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(or simply Kawasaki) is a Japanese public multinational corporation manufacturer of motorcycles, engines,
heavy equipment Heavy equipment or heavy machinery refers to heavy-duty vehicles specially designed to execute construction tasks, most frequently involving earthwork operations or other large construction tasks. ''Heavy equipment'' usually comprises five e ...
, aerospace and
defense Defense or defence may refer to: Tactical, martial, and political acts or groups * Defense (military), forces primarily intended for warfare * Civil defense, the organizing of civilians to deal with emergencies or enemy attacks * Defense industr ...
equipment, rolling stock and ships, headquartered in Chūō,
Kobe Kobe ( , ; officially , ) is the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture Japan. With a population around 1.5 million, Kobe is Japan's seventh-largest city and the third-largest port city after Tokyo and Yokohama. It is located in Kansai region, whic ...
and
Minato Minato (港 or 湊) is Japanese for 'harbor', and may refer to: Places * Minato, Tokyo or Minato City, a special ward in Tokyo, Japan * Minato-ku, Nagoya, a ward of Nagoya, Japan * Minato-ku, Osaka, a ward of Osaka, Japan * Minato (湊), a neig ...
, Tokyo, Japan. It is also active in the production of industrial robots, gas turbines,
pump A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action, typically converted from electrical energy into hydraulic energy. Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to the method they u ...
s, boilers and other industrial products. The company is named after its founder, Shōzō Kawasaki. KHI is known as one of the three major heavy industrial manufacturers of Japan, alongside Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and
IHI Ihi, Ehee (Nepal Bhasa:ईही) is a ceremony in the Newar community in Nepal in which pre-adolescent girls are "married" to the Suvarna Kumar which is a symbol of the god Vishnu, ensuring that the girl becomes and remains fertile. It is bel ...
. Prior to the Second World War, KHI was part of the Kobe Kawasaki '' zaibatsu'', which included Kawasaki Steel and Kawasaki Kisen. After the conflict, KHI became part of the DKB Group (''
keiretsu A is a set of companies with interlocking business relationships and shareholdings. In the legal sense, it is a type of informal business group that are loosely organized alliances within the social world of Japan's business community. The ''ke ...
'').


History

Shōzō Kawasaki, born in 1836, was involved with the marine industry from a young age. He was involved with two offshore disasters but accredited his survival to the modernization of the ships. This led to the decision to create technological innovations for the Japanese shipping industry. In 1878, after struggling to find business, his first order was placed. This is marked as the company's start in the industry. In 1886, Kawasaki moved the business from Tokyo to Hyogo. This allowed space for the rise of orders placed to his company and the renaming to Kawasaki Dockyard. The new and improved company went public as Kawasaki Dockyard Co., Ltd when the demand for ships rose during the Sino-Japanese War of 1894. Kojiro Matsukata was announced as the company's first president. After opening a new factory in 1906, Kawasaki began diversifying its products. They began to produce parts for the railroad, automotive, and airplane industry by the end of World War 1. After the war, along with the Allied arms-limitation agreement in 1912, Kawasaki faced a huge decline in shipbuilding. In 1929, the Depression caused a large amount of financial problems with the company. During World War 2, Kawasaki was a major builder of combat aircraft like the Ki-61, which killed many US aircrew. Just afterwards, they adapted air intakes from combat aircraft to high speed motorcycles. In 1947, the government introduced a new shipbuilding agenda and gave Kawasaki a rise in profits and helped restore the company. The company was able to resume all operations and by the 1950s, Japan was leading as the world's largest shipbuilder. By the late 1960s into the 1970s Kawasaki had begun to withdraw from the shipbuilding industry and diversified its company, producing motorcycles, jet skis, bridges, tunnel-boring machines, and aircraft. They also supplied technologically advanced railroad cars to the New York subway system. In 1995, Kawasaki Heavy Industries came to an agreement with China to produce the largest containerships known to man. This led to the company announcing higher than expected profits in 1996. However, shortly after the profits, the company saw a long decline in business forcing them to find a solution. With the company seeing continuous losses into the 21st century, it formed a joint venture with Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co. However, by the end of 2001, the agreement was terminated. In the following years, Kawasaki Heavy Industries Co. have seen a fluctuation of profits and losses


