Kawthaung ( mnw, ကော့ပိ, , ; th, เกาะสอง; , ; ms, Pulodua, ڤولودوا) is a town located in the southernmost part of
Myanmar
Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ...
, in the
Tanintharyi Region. During
British rule in Burma
( Burmese)
, conventional_long_name = Colony of Burma
, common_name = Burma
, era = Colonial era
, event_start = First Anglo-Burmese War
, year_start = 1824
, date_start = ...
between 1824 and 1948, it was known as Victoria Point. As of 2021, it has a population of 57,949.
History
Rakhine and
Tanintharyi
Tanintharyi or Taninthayi (widely known during the British occupation and since as Tenasserim) is a small town in Taninthayi Township, Myeik District, in the Tanintharyi Region of south-western Myanmar. It is the administrative seat for the town ...
were transferred to
British rule after the
First Anglo-Burmese War of 1823–1826.
In 1859, a local group of Chinese and Thais settled at
Maliwan
Maliwan ( my, မလိဝမ်း; th, มะลิวัลย์; ) is a village in Kawthaung Township in southern Myanmar near the border with Thailand. It was settled by Chinese and Thai people. The area is known for its hot springs and wate ...
(Thai language) to the north of Kawthaung, a place with numerous lakes and flowering trees. In 1865, an Arab–Malay group led by Nayuda Ahmed, traveling and collecting sea products around
Mergui Archipelago started a base and village at the bay of Victoria Point.
In 1872 the third mayor of
Mergui District
Myeik (, or ; mnw, ဗိက်, ; th, มะริด, , ; formerly Mergui, ) is a rural city in Tanintharyi Region in Myanmar (Burma), located in the extreme south of the country on the coast off an island on the Andaman Sea. , the estimate ...
, Sir
Ashly Din (1870–1875) assigned the first police officer to be stationed at Maliwan, a village 24 miles north of current Victoria Point. In 1891, the local government offices were moved from Maliwan to Kawthaung because Maliwan is located on the bank of a small shallow river, Maliwan Creek, unsuitable for large ships to enter and waiting tide water.
Geography
Kawthaung is located about 10°N and 98.30°E at the mouth of
Kyan River
The Kraburi River ( th, แม่น้ำกระบุรี, , ; my, မြစ်ကြီးနား, BGN/PCGN: myitkyina, ''Kyan River''), also Kra ( th, กระ) or Pak Chan River ( th, แม่น้ำปากจั่น) is the ...
on the Malay Peninsula. To its east is the Thai border town of
Ranong. To its west, and south-west, the
Andaman Sea
The Andaman Sea (historically also known as the Burma Sea) is a marginal sea of the northeastern Indian Ocean bounded by the coastlines of Myanmar and Thailand along the Gulf of Martaban and west side of the Malay Peninsula, and separated from ...
opens up to the
Indian Ocean and
Bokpyin Township
Bokepyin Township ( my, ဘုတ်ပြင်းမြို့နယ်; th, บกเปี้ยน; RTGS: ''Bok Pian'') is a township of Kawthaung District, Taninthayi Division, Myanmar. The capital town is Bokepyin.GoogleEarth
Googl ...
is located to the north. Most of the terrain in the area is mountainous.
Climate
Kawthaung has a
tropical monsoon climate (
Köppen climate classification ''Am''). Temperatures are hot throughout the year. There is a winter dry season (December-March) and a summer wet season (April-November). Torrential rain falls from May to September, with over falling in each month.
Demographics
The majority of Kawthaung's population is made up of
Bamar,
Thai
Thai or THAI may refer to:
* Of or from Thailand, a country in Southeast Asia
** Thai people, the dominant ethnic group of Thailand
** Thai language, a Tai-Kadai language spoken mainly in and around Thailand
*** Thai script
*** Thai (Unicode block ...
and other ethnic minorities such as the
Shan,
Karen, and
Mon
Mon, MON or Mon. may refer to:
Places
* Mon State, a subdivision of Myanmar
* Mon, India, a town in Nagaland
* Mon district, Nagaland
* Mon, Raebareli, a village in Uttar Pradesh, India
* Mon, Switzerland, a village in the Canton of Grisons
* An ...
. Some
Thai Muslims, alongside the
Salone
Sierra Leone,)]. officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. It is bordered by Liberia to the southeast and Guinea surrounds the northern half of the nation. Covering a total area of , Sierra ...
