HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Katherine Linn Sage (June 25, 1898 – January 8, 1963), usually known as Kay Sage, was an American
Surrealist Surrealism is a cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I in which artists depicted unnerving, illogical scenes and developed techniques to allow the unconscious mind to express itself. Its aim was, according to l ...
artist and poet active between 1936 and 1963. A member of the Golden Age and Post-War periods of
Surrealism Surrealism is a cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I in which artists depicted unnerving, illogical scenes and developed techniques to allow the unconscious mind to express itself. Its aim was, according to l ...
, she is mostly recognized for her artistic works, which typically contain themes of an architectural nature.


Biography

Sage was born in
Albany, New York Albany ( ) is the capital of the U.S. state of New York, also the seat and largest city of Albany County. Albany is on the west bank of the Hudson River, about south of its confluence with the Mohawk River, and about north of New York City ...
, into a family made wealthy from the timber industry. Her father,
Henry M. Sage Henry Manning Sage (May 18, 1868 in Albany, New York – September 25, 1933 in Menands, Albany County, New York) was an American senator and politician from New York. He became Chairman of the State Hospital Development Commission. Early life ...
, was a state assemblyman the year after her birth and later was a five-term state senator. Her mother was Anne Wheeler (Ward) Sage. Sage had an elder sister, Anne Erskine Sage.


Early life

Anne Wheeler Ward Sage left her husband and older daughter soon after Kay's birth to live and travel in Europe with Kay as her companion. She and Henry Sage divorced in 1908, but Henry Sage continued to support his ex-wife and younger daughter, and Kay visited him and his new wife in Albany occasionally and wrote him frequent letters. Kay and her mother established a home in
Rapallo Rapallo ( , , ) is a municipality in the Metropolitan City of Genoa, located in the Liguria region of northern Italy. As of 2017 it had 29,778 inhabitants. It lies on the Ligurian Sea coast, on the Tigullio Gulf, between Portofino and Chiavar ...
, Italy, but visited many other places as well, including Paris. Katherine became fluent in French and Italian, speaking colloquial versions of these languages that she learned from the servants who helped to raise her. She attended a number of schools, including the
Foxcroft School Foxcroft School, founded in 1914 by Charlotte Haxall Noland, is a college-preparatory boarding and day school for girls in grades 9-12, located near Middleburg, Virginia, United States. In its century of existence, Foxcroft has educated the daug ...
in Virginia, where she became a lifelong friend of the heiress
Flora Payne Whitney Flora Payne Whitney, also known as Flora Whitney Miller (July 27, 1897 – July 18, 1986), was an American artist and socialite, art collector, and patron of the arts. Early life Flora Payne Whitney was born on July 27, 1897 and raised in Manhatt ...
. As a child she drew and wrote as hobbies, but her first formal training in painting was at the Corcoran Art School in Washington, D.C., in 1919–1920. After she and her mother went back to Italy in 1920, she studied art in Rome for several years, learning conventional techniques and styles. She particularly enjoyed painting outdoors in the Roman Campagna with teacher Oronato Carlandi and fellow students. Much later, Sage stated that "these were the happiest days of my life", and she told friend and gallery owner
Julien Levy Julien Levy (1906–1981) was an art dealer and owner of Julien Levy Gallery in New York City, important as a venue for Surrealists, avant-garde artists, and American photographers in the 1930s and 1940s. Biography Levy was born in New York. Aft ...
in 1961 that her campagna experience shaped her "perspective idea of distance and going away." Nonetheless, in later years Sage usually claimed that she was self-taught perhaps because, as one of her biographers, Judith Suther, states, most of what she had learned in Rome bore so little relationship to the kind of painting she eventually did that "she ''felt'' as if she had studied with no one." Sage met a young Italian nobleman, Ranieri Bourbon del Monte Santa Maria, Prince di San Faustino, in Rome around 1923 and fell in love with him, believing at first, as she wrote to a friend in 1924, that he was "''me'' in another form." They married on March 30, 1925. For ten years the couple lived the idle life of upper-class Italians, which Sage later described as "a stagnant swamp." She looked back on that time as years that she simply "threw away to the crows. No reason, no purpose, nothing." Her husband was content with their lifestyle, but Sage was not: as she wrote in her autobiography, ''China Eggs,'' "Some sort of inner sense in me was reserving my potentialities for something better and more constructive."