Products


Aerospace

Kawasaki is active in a diverse range of the aerospace industry. The company is a contractor for the
Japanese Ministry of Defense The is an executive department of the Government of Japan responsible for preserving the peace and independence of Japan, and maintaining the country’s national security and the Japan Self-Defense Forces. The ministry is headed by the ...
and has built aircraft such as the C-1 transport aircraft, T-4 intermediate jet trainer, and the P-3C antisubmarine warfare patrol airplane. Since 2007, it has built the P-1 maritime patrol aircraft, and since 2010, it has built the C-2 transport aircraft. Kawasaki also builds helicopters, including the
BK117 The MBB/Kawasaki BK 117 is a twin-engined medium Utility helicopter, utility–transport helicopter. It was jointly developed and manufactured by Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB) of Germany and Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Kawasaki of Japan. MBB ...
, jointly developed and manufactured with MBB. It also produces the CH-47J / JA helicopter. In the commercial aviation business, the company is involved in the joint international development and production of large passenger aircraft. It is involved in joint development and production of the
Boeing 767 The Boeing 767 is an American wide-body aircraft developed and manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. The aircraft was launched as the 7X7 program on July 14, 1978, the prototype first flew on September 26, 1981, and it was certified on ...
, Boeing 777 and Boeing 787 with The Boeing Company,Kelly, Tim
"Giant Japanese oven gives Boeing room to ramp up 787 output"
''Reuters'', 13 March 2013. Accessed 19 January 2016.
and the 170, 175, 190 and 195 jets with Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica. It is also involved in the joint international development and production of turbofan engines for passenger aircraft such as the V2500, the RB211/Trent, the
PW4000 The Pratt & Whitney PW4000 is a family of dual-spool, axial-flow, high-bypass turbofan aircraft engines produced by Pratt & Whitney as the successor to the JT9D. It was first run in April 1984, was FAA certified in July 1986, and was introduce ...
and the
CF34 The General Electric CF34 is a civilian high-bypass turbofan developed by GE Aircraft Engines from its TF34 military engine. The CF34 is used on a number of business and regional jets, including the Bombardier CRJ series, the Embraer E-Jet ...
. Kawasaki also works for the
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency The is the Japanese national air and space agency. Through the merger of three previously independent organizations, JAXA was formed on 1 October 2003. JAXA is responsible for research, technology development and launch of satellites into orb ...
. The company was responsible for the development and production of the payload fairings, payload attach fittings (PAF) and the construction of the launch complex for the H-II rocket. It continues to provide services for the H-IIA rocket. Kawasaki has also participated in projects such as the development of reusable launch vehicles for spacecraft that will handle future space transport, space robotics projects such as the Japanese Experiment Module for the International Space Station, the cancelled HOPE-X experimental orbiting plane and the docking mechanism for the
ETS-VII The ETS-VII, or Engineering Test Satellite No. 7, was a satellite developed and launched by the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA). It is also known as KIKU-7. It was launched aboard an H-II rocket from Tanegashima Space Center, o ...
. According to a document from July 1997, they would have been a major manufacturer of the
Kankoh-maru The is a proposed vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL), single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), reusable launch system (rocket-powered spacecraft). According to a document from July 1997, it would have been manufactured by Kawasaki Heavy Industries and M ...
space tourism vehicle (also known as the Kawasaki S-1), which never saw production. Main products * Aircraft * Space systems * Helicopters *
Simulators A simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system over time. Simulations require the use of models; the model represents the key characteristics or behaviors of the selected system or process, whereas the ...
*
Jet engine A jet engine is a type of reaction engine discharging a fast-moving jet of heated gas (usually air) that generates thrust by jet propulsion. While this broad definition can include rocket, Pump-jet, water jet, and hybrid propulsion, the term ...
s * Missiles * Electronic equipment


Rolling stock

Kawasaki is Japan's largest manufacturer of rolling stock. It began operations in the industry in 1906. It manufactures express and commuter trains, subway cars, freight trains, locomotives, monorails and new transit systems. Kawasaki is also involved in the development and design of high-speed trains such as Japan's Shinkansen. Main Products * Electric cars (including Shinkansen trains) * Monorails * Passenger coaches and freight cars * Diesel locomotives *
Electric locomotives An electric locomotive is a locomotive powered by electricity from overhead lines, a third rail or on-board energy storage such as a battery or a supercapacitor. Locomotives with on-board fuelled prime movers, such as diesel engines or gas t ...
* Platform screen door systems * Passenger coaches and freight cars integrated transit systems


