Kathrine Susanne Bugge, née Hanssen (30 May 1877 – 10 June 1951) was a Norwegian educator, cultural worker and politician for the

Communist Party A communist party is a political party that seeks to realize the socio-economic goals of communism. The term ''communist party'' was popularized by the title of ''The Manifesto of the Communist Party'' (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. A ...

. She was born in

Bodø Bodø (; smj, Bådåddjo, sv, Bodö) is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Salten. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Bodø (which is also the capital of Nordland count ...

as a daughter of tailor, editor and missionary Jakob Andreas Hanssen and his wife Mathilde Dahl. She attended middle school, and at age 16 she worked as a

governess A governess is a largely obsolete term for a woman employed as a private tutor, who teaches and trains a child or children in their home. A governess often lives in the same residence as the children she is teaching. In contrast to a nanny, th ...

. She then attended Tromsæ Teachers' Seminary and graduated there in 1897. She was hired as a middle school teacher in

Vardø ( fi, Vuoreija, fkv, Vuorea, se, Várggát) is a municipality in Troms og Finnmark county in the extreme northeastern part of Norway. Vardø is the easternmost town in Norway, more to the east than Saint Petersburg or Istanbul. The administra ...

in 1899. Here she met

Thorolf Bugge Thorolf Bugge (1 October 1879 – 21 May 1935) was a Norwegian trade unionist and politician for the Labour and Communist parties. He was born in Heddal as a son of district physician Johan Carl Bugge (1847–1902) and Christine Theodora Drolsum ( ...

(1879–1935), whom she married in December 1902. The two became a part of the radical and revolutionary milieu in the city, located close to the Russian border. Kathrine fell ill in 1906, and the couple moved to a small farm in Jarfjord, Sør-Varanger. Her husband worked at the farm and in the company

Sydvaranger Sydvaranger AS, previously A/S Sydvaranger, is an iron ore mining company in Sør-Varanger, Norway. Since 2015 its mining operations have not restarted yet. Sydvaranger is owned by Tacora resources, and it owns an open-pit mine at Bjørnevatn. S ...

. Kathrine was an active cultural worker in the district, with literature, oratory and dance, as well as a Socialist Sunday school. In the socialist enlightenment work in Finnmark, the Bugge couple stood out together with

Ellisif Wessel Ellisif Ranveig Wessel, née Müller (14 July 1866 – 28 November 1949) was a Norwegian writer, trade unionist and politician for the Labour Party. Biography She was born in Østre Gausdal as a daughter of district physician Wilhelm Jacobi Müll ...

. Articles written by Kathrine Bugge was spread mainly through Ellisif Wessel's books ''Den lille kammerat'', ''Den lille socialist'' and ''Klasse mot klasse'', all released in 1914, as well as newspapers, especially ''

Finmarken ''Finnmarken'' is a local newspaper published in Vadsø, Norway. It covers eastern Finnmark. It was established in 1899 by Adam Egede-Nissen and others. In 1942 ''Finnmarken'' was taken over by the national socialist occupant regime. They incorp ...

'' and '' Folkets Frihet''. In 1916 they moved to

Kirkenes Kirkenes (; ; Skolt Sami: ''Ǩeârkknjargg;'' fi, Kirkkoniemi; ; russian: Киркенес) is a List of towns and cities in Norway, town in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, in the far northeastern part of Norway. The town ...

, and then to Oslo after Thorolf won the

1921 Norwegian parliamentary election Parliamentary elections were held in Norway on 24 October 1921.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1438 This was the first election to use proportional representation, which replaced previous two-roun ...

. They moved back after Thorolf lost the

1924 Norwegian parliamentary election Parliamentary elections were held in Norway on 21 October 1924. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1438 The result was a victory for the Conservative Party-Liberal Left Party alliance, which won 54 of ...

. In the meantime both had left the Labour Party and joined the

in 1923, where Kathrine notably was the deputy leader of the party's secretariat for women's affairs. Kathrine moved back to Jarfjord in 1935. She died in June 1951 in Sør-Varanger from cancer.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bugge, Kathrine 1877 births 1951 deaths Norwegian educators Norwegian women writers Communist Party of Norway politicians Finnmark politicians People from Sør-Varanger Deaths from cancer in Norway Politicians from Bodø