Surrealism and Tanguy

Perhaps spurred by the deaths of her father in 1933 and her sister, from tuberculosis, in 1934 (Anne had joined Kay and her mother in Italy in the 1920s, and the sisters became quite close during Anne's final illness), Sage left her husband in 1935 with plans to build an independent life as an artist; they obtained a papal annulment of their marriage several years later.Suther p. 99. In December 1936, as she prepared to leave Italy and move to Paris, Sage had her first solo art exhibit, six oil paintings shown at the Galleria del Milione in Milan. In ''A House of Her Own,'' her 1997 biography of Sage, Judith Suther describes these works as "experimental abstract compositions." Sage moved to Paris in March 1937 and rented a luxurious apartment there. In early 1938 she saw the International Surrealist Exhibit at Galerie Beaux-Arts; consisting of 299 pieces by 60 artists from 14 countries. She was especially struck by the paintings of Italian artist
Giorgio de Chirico Giuseppe Maria Alberto Giorgio de Chirico ( , ; 10 July 1888 – 20 November 1978) was an Italian artist and writer born in Greece. In the years before World War I, he founded the '' scuola metafisica'' art movement, which profoundly influ ...
, which featured what Magdalena Holzhey, in a book devoted to de Chirico, calls "empty squares and receding depths, shadowy arcades and soaring towers." Sage bought one of de Chirico's paintings, ''La Surprise,'' and kept it all her life. This exposure to
Surrealism Surrealism is a cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I in which artists depicted unnerving, illogical scenes and developed techniques to allow the unconscious mind to express itself. Its aim was, according to l ...
inspired Sage to begin painting in earnest. She exhibited six of her new oils in the Salon des Surindépendants show at the Porte de Versailles in the fall of 1938. These semiabstract paintings, including ''Afterwards'' and ''The World Is Blue,'' borrowed motifs and styles from de Chirico and the Surrealists but showed hints of Sage's own future work as well. Art historian Whitney Chadwick states that Sage's paintings were "imbued with an aura of purified form and a sense of motionlessness and impending doom found nowhere else in Surrealism." Around this time the artist began signing her works "Kay Sage." Several stories are told about Sage's meeting with her future husband, Surrealist artist
Yves Tanguy Raymond Georges Yves Tanguy (January 5, 1900 – January 15, 1955), known as just Yves Tanguy (, ), was a French surrealist painter. Biography Tanguy, the son of a retired navy captain, was born January 5, 1900, at the Ministry of Naval Affa ...
. One came from Greek poet Nicolas Calas, who recalled that he and Tanguy accompanied Surrealist leader
André Breton André Robert Breton (; 19 February 1896 – 28 September 1966) was a French writer and poet, the co-founder, leader, and principal theorist of surrealism. His writings include the first ''Surrealist Manifesto'' (''Manifeste du surréalisme'') o ...
to the Surindépendants exhibit and were impressed enough by Sage's paintings to seek her out. Calas claimed that Breton was sure that the paintings must have been made by a man. Tanguy at the time was married to Jeannette Ducroq, but they were separated, and he and Sage immediately fell in love. Sage, still well off, was generous with her money and the group of impoverished artists badly needed such support, but some resented her wealth and what they felt was a haughty attitude that fitted her former title of "Princess" all too well. Her alliance with Tanguy contributed to a rift between Tanguy and Breton, who had formerly been close friends. Nonetheless, Sage continued to call herself a Surrealist. Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, beginning World War II, and Sage sailed back to the United States a month later. She immediately set up plans to help the Surrealists immigrate as well and establish themselves in the new country by means of art exhibitions—starting with Tanguy, who joined her in New York City in November. She arranged for Tanguy to have a solo show at the New York gallery of
Pierre Matisse Pierre Matisse (June 13, 1900 – August 10, 1989) was a French-American art dealer active in New York City. He was the youngest child of French painter Henri Matisse. Background and early years Pierre Matisse was born in Bohain-en-Vermandois on ...
, son of the famous painter
Henri Matisse Henri Émile Benoît Matisse (; 31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954) was a French visual artist, known for both his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship. He was a draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor, but is known prima ...
, a month after he arrived. Sage had her own solo show, her first in the United States, at the same gallery in June 1940. Sage and Tanguy married on August 17, 1940, in
Reno, Nevada Reno ( ) is a city in the northwest section of the U.S. state of Nevada, along the Nevada-California border, about north from Lake Tahoe, known as "The Biggest Little City in the World". Known for its casino and tourism industry, Reno is the ...
, after he obtained a final divorce from duCroq.