Shipbuilding

Shipbuilding is the historical industry in which Kawasaki Heavy Industries was created and developed, as from the company's 1878 founding as the Kawasaki Dockyard Co. Kawasaki Shipbuilding Corporation is a wholly owned
subsidiary A subsidiary, subsidiary company or daughter company is a company owned or controlled by another company, which is called the parent company or holding company. Two or more subsidiaries that either belong to the same parent company or having a s ...
of Kawasaki Heavy Industries. Its product range include high-performance LNG and LPG carriers, container ships, bulk carriers and VLCCs, as well as submarines. The company is also involved in the development of offshore structures and research vessels. Kawasaki also produces marine machinery and equipment, including main engines, propulsion systems, steering gears, deck and fishing machinery. Kawasaki has shipyards at
Kobe Kobe ( , ; officially , ) is the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture Japan. With a population around 1.5 million, Kobe is Japan's seventh-largest city and the third-largest port city after Tokyo and Yokohama. It is located in Kansai region, whic ...
and Sakaide, Kagawa. (Kagawa Prefecture). The company also builds ships as a part of joint ventures with
COSCO China Ocean Shipping Company, Limited, formerly China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company, commonly known for its abbreviated name COSCO Group, or simply, COSCO, is a former Chinese Government owned shipping and logistics services supplier compan ...
in China, i.e. the Nantong COSCO KHI Ship Engineering Co., Ltd.(NACKS), in Nantong, China, and the Dalian COSCO KHI Ship Engineering Co., Ltd.(DACKS), in Dalian, China. Main products * LNG carriers * LPG carriers * Container ships * High speed vessels *
Submarine A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability. The term is also sometimes used historically or colloquially to refer to remotely op ...
s * VLCCs (
very large crude carrier An oil tanker, also known as a petroleum tanker, is a ship designed for the bulk transport of oil or its products. There are two basic types of oil tankers: crude tankers and product tankers. Crude tankers move large quantities of unrefined cru ...
s) * Bulk carriers * Offshore structures * Marine machinery and
equipment Equipment most commonly refers to a set of tools or other objects commonly used to achieve a particular objective. Different job Work or labor (or labour in British English) is intentional activity people perform to support the needs and ...


Energy plants and facilities

Kawasaki's key offering are high-performance gas turbines. The company is also involved in development of new energy sources as an alternative to fossil fuels such as wind power generation, biomass power generation, photovoltaic systems and rechargeable batteries. Main products * Small and medium-sized gas turbine generators * Gas turbine cogeneration systems *
Gas engine A gas engine is an internal combustion engine that runs on a gaseous fuel, such as coal gas, producer gas, biogas, landfill gas or natural gas. In the United Kingdom, the term is unambiguous. In the United States, due to the widespread use of ...
s * Diesel engines * Wind turbine generators * Ash handling systems *
Combined cycle A combined cycle power plant is an assembly of heat engines that work in tandem from the same source of heat, converting it into mechanical energy. On land, when used to make electricity the most common type is called a combined cycle gas turb ...
power plants *
Nuclear power plant A nuclear power plant (NPP) is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. As is typical of thermal power stations, heat is used to generate steam that drives a steam turbine connected to a electric generator, generato ...
equipment * Boilers


Industrial equipment

Kawasaki develops and builds a vast array of industrial plants and equipment, including large cement, chemical and nonferrous metal plants, prime movers, and compact precision machinery. It also offers industrial plant engineering from design to sales. Kawasaki also develops automation systems. Industrial robots for processes such as assembly, handling, welding, painting and sealing, as well as automation systems for distribution and logistics such as automated product- and cargo-handling systems for plants and airports. Main products * Industrial plants * Industrial robots * Aerodynamic machinery *
Hydraulic equipment Hydraulic machines use liquid fluid power to perform work. Heavy construction vehicles are a common example. In this type of machine, hydraulic fluid is pumped to various hydraulic motors and hydraulic cylinders throughout the machine and b ...


