Kastsyukovichy ( be, Касцюковічы; russian: Костюковичи, pl, Kostiukowicze) is a town in the
Mogilev Region
Mogilev Region or Mogilev Oblast or Mahiliow Voblasts ( be, link=no, Магілёўская вобласць; ''Mahiloŭskaja voblasć''; russian: link=no, Могилёвская область; ''Mogilyovskaya Oblast''), is a region (''oblast'' ...
, Eastern
Belarus
Belarus,, , ; alternatively and formerly known as Byelorussia (from Russian ). officially the Republic of Belarus,; rus, Республика Беларусь, Respublika Belarus. is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by ...
. It is located in the east of the Region, close to the border with
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
, and serves as the administrative center of
Kastsyukovichy District. As of 2009, its population was 15,993.
History
Kastsyukovichy was first mentioned in a chronicle in 1508. It belonged to
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...
, and in 1772, as a result of the
First Partition of Poland, it was transferred to
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
. In the middle of the 19th century it had a population of 1700 and was the administrative center of
Kostyukovichskaya Volost of
Klimovichsky Uyezd,
Mogilev Governorate
The Mogilev Governorate () or Government of Mogilev was a governorate () of the Russian Empire in the territory of the present day Belarus. Its capital was in Mogilev, referred to as Mogilev-on-the-Dnieper, or Mogilev Gubernskiy.
The area of the ...
. In 1919, Mogilev Governorate was abolished, and Kastsyukovichy was transferred to
Gomel Governorate
Gomel Governorate was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1919 to 1926. Its capital was Gomel.http://www.jewishgen.org/belarus/borders_timeline.htm It was formed from nine uyezds ...
. On July 17, 1924 the governorate was abolished, and Kastsyukovichy became the administrative center of Kastsyukovichy Raion, which belonged to
Kalinin Okrug of
Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. In July, 1927, Kalinin Okrug was abolished, and Kastsyukovichy was transferred into
Mogilev Okrug. On January 15, 1938 the raion was transferred to Mogilev Region. In 1938, Kastsyukovichy was granted the town status. During the Second World War, the town was occupied by German troops and severely damaged.
The Jewish community of the village had 1,181 members before the war. The Germans occupied the town and kept the Jews imprisoned in a
ghetto
A ghetto, often called ''the'' ghetto, is a part of a city in which members of a minority group live, especially as a result of political, social, legal, environmental or economic pressure. Ghettos are often known for being more impoverished t ...
. They were forced to work in the quarry-sand. In November 1941, 350 Jews were murdered in a mass execution in the Orthodox cemetery perpetrated by an
Einsatzgruppen. On September 3, 1942, the Jews were brought outside of the town when the Germans shot them in groups of 50 into pits. Before being shot, the Jews were forced to undress, and policemen and Germans collected their valuables. In March 1943, another 161 Jews were shot near the rope factory. On April 14 and 15, 1943, policemen from the town shot another 14 Jews.
In 1986, it was considerably affected by the
Chernobyl disaster.
Economy
Industry
In Kastsyukovichy, there is a
cement
A cement is a binder, a chemical substance used for construction that sets, hardens, and adheres to other materials to bind them together. Cement is seldom used on its own, but rather to bind sand and gravel ( aggregate) together. Cement mi ...
plant, as well as several enterprises of food industry, including alcohol production.
Transportation
Kastsyukovichy has a railway station on the railroad connecting
Orsha
Orsha ( be, О́рша, Во́рша, Orša, Vorša; russian: О́рша ; lt, Orša, pl, Orsza) is a city in Belarus in the Vitebsk Region, on the fork of the Dnieper and Arshytsa rivers.
History
Orsha was first mentioned in 1067 as Rsha ...
with
Unecha
Unecha (russian: Уне́ча), a town and the administrative center of Unechsky District in Bryansk Oblast, Russia, stands on the Unecha River (within the Dnieper's basin) southwest of Bryansk, the administrative center of the oblast. Popul ...
via
Krychaw
Krychaw or Krichev ( be, Кры́чаў, Łacinka: Kryčaŭ, ; russian: Кричев, , pl, Krzyczew) is a city in the eastern Belarusian Mogilev Region. Krychaw is the administrative center of Krychaw District. As of 2009, its population was 27 ...
. South of the town, the railroad crosses the state border and enters Russian Federation.
The town is well served by roads. One road connects it to
Klimavichy
Klimavichy ( be, Клiмавiчы; russian: Климовичи, Klimovichi, lt, Klimavičai; Łacinka: Klimavičy) is a city in the eastern Belarusian Mogilev Region. Klimavichy is located east of Mogilev on the bank of Kalinica River and is t ...
on the north and eventually to the highway connecting
Roslavl
Roslavl (russian: Ро́славль, ) is a town and the administrative center of Roslavlsky District in Smolensk Oblast, Russia. It is a road and rail junction and a market town. Population:
Climate
Roslavl has a warm-summer humid continenta ...
in Russia with
Bobruysk
Babruysk, Babrujsk or Bobruisk ( be, Бабруйск , Łacinka: , rus, Бобруйск, Bobrujsk, bɐˈbruɪ̯s̪k, yi, באָברויסק ) is a city in the Mogilev Region of eastern Belarus on the Berezina River. , its population was 209 ...
. Another one crosses the border and runs to
Surazh.
Culture and recreation
In Kastsyukovichy, some buildings survived from the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. There is a Jewish cemetery. The Church of the Erection of the Cross was built in the 1990s.
References
{{Authority control
Towns in Belarus
Populated places in Mogilev Region
Kastsyukovichy District
Klimovichskiy Uyezd
Holocaust locations in Belarus