Mature work

Sage did the bulk of her mature work between 1940, when she married Tanguy, and 1955, when he died suddenly from a cerebral hemorrhage. During most of that time the two artists lived at Town Farm in
Woodbury, Connecticut Woodbury is a town in Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 9,723 at the 2020 census. The town center, comprising the adjacent villages of Woodbury and North Woodbury, is designated by the U.S. Census Bureau as the Woo ...
. (They leased a house in the area beginning in 1941 but maintained a New York apartment for a while as well; in 1946 they purchased the farm and moved to Woodbury permanently.) They converted a barn on the farm into his-and-hers studios, separated by a partition with a door. Their large home was decorated with numerous pieces of Surrealist art and a variety of unusual objects, including a stuffed raven in a cage and an Eskimo mask. Although the Tanguys visited, and were visited by, many members of both the French expatriate and American art communities, such as mobile designer
Alexander Calder Alexander Calder (; July 22, 1898 – November 11, 1976) was an American sculptor known both for his innovative mobiles (kinetic sculptures powered by motors or air currents) that embrace chance in their aesthetic, his static "stabiles", and his ...
and his family, they had difficulty keeping close friends. "Again and again Sage is described y people who knew heras imperious, forbidding, moody, quick to anger, remote, private, solitary, aloof, contradictory, and unapproachable," Judith Suther writes. Tanguy, though friendlier, became notorious for his behavior when drunk, which included grabbing the heads of other men at a gathering and striking them hard and repeatedly with his own. During these years Sage's art gained a solid reputation among art critics, though she found it difficult to emerge from the shadow of the better-known Tanguy. Her work was regularly included in national exhibits, won prizes, and was sold to major art museums. In 1943, Sage's work was included in
Peggy Guggenheim Marguerite "Peggy" Guggenheim ( ; August 26, 1898 – December 23, 1979) was an American art collector, bohemian and socialite. Born to the wealthy New York City Guggenheim family, she was the daughter of Benjamin Guggenheim, who went down with t ...
's show '' Exhibition by 31 Women'' at the Art of This Century gallery in New York. She had several solo shows at the galleries of
Julien Levy Julien Levy (1906–1981) was an art dealer and owner of Julien Levy Gallery in New York City, important as a venue for Surrealists, avant-garde artists, and American photographers in the 1930s and 1940s. Biography Levy was born in New York. Aft ...
and, beginning in 1950, Catherine Viviano in New York. ''In the Third Sleep'' won the Watson F. Blair Purchase Prize from the Art Institute of Chicago in October 1945, Sage's first major public recognition. In 1951, ''All Soundings Are Referred to High Water'' won first prize in oils at the Eastern States Exposition of Connecticut Contemporary Art, and ''Nests of Lightning'' won first honorable mention in the 22nd Corcoran Biennial Exhibition of Contemporary American Painting. Sage and Tanguy had a large joint exhibition at the Wadsworth Atheneum in Hartford, Connecticut—their first and almost only exhibition together—in August and September 1954.