Environment and recycling

Kawasaki is involved in the development of equipment that prevents pollution in a wide range of industries. Among the leading products are fuel gas desulfurization and denitrification systems, and ash handling systems. The company also supplies municipal refuse incineration plants, gasification and melting systems, sewage treatment and sludge incineration plants. Kawasaki has also been developing systems that enable a wide range of municipal and industrial waste to be recovered, recycled and put to new use. Such systems include refuse paper and plastic fuel production facilities that convert wastepaper/plastics into an easy-to-handle solid fuel, equipment that converts old tires into highway paving materials and tiles, and machinery that sorts glass bottles by size and color. Main products * Municipal refuse incineration plants * Water treatment systems *
Industrial waste Industrial waste is the waste produced by industrial activity which includes any material that is rendered useless during a manufacturing process such as that of factories, mills, and mining operations. Types of industrial waste include dirt and ...
recycling equipment *
Flue-gas desulfurization Flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) is a set of technologies used to remove sulfur dioxide () from exhaust flue gases of fossil-fuel power plants, and from the emissions of other sulfur oxide emitting processes such as waste incineration. Methods ...
equipment


Infrastructure

Kawasaki's history of building steel structures spans more than a century, with bridge-building among its first businesses. The company offers of storage management for LNG, Kawasaki's portfolio also includes retractable roofs, floors and other giant structures, the Sapporo Dome's retractable surface is one example. For construction, Kawasaki produces products such as wheel loaders, tunnel machines, rollers, snowplows and purpose-specific loaders. The tunnel boring machines used to excavate the
Channel Tunnel The Channel Tunnel (french: Tunnel sous la Manche), also known as the Chunnel, is a railway tunnel that connects Folkestone (Kent, England, UK) with Coquelles ( Hauts-de-France, France) beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover. ...
and the 14.14 m diameter shield machines used in the Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line construction are two well-known examples. Main products * Wheel loaders * Construction machinery * Shield Machines * Tunnel boring machines *
Steel Steel is an alloy made up of iron with added carbon to improve its strength and fracture resistance compared to other forms of iron. Many other elements may be present or added. Stainless steels that are corrosion- and oxidation-resistant ty ...
bridges *
LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas (predominantly methane, CH4, with some mixture of ethane, C2H6) that has been cooled down to liquid form for ease and safety of non-pressurized storage or transport. It takes up about 1/600th the volu ...
and LPG tanks * Airport and port-related products * Snowplows


Transportation

Kawasaki produces motorcycles, Jet Skis,
ATVs ATV may refer to: Broadcasting * Amateur television *Analog television Television stations and companies * Ràdio i Televisió d'Andorra * ATV (Armenia) * ATV (Aruba), NBC affiliate * ATV (Australian TV station), Melbourne * ATV (Austria) * ATV ...
and cars. Kawasaki's motorcycle include the Ninja sport bikes, and cruisers, dual-purpose and motocross motorcycles, as well as utility vehicles, ATVs and general-purpose gasoline engines. Kawasaki's "Jet Ski" has become a genericized trademark for any type of personal watercraft.


Affiliates and subsidiaries


Japan

* Akashi Ship Model Basin Co., Ltd. * Alna Yusoki-Yohin Co., Ltd. * Benic Solution Corp. * EarthTechnica Co., Ltd. * Enetec Co., Ltd. * Fukae Powtec Corp. * JP Steel Plantech Co. * Kawaju Akashi Service Co., Ltd. * Kawasaki Engineering Co., Ltd. * Kawasaki Oita Manufacturing Co., Ltd. * Kawasaki Metal Industries, Ltd. * Kawasaki Setsubi Kogyo Co., Ltd. * Kawasaki Shipbuilding Corporation * Kawasaki Plant Systems, Ltd. * Kawasaki Precision Machinery Ltd. * Kawasaki Machine Systems, Ltd. * Kawasaki Motors Corporation Japan * Kawasaki Hydromechanics Corp. * Kawasaki Life Corporation * Kawasaki Naval Engine Service, Ltd. * Kawaju Akashi Engineering Co., Ltd. * KEE Environmental Construction, Co. Ltd. * KEE Environmental Service, Ltd. * Kawaju Gifu Service Co., Ltd. * Kawaju Gifu Engineering Co., Ltd. * Kawasaki Prime Mover Engineering Co., Ltd. * Kawasaki Construction Co., Ltd. * Kawasaki Rolling Stock Technology Co., Ltd. * Kawaju Shoji Co., Ltd. * Kawaju Techno Service Corp. * Kawaju Tokyo Service Corp. * Kawaju Facilitech Co., Ltd. * Kawasaki Thermal Engineering Co., Ltd. * K Career Partners Corp. * K-GES Co., Ltd. * K-Tec Corp. * KGM (Kawaju Gifu Manufacturing) Co., Ltd. * Kawasaki Setsubi Kogyo Co., Ltd. * Kawasaki Construction Machinery, Hokkaido Ltd. * Kawaju Sakaide Service Co., Ltd. * Kawaju Kobe Support Co., Ltd. * Kawaju Marine Engineering Co., Ltd. * KHI JPS Co., Ltd. * Kawasaki Shipbuilding Inspection Co., Ltd. * Kawasaki Gas Turbine Research Center Ltd. * Nichijo Manufacturing Co., Ltd. * NIPPI Corporation * Sapporo Kawasaki Rolling Stock Engineering Co., Ltd. * Technica Corp. * Union Precision Die Co., Ltd.


