Carl Josef Anton von In der Maur auf Strelburg und zu Freifeld (also spelled Karl) (16 October 1852 – 11 December 1913) was an Austrian aristocrat and statesman who twice served in the court of
Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein
Johann II (Johann Maria Franz Placidus; 5 October 1840 – 11 February 1929), nicknamed the Good (german: Johann II. der Gute), was Prince of Liechtenstein from 12 November 1858 until his death in 1929. His reign of 70 years and 91 days is the th ...
as the
Governor
A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political ...
of
Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein (), officially the Principality of Liechtenstein (german: link=no, Fürstentum Liechtenstein), is a German-speaking microstate located in the Alps between Austria and Switzerland. Liechtenstein is a semi-constitutional monarchy ...
from 1884 until
1892 and 1897 until 1913.
In der Maur was born into the
Tyrolese noble family of
In der Maur
In der Maur (also written as In der Mauer, Indermaur, Indermauer) is an ancient Swiss family. Throughout the Middle Ages and Renaissance, the family held positions of political and economic power as members of the bourgeoisie in Berneck, St. ...
in Austria. After completing his education he joined the Lower Austrian State Service. He was appointed Governor of Liechtenstein in 1884. He reformed the administration, expanding regulations and government responsibilities. In der Maur had a domineering style of governance, and often acted contrary to the wishes of the
Landtag
A Landtag (State Diet) is generally the legislative assembly or parliament of a federated state or other subnational self-governing entity in German-speaking nations. It is usually a unicameral assembly exercising legislative competence in non- ...
. He left office in 1892 when he was appointed ''Fürstlicher Kabinettsrat'' to
Vienna
en, Viennese
, iso_code = AT-9
, registration_plate = W
, postal_code_type = Postal code
, postal_code =
, timezone = CET
, utc_offset = +1
, timezone_DST ...
, but maintained connections with the rest of the Liechtenstein government through his membership of its Political Recruitment Office. In der Maur returned to the office of Governor in 1897 to serve in a "provisional fashion". He held the post until his death in 1913 following a stroke during an impassioned debate in the Landtag.
Early life
Carl Josef Anton von In der Maur auf Strelburg und zu Freifeld was born on 16 October 1852 in
Wiener Neustadt
Wiener Neustadt (; ; Central Bavarian: ''Weana Neistod'') is a city located south of Vienna, in the state of Lower Austria, in northeast Austria. It is a self-governed city and the seat of the district administration of Wiener Neustadt-Land Distr ...
,
Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire (german: link=no, Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling , ) was a Central-Eastern European multinational great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs. During its existence, ...
. He belonged to the Tyrolese noble family
In der Maur
In der Maur (also written as In der Mauer, Indermaur, Indermauer) is an ancient Swiss family. Throughout the Middle Ages and Renaissance, the family held positions of political and economic power as members of the bourgeoisie in Berneck, St. ...
, whom were members of the Austrian ''
Landadel'' in
South Tyrol
it, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano – Alto Adige lld, Provinzia Autonoma de Balsan/Bulsan – Südtirol
, settlement_type = Autonomous province
, image_skyline =
, image_alt ...
. His father was Karl Johann Josef Romed von In der Maur auf Strelburg und zu Freifeld, who served in the Austrian government as the Assistant Secretary of the Ministry of Education, and his mother was Barbara Kahl. His father had previously been married to Baroness Maria Ludovika Benz de Albkron.
He was the elder brother of Ernst Alexander, Marianne Barbara, Friedrich, and Klara Barbara.
[ In der Maur attended ]secondary school
A secondary school describes an institution that provides secondary education and also usually includes the building where this takes place. Some secondary schools provide both '' secondary education, lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) ...
in Vienna before studying law and political science at the Theresian Military Academy
The Theresian Military Academy (german: Theresianische Militärakademie, TherMilAk) is a military academy in Austria, where the Austrian Armed Forces train their officers. Founded in 1751, the academy is located in the castle of Wiener Neustadt ...
, where he graduated with honors in 1875.
Career
After finishing school, In der Maur entered the Lower Austrian State Service. In Vaduz
Vaduz ( or , High Alemannic pronunciation: [])Hans Stricker, Toni Banzer, Herbert Hilbe: ''Liechtensteiner Namenbuch. Die Orts- und Flurnamen des Fürstentums Liechtenstein.'' Band 2: ''Die Namen der Gemeinden Triesenberg, Vaduz, Schaan.'' Hrsg. ...
he served as Presidential Secretary. On 23 September 1884, In der Maur was appointed ''Fürstlicher Landesverweser'' (i.e. Governor) of the Principality of Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein (), officially the Principality of Liechtenstein (german: link=no, Fürstentum Liechtenstein), is a German-speaking microstate located in the Alps between Austria and Switzerland. Liechtenstein is a semi-constitutional monarch ...
in Vaduz by Prince Johann II. During this time the ''Landtag
A Landtag (State Diet) is generally the legislative assembly or parliament of a federated state or other subnational self-governing entity in German-speaking nations. It is usually a unicameral assembly exercising legislative competence in non- ...
'' passed an unusually limited amount of legislation. In lieu of such lawmaking activity, In der Maur's administration was reorganised and assumed more bureaucratic functions and responsibilities. Between autumn 1884 and December 1890 it promulgated 119 new regulations concerning matters such as education, religion, communal governance, prisons, midwifery, chimney sweeping, livestock, and forest management. He took a particular interest in the school system and endeavored to standardise primary education. He approached governance with an authoritarian style and often contradicted the wishes of the ''Landtag''; his government employed "preventive censorship" and suppressed attempts to introduce bills that would ensure freedom of the press
Freedom of the press or freedom of the media is the fundamental principle that communication and expression through various media, including printed and electronic News media, media, especially publication, published materials, should be conside ...
.
In der Maur left office on 5 September 1892, when he was appointed ''Fürstlicher Kabinettsrat