Last years and death

The relationship between Kay Sage and Yves Tanguy was as enigmatic as their art. At the same parties during which he banged his head against those of other men, Tanguy assaulted Sage verbally and sometimes physically, pushing her and sometimes even threatening her with a knife. Sage, according to friends' accounts, made no response to her husband's aggression except to try to persuade him to go home. Friends also said that Tanguy did not like Sage's painting and felt jealous of the fame that came to her. However contentious or abusive their relationship was, Sage was devastated by Tanguy's death. "Yves was my only friend who understood everything," she wrote to Jehan Mayoux, an old friend of Tanguy's, about a month after Tanguy's fatal stroke. Sage did fewer new paintings after Tanguy died, partly because of her depression and partly because of her decreasing eyesight due to
cataracts A cataract is a cloudy area in the lens of the eye that leads to a decrease in vision. Cataracts often develop slowly and can affect one or both eyes. Symptoms may include faded colors, blurry or double vision, halos around light, trouble w ...
. Instead, she devoted her time to two projects: preserving Tanguy's reputation through retrospective shows and a complete catalogue of his work, and writing poetry, mostly in the slangy French she had learned in her youth and spoken with Tanguy.Suther p. 177. With the help of longtime friend Marcel Duhamel—and her own subsidies to cover most of the printing costs—Sage arranged for a book of this poetry, ''Demain, Monsieur Silber,'' to be published in France in June 1957. Around 1955 she also wrote a partial autobiography, ''China Eggs,'' which covered her life up to about the time she left San Faustino, but she never tried to publish it. One of the chief paintings in a show of 13 of Sage's oils at the Viviano Gallery in November 1958 was called ''The Answer Is No.'' This seems to have reflected Sage's own state of mind. She filed her will in Waterbury in December 1958, and on April 28–29, 1959, a few weeks after she completed a massive catalogue of Tanguy's paintings, she attempted to end her life with an overdose of sleeping pills. A housekeeper found her, however, and she was revived. In 1959 and 1960 she underwent operations to remove her cataracts, which she had formerly refused to do. Unfortunately, the surgeries were painful and had only limited success, and by this time she was suffering from other health problems as well, including some that may have resulted from her years of heavy smoking and drinking. During 1960 and 1961, as a substitute for painting, she made small sculptures of wire, stones, bullets, and other unusual materials. Catherine Viviano hosted a show of these objects, titled "Your Move," in November 1961, as well as a major retrospective show of Sage's paintings in April 1960. Sage wrote in a journal in August 1961, "I have said all that I have to say. There is nothing left for me to do but scream." On January 8, 1963, she put a fatal bullet through her heart. Following instructions in her will, Pierre Matisse buried urns containing Sage's and Tanguy's ashes in the water off the coast of Tanguy's native
Brittany Brittany (; french: link=no, Bretagne ; br, Breizh, or ; Gallo language, Gallo: ''Bertaèyn'' ) is a peninsula, Historical region, historical country and cultural area in the west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known ...
in 1964.


Art and writing


Poetry and writing

Kay Sage is known chiefly as a visual artist. However, she also wrote five volumes of poetry, chiefly in French, including ''Faut dire c'qui est,'' in September 1959. She wrote four short plays and an unpublished autobiography, ''China Eggs.''


Features of Artistic Style

Kay Sage consistently identified herself as a Surrealist, and authors who have written about her usually do so as well. One of her biographers, Judith Suther, writes: :I call Kay Sage a Surrealist because her painting resonates with the unsettling paradoxes and hallucinatory qualities prized by André Breton and his group. . . . More fundamentally, I call Sage a Surrealist because her allegiance to the Surrealist identity lies at the heart of her self-image as an artist. Critics during Sage's lifetime frequently compared her work to that of Tanguy, who was better known, and usually assumed that, when their work had features in common, those features must have originated with him. More recent feminist scholars have stated that the influence more likely was mutual—what Judith Suther calls "a constant, usually unconscious interchange." Suther and others also point out differences between the two artists: for example, the large architectural constructions that dominate Sage's paintings are quite unlike the smaller biomorphic or metallic forms that people associate with Tanguy's landscapes. Both Suther and Régine Tessier, the latter in a sketch of Sage in ''Notable American Women: The Modern Period,''Tessier p. 619. note key features of Sage's mature work. Most of Sage's paintings focus on free-standing architectural structures, including walls, towers, and latticework, which could represent buildings either under construction or ruined and decaying. Her use of arched entryways and slanted perspectives may in be attributed to the painter
Giorgio de Chirico Giuseppe Maria Alberto Giorgio de Chirico ( , ; 10 July 1888 – 20 November 1978) was an Italian artist and writer born in Greece. In the years before World War I, he founded the '' scuola metafisica'' art movement, which profoundly influ ...
. Some contain figures that might or might not be human, hidden by flowing drapery. (''Le Passage,'' one of Sage's last paintings, is perhaps the only one containing a definite human figure; even ''Small Portrait,'' thought by many to be a self-portrait, is hardly recognizable as a face.) Like Tanguy, Sage often sets her objects on deserts or plains that recede to immeasurably distant horizons. She renders her forms in meticulous, photographic detail, using a gray-green-ochre palette that Tessier describes as "reminiscent of the sulphurous light before a thunderstorm". Critics frequently called Sage's work disturbing or depressing, even when they praised her painterly skill. Sage almost never commented on what her paintings represented or how their seemingly ominous mood should be interpreted. One exception was her statement to a ''Time'' magazine critic that ''The Instant,'' a painting that appeared in her 1950 show at the Catherine Viviano gallery, was "a sort of showing of what's inside—things half mechanical, half alive."''Time,'' March 13, 1950, cited in Suther p. 134.