International


East Asia

* Kawasaki Marine Machinery Co. Ltd. (Wuhan, Hubei, China) * Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ship Engineering Co. Ltd. (Nantong, Jiangsu, China;
COSCO China Ocean Shipping Company, Limited, formerly China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company, commonly known for its abbreviated name COSCO Group, or simply, COSCO, is a former Chinese Government owned shipping and logistics services supplier compan ...
) * Kawasaki Heavy Industries Machinery Trading Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China) * Kawasaki Heavy Industries Technology Co. Ltd. (Dalian, Liaoning, China) * Kawasaki Precision Machinery (China) Ltd. * Kawasaki Robotics Co. Ltd. (Tianjin, China) * Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd. (Hong Kong) * Kawasaki Machine Systems Ltd. (South Korea)


Europe

* Kawasaki Precision Machinery (U.K.) Limited * Kawasaki Robotics (U.K.) Ltd. * Kawasaki Robotics G.m.b.H. * Kawasaki Gas Turbine Europe GmbH * Kawasaki Motors Europe N.V. * Kawasaki Heavy Industries Europe Finance B.V. * Kawasaki Heavy Industries (Europe) B.V. * Italian Motorcycle Investment S.p.A.


North America

* Canadian Kawasaki Motors Inc. * Kawasaki Construction Machinery Corp. of America * Kawasaki Heavy Industries (U.S.A.), Inc. * Kawasaki Motors Corp., U.S.A. * Kawasaki Motors Manufacturing Corp., U.S.A. * Kawasaki Precision Machinery (U.S.A.), Inc. * Kawasaki Rail Car, Inc. * Kawasaki Robotics (U.S.A.), Inc.


Oceania

* Kawasaki Motors Pty. Ltd.


South America

* Kawasaki do Brasil Indústria e Comércio Ltda. * Kawasaki Machinery do Brasil Maq. Equip. Ltda. * Kawasaki Motores do Brasil Ltda. * Estaleiro Enseada do Paraguaçu S.A.


South Asia

* India Kawasaki Motors (India) * Kawasaki Motors (Bangladesh)


Southeast Asia

* Kawasaki Gas Turbine Asia Sdn. Bhd. (Malaysia) * Kawasaki Motors (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. (Malaysia) * Kawasaki Heavy Industries Pte. Ltd. (Singapore) * Kawasaki Motors Enterprise Co. Ltd. (Thailand) * KDT (KHI Design & Technical Service, Inc. (Pasay, Philippines) *
Kawasaki Motors Philippines Kawasaki Motors Philippines Corporation (KMPC or Kawasaki Philippines) is a subsidiary of Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. under the Motorcycle and Engine division. It manufactures motorcycle/motorcycle parts, and bicycle/bicycle parts. Kawas ...
(Muntinlupa, Philippines) *
P.T. Kawasaki Motor PT, Pt, or pt may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''P.T.'' (video game), acronym for ''Playable Teaser'', a short video game released to promote the cancelled video game ''Silent Hills'' * Porcupine Tree, a British progressive rock group ...
(Indonesia)


References


External links

* {{authority control Conglomerate companies of Japan Defense companies of Japan Locomotive manufacturers of Japan Truck manufacturers of Japan Motorcycle manufacturers of Japan Rolling stock manufacturers of Japan Shipbuilding companies of Japan Aircraft manufacturers of Japan Aircraft engine manufacturers of Japan Aerospace companies of Japan Gas turbine manufacturers Robotics companies of Japan Keiretsu Zaibatsu Multinational companies headquartered in Japan Manufacturing companies based in Kobe Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1896 Japanese companies established in 1896 Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange Conglomerate companies established in 1896 Diesel engine manufacturers Marine engine manufacturers Motorcycle engine manufacturers Engine manufacturers of Japan Construction equipment manufacturers of Japan Gas engine manufacturers Pump manufacturers Electric motor manufacturers Manufacturers of industrial automation Industrial robotics companies