Sea Gypsies and
Burmese Malays, Malays can also be found in Kawthaung.
Burmese Chinese
Chinese Burmese, also Sino-Burmese or Tayoke, are a Burmese citizens of full or partial Chinese ancestry. They are group of overseas Chinese born or raised in Myanmar (Burma). As of 2012, the Burmese Chinese population is estimated to be as h ...
and
Burmese Indians
Burmese Indians are a group of people of Indian origin who live in Myanmar (Burma). The term 'Burmese Indian' refers to a broad range of people from South Asia, most notably from present-day countries such as India, Bangladesh and also Pakis ...
, who migrated to Kawthaung during colonial rule for tin mining and other industries also inhabit Kawthaung.
Peranakan or Straits Chinese, called Pashu by the Burmese, can also be found in Kawthaung.
The most common spoken language is
Burmese
Burmese may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Myanmar, a country in Southeast Asia
* Burmese people
* Burmese language
* Burmese alphabet
* Burmese cuisine
* Burmese culture
Animals
* Burmese cat
* Burmese chicken
* Burmese (hor ...
, followed by
Thai
Thai or THAI may refer to:
* Of or from Thailand, a country in Southeast Asia
** Thai people, the dominant ethnic group of Thailand
** Thai language, a Tai-Kadai language spoken mainly in and around Thailand
*** Thai script
*** Thai (Unicode block ...
and
Southern Thai as well as
Shan,
Moken,
Karen,
Mon
Mon, MON or Mon. may refer to:
Places
* Mon State, a subdivision of Myanmar
* Mon, India, a town in Nagaland
* Mon district, Nagaland
* Mon, Raebareli, a village in Uttar Pradesh, India
* Mon, Switzerland, a village in the Canton of Grisons
* An ...
,
Kedah Malay
Kedah Malay or Kedahan (); also known as ''Pelat Utara'' or ''Loghat Utara'' ('Northern Dialect') or as it is known in Thailand, Syburi Malay () is a variety of the Malayic languages mainly spoken in the northwestern Malaysian states of Perlis ...
and Chinese and Indian languages..
Most of the Bamar, Thai, Shan, Karen, Mon, Burmese Chinese and some portions of the Salone adhere to Theravada Buddhism. The Malays and Thai Muslims practice Islam.
Economy and local products
The main agriculture products are
rubber,
betel nut,
cashew nut,
coconut
The coconut tree (''Cocos nucifera'') is a member of the palm tree family ( Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus ''Cocos''. The term "coconut" (or the archaic "cocoanut") can refer to the whole coconut palm, the seed, or the ...
and
oil palm. Mining and wood log industries which flourished in the past have now dried out.
Although Kawthaung has a large port the fishing industry is not as large as in the past because of the government restriction on fishing vessels. Fishing still plays a significant role but engines are restricted to 28 hp. Tourism is bound to play a larger role for the local economy in the future as Myanmar's government is gradually lifting travel and immigration restrictions in the area. Since September 2013, tourists entering the country through Kawthaung are able to continue their journeys on land and exit through any other border crossing.
An 8 megawatt coal-fired
power plant was completed in 2012, amid local concerns on pollution issues.
Immigration and Visa entry
Thai people can cross into Myanmar through Kawthaung by applying for a temporary border pass without a visa. When crossing with a Thai passport, a visa must be applied for in advance since the related bilateral agreement between Thailand and Myanmar has exceptions only when arriving through an airport. Other foreigners must have a passport that is valid for at least another 6 months and are required to pay a fee. The border is popular for visa renewal with tourists staying in
Phuket,
Ko Tao
Ko Tao ( th, เกาะเต่า, , ) is an island in Thailand and is part of the Chumphon Archipelago on the western shore of the Gulf of Thailand. It covers an area of about 21 km2 (8 sq mi). Administratively it is a subdistrict ('' ...
,
Ko Pha Ngan and other places in southern Thailand. A three-day (two-night) visa to Myanmar costs $10
USD.
Sister cities
*
Ranong, Thailand
See also
*
Kawthaung Airport
References
External links
*
Kawthaung Map from Google Earth* http://www.bugbitten.com/blogs/Asia/suziep_nz/Myanmar_Kawthaung.html
{{Border Crossings of Myanmar
Township capitals of Myanmar
Populated places in Tanintharyi Region
Myanmar–Thailand border crossings