Artworks

*''A Little Later'' (1938) *''An important event'' (1938) *''Noone Heard Thunder'' (1939) *''My Room Has Two Doors'' (1939) *''This Morning (painting), This Morning'' (1939) *''Tumble-weed'' (1939) *''Lost Record'' (1940) *''I Walk without Echo'' (1940) *''Danger, Construction Ahead'' (1940) *'' I Have No Shadow'' (1940) *''White Silence'' (1941) *''Margin of Silence'' (1942) *''The Fourteen Daggers'' (1942) *''At The Appointed Time'' (1942) *''Minutes #8'' (1943) *''The Hidden Letter'' (1943) *''Too Soon for Thunder'' (1943) *''From Another Approach'' (1944) *''I Saw Three Cities'' (1944) *''In the 3rd Sleep'' (1944) *''The Upper Side of the Sky'' (1944) *''Other Answers'' (1945) *''Journey to Go'' (1945) *''Festa'' (1947) *''On The First of March Crows Begin to Search'' (1947) *''Arithmetic of Wind'' (1947) *''All Soundings Are Referred to High Water'' (1947) *''Ring of Iron, Ring of Wool'' (1947) *''The Unicorns Came Down From the Sea'' (1947) *''The Seven Sleepers'' (1947) *''Starlings, Caravans'' (1948) *''The Instant'' (1949) *''The Morning Myth'' (1950) *''Small Portrait'' (1950) *''Men Working'' (1951) *''Tomorrow for Example'' (1951) *''Apostrophe'' (1951) *''Unusual Thursday'' (1951) *''On the Contrary'' (1952) *''Dreamy Cars of Waterbury'' (1952) *''Third Paragraph'' (1953) *''No Passing'' (1954) *''Hyphen'' (1954) *''A Bird in the Room'' (1955) *''Tomorrow is Never'' (1955) *'' Journal of a Conjuror'' (1955) *''Le Passage'' (1956) *''South to Southwesterly Winds Tomorrow'' (1957) *''The World of Why" (1958) *''No Winds, no Birds" (1958) *''Watching the Clock'' (1958) *''The Answer Is No'' (1958) *''Passionnément, pas du tout'' (1961) *''Passe ou Manque'' (1961) *''Tacaii'' (1962)


Exhibitions

*1936, Galleria del Milione, Milan, Italy (six oils) (actually a three-person exhibition: see S. R. Miller's 2011 and 2018 publications below). *1938, Salon des Surindependants, Paris, France (six oils) *1940, Pierre Matisse Gallery, New York (17 oils, solo show); Tone Price gallery, Los Angeles (13 oils, solo show); San Francisco Museum of Art, San Francisco (13 oils, part of group show) *1944, Julien Levy gallery, New York (18 oils, solo show) *1947, Julien Levy gallery, New York (11 oils, solo show) *1950, Catherine Viviano gallery, New York (14 oils, solo show) *1952, Catherine Viviano gallery, New York (14 oils, solo show) *1954, Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Connecticut (46 works, joint show with Yves Tanguy) *1956, Catherine Viviano gallery, New York (12 oils, solo show) *1960, Catherine Viviano gallery, New York (59 works, solo retrospective) *1961, Catherine Viviano gallery, New York (small Surrealist sculptures, titled "Your Move") *1965, Mattatuck Museum, Waterbury, Connecticut (memorial exhibit of 50 works, titled "A Tribute to Kay Sage") *1977, Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (65 works, solo retrospective) *2011, The Katonah Museum of Art, Katonah, New York (25 works, joint show with Yves Tanguy) *2012, Featured in the exhibition In Wonderland: The Surrealist Adventures of Women Artists in Mexico and the United States at the
Los Angeles County Museum of Art The Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) is an art museum located on Wilshire Boulevard in the Miracle Mile, Los Angeles, California, Miracle Mile vicinity of Los Angeles. LACMA is on Museum Row, adjacent to the La Brea Tar Pits (George C. Pa ...
.


Books

In addition to her autobiography, ''China Eggs,'' and four Surrealist one-act plays, Sage wrote several books of poetry, three in French, one in English and one in Italian. There are also more than two hundred unpublished poems in the Archives of American Art (Flora Whitney Miller Papers, and sixty unpublished poems in the Stephen Robeson Miller Research Papers about Kay Sage, see citation below.) Their style is colloquial, their wit sharp and often directed at herself. Many are dialogues, perhaps imagined conversations with Tanguy (with whom she spoke the same kind of street-language French she used in the poems) or perhaps discussions between different parts of herself. Her published works are: *''Piove in giardino'' (1937) *''Demain, Monsieur Silber'' (1957) *''The More I Wonder'' (1957, probably a translation into English of ''Demain, Monsieur Silber'') *''Faut dire c'qui est'' (1959) *''Mordicus'' (1962)


See also

*
Women Surrealists Women Surrealists are women artists, photographers, filmmakers and authors connected with the Surrealism movement, which began in the early 1920s. Painters * Gertrude Abercrombie (1909–1977), Chicago artist inspired by the Surrealists, wh ...


References


Suggested reading

*Chadwick, Whitney. ''Women Artists and the Surrealist Movement.'' New York: Thames and Hudson, 1985. * Hubert, Renée Riese. "The Silent Couple: Kay Sage and Yves Tanguy," in her ''Magnifying Mirrors: Women, Surrealism, and Partnership.'' Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997, pp. 173–198. *Mattatuck Museum Historical Society. "A Tribute to Kay Sage." Mattatuck, Conn.: Mattatuck Museum, 1965. *Miller, Stephen Robeson. "The Surrealist Imagery of Kay Sage" Art International, Lugano, Switzerland, v. 26, September–October 1983, pp. 32–47; 54–56. *Miller, Stephen Robeson. "In the Interim: the Constructivist Surrealism of Kay Sage" in Surrealism and Women, edited by Mary Ann Caws, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1991. Mentions the author's illustrated Kay Sage Catalogue Raisonne, in which the works are arranged chronologically, on microfilm at the Archives of American Art (see below). *Miller, Stephen Robeson. ''Double Solitaire: The Surreal Worlds of Kay Sage and Yves Tanguy.'' Katonah, N. Y.: Katonah Museum of Art/Mint Museum, 2011-2012. One of Miller's books, Kay Sage: The Biographical Chronology and Four Surrealist One-Act Plays (2011) is, despite its title, an abridged version of the 100 page Chronology by Miller on microfilm at the Archives of American, and as such is approx. 50 pages of text. In his essay in this publication, Jonathan Stuhlman demonstrably shows just how Sage influenced Tanguy's work. *Miller, Stephen Robeson. ''Kay Sage: The Biographical Chronology and Four Surrealist One-Act Plays,'' New York: Gallery of Surrealism, 2011. (Note: In 1976, Marcel Duhamel, Sage's literary executor in France, six months before his death, gave her four Surrealist one-act plays to Stephen Robeson Miller with the understanding that the latter would eventually publish them. First listed in Books in Print in 1995 as "date not set" with a Boston, Massachusetts, publisher (Nelmar Press), it was decided to publish these plays to coincide with an exhibition, and therefore they were eventually published by the Gallery of Surrealism, New York, to coincide with the Sage and Tanguy exhibition at the Katonah Museum of Art, Katonah, New York, cited above, of which Miller was curator. Miller included with the plays a fifty page abridged version, with revisions, of his 1983 one-hundred page chronology in the Archives of American Art on microfilm reel nos. 2886-2888 which extensively incorporated selected quotations from his interviews and correspondence with people who knew Sage and which forms part of the collection named by the AAA "The Stephen Robeson Miller Research Papers about Kay Sage, 1898–1983". Additionally, included for each year in the 2011 Chronology, is the source for each quotation/entry as well as a list of the titles of the works she had executed during that year, thereby making it a catalogue raisonne of Sage's Surrealist works "without illustrations" (see below). *Miller, Stephen Robeson. "Illustrated Catalogue Raisonne of the Surrealist Art of Kay Sage" on microfilm at the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 1983, in