sinuous curves in the channel of a river or other watercourse. It is produced as a watercourse erodes the sediments of an outer, concave bank ( cut bank) and deposits sediments on an inner, convex ba ...

) * ''veekeeris'', compared to Kehro in

Finland Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of B ...

( en,

whirlpool A whirlpool is a body of rotating water produced by opposing currents or a current running into an obstacle. Small whirlpools form when a bath or a sink is draining. More powerful ones formed in seas or oceans may be called maelstroms ( ). ''Vo ...

)

History

Early History

In 1940, excavations on the ''Andevei'' property uncovered a treasure containing 421

silver coin Silver coins are considered the oldest mass-produced form of coinage. Silver has been used as a coinage metal since the times of the Greeks; their silver drachmas were popular trade coins. The ancient Persians used silver coins between 612–33 ...

s, most recent of which was minted in 978 AD. Out of the 421 coins, 411 were Samanid, 5

Byzantine The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...

, 3

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) ** Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...

, 1 Anglo-Saxon, and 1

Bohemian Bohemian or Bohemians may refer to: *Anything of or relating to Bohemia Beer * National Bohemian, a brand brewed by Pabst * Bohemian, a brand of beer brewed by Molson Coors Culture and arts * Bohemianism, an unconventional lifestyle, origin ...

. Remains of

iron Iron () is a chemical element with Symbol (chemistry), symbol Fe (from la, Wikt:ferrum, ferrum) and atomic number 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 element, group 8 of the periodic table. It is, Abundanc ...

tools and pieces of earthenware were also found nearby. Based on this, it is speculated that Kehra village was settled at latest by the 11th century. Kehra village was first mentioned in the

in 1241. According to the book, the village was a part of the '' Repel'' parish ( et, Rebala muinaskihelkond) and had a size of 10

oxgang An oxgang or bovate ( ang, oxangang; da, oxgang; gd, damh-imir; lat-med, bovāta) is an old land measurement formerly used in Scotland and England as early as the 16th century sometimes referred to as an oxgait. It averaged around 20 English a ...

s ( et, adramaa, german: hakken). Half of the village belonged to ''Lambertus'' and the other half to ''Stenhackær''. The village was baptized either in 1219 or 1220, likely at the same time as the villages of Saunja,

Soodla Soodla is a village in Anija Parish, Harju County, Estonia. (retrieved 27 July 2021) The village is situated on the banks of the Soodla river Soodla is river in Estonia in Harju and Lääne-Viru County. The river is 72.6 km long and basin ...

, Aavere,

Anija Anija (german: Hanniecken) is a village in Anija Parish, Harju County in northern Estonia. It has a population of 128 (as of 1 January 2010). Anija was first mentioned in 1241 as ''Hangægus'' village in the Danish Census Book. Anija Manor A m ...

, Kõlu, Pirsu,

Kihmla Kihmla is a village in Anija Parish, Harju County in northern Estonia. (retrieved 27 July 2021) It has a population of 36 (as of 1 January 2010). References

Villages in Harju County {{Harju-geo-stub ...

, and Parila. In 1249, Kehra and

Paasiku Paasiku (german: Pasik) is a village in Anija Parish, Harju County in northern Estonia. (retrieved 27 July 2021) It has a population of 44 (as of 1 January 2010). References

Villages in Harju County Kreis Harrien {{Harju-geo-stub ...

villages were given to the bishop of Tallinn, whose successors later founded the '' Fegefyr'' manor ( et, Kiviloo mõis). According to the Swedish land audit of 1564-1565, Kehra village was part of the Kiviloo manor and had a size of 13 oxgangs. Kehra mill(''Kedder quarn''), located 100 meters upstream from the current car bridge, in the north-eastern corner of the current

pulp and paper mill A paper mill is a factory devoted to making paper from vegetable fibres such as wood pulp, old rags, and other ingredients. Prior to the invention and adoption of the Fourdrinier machine and other types of paper machine that use an endless belt ...

, was also mentioned in the same audit. It was demolished in 1936.

School

The first school in the village was established in 1738 but it operated inconsistently. The first school that started operating consistently was opened in fall 1850, a few days before

St. Martin's Day Saint Martin's Day or Martinmas, sometimes historically called Old Halloween or Old Hallowmas Eve, is the feast day of Saint Martin of Tours and is celebrated in the liturgical year on 11 November. In the Middle Ages and early modern period, it ...

, according to a first-hand account. According to the official list of schools in the Estonian Governorate in 1886, the school was founded in 1848. The school was located on the land of the current Koolitoa property. A new building was built for the school on the same property in 1878, because the previous building was in a bad state. According to Gustav Vilbaste, the school's teacher between 1904-1913, the school had three grades and around 30-50 students. The school became a four grade school in 1918 due to a nation-wide school reform. On November 1, 1919, the school started operating in

Historical Demographics

The village's population has mostly stayed between 130 and 200 since the 13th century. In 1565 the village was 13

s in size. The village was practically uninhabited after the Polish-Swedish war in 1615, while the nearby villages of ''Jaunack'' and ''Karrock'' remained practically untouched. The village recovered from the demographic crisis by the second half of the 17th century. By 1660s,

Kehra manor Kehra is a town in Anija Parish, Harju County, Estonia, most known for its pulp and paper mill. The town is situated on the banks of the Jägala river, and has a station on the Tallinn-Narva railway. As of January 1, 2021, the town had a popu ...

owned all the nearby lands, including Kehra village. The manor's lands were ravaged by the bubonic plague in 1710 and 1711, only 14 out of the previous 146 inhabitants survived. The population recovered to pre-plague levels in approximately 40 years. By 1856, Kehra village had transformed from a clustered settlement to a

linear Linearity is the property of a mathematical relationship ('' function'') that can be graphically represented as a straight line. Linearity is closely related to '' proportionality''. Examples in physics include rectilinear motion, the linear ...

settlement.

References

External links

Anija Parish homepage
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kehra village Villages in Harju County Kreis Harrien