which the works appear chronologically, permitted the inclusion of a number of works published in newspapers from Sage's personal scrapbooks that do not appear in the 2018 catalogue raisonne because there were no "digital images" of them. Additionally,an image of Sage's only print, a lithograph she contributed to the Galerie Maeght, Paris, for its exhibition Le Surrealisme en 1947, appears on Miller's microfilmed 1983 Sage Catalogue Raisonne, but unfortunately not in the 2018 Catalogue Raisonne published by Delmonico/Prestel Verlag. (Stephen Robeson Miller also regrets that in his Chronology in the Kay Sage Catalogue Raisonne, published in 2018, there was not time before the book went to press to include the following correction: Sage saw her first Tanguy painting Je vous attends (I await you), 1934, at the Galerie Charpentier in Paris in January 1935, not at the same gallery during the summer of 1936. Proof of this information is the checklist of the exhibition called "Le Temps Present: Peinture, Sculpture, Gravure: 1er Exposition de 1935" held from January 10–28 at the Galerie Charpentier, Paris, with Tanguy's painting listed as number 232, which Dr. Charles Stuckey at the Pierre Matisse Foundation, New York, located at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and provided to Mr. Miller). *Rosenberg, Karen. "''A House of Her Own: Kay Sage, Solitary Surrealist.''" ''Women's Review of Books,'' v. 15 i. 6 (March 1998), p. 4 ff. *Suther, Judith D. ''A House of Her Own: Kay Sage, Solitary Surrealist.'' Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997. The author stated in her Acknowledgements that Miller had abandoned his book on Sage, but this was not possible because Miller's citation in Books in Print with Nelmar Press predated Suther's 1997 citation in Books in Print, and demonstrated his plan to publish further. Although Miller and Suther had briefly discussed collaborating on a book about Sage, their collaboration never materialized because Miller decided he wanted to do his own book, namely a catalogue raisonne with his commentary about her paintings, Sage's unpublished one-act plays, and his one-hundred page Chronological Biography in the Archives of American Art. Miller's shorter, abridged (fifty page) 2011 Chronology published by the Gallery of Surrealism, New York, provides the source for each entry and includes, for example, a letter Sage wrote to Flora Whitney Miller stating that she brought her mother with her from Rapallo to New York in 1939. While it is true that occasionally a secondary source had provided Miller with information which later proved factually erroneous, the "contemporary primary source material" of Sage's 1939 letter to Flora Whitney Miller stating that she had brought her mother with her at that time to NYC is indisputable, and is contrary to what Suther wrote in her book without providing a source. *Tessier, Régine. "Sage, Kay Linn," in Barbara Sicherman and Carol Hurd Green, eds., ''Notable American Women: The Modern Period.'' Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1980, pp. 618–619. *von Maur, Karin, ed. ''Yves Tanguy and Surrealism.'' Ostfildern-Ruit, Germany: Hatje Cantz, 2001.


External links


Kay Sage Catalogue Raisonné.

Kay Sage Papers, 1925-circa 1985, Bulk 1950–1965
" Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
Stephen Robeson Miller research material on Kay Sage, 1898-1983
" Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

" All-Art. Accessed December 11, 2011.

" ArtCyclopedia. Accessed December 11, 2011.
Kay Sage
" Mattatuck Collections, Mattatuck Museum. Accessed December 11, 2011.

" Accessed December 11, 2011. *Morris, Gary.

" Morphizm. Posted May 15, 2006; accessed December 11, 2011. *Poosti, Tara.
Kay Sage (1898–1963): Surrealist
" Sullivan Goss. Accessed December 11, 2011. *Vieuille, Chantal.

" Editions Complicités. In French. Accessed December 24, 2011.
1922 Kay Sage passport photo
flickr.com {{DEFAULTSORT:Sage, Kay Women surrealist artists 1898 births 1963 deaths American women painters American surrealist artists Artists from Albany, New York Artists who committed suicide Painters from New York (state) Suicides by firearm in Connecticut 20th-century American painters 20th-century American women artists People from Woodbury, Connecticut 1963 suicides Princesses by marriage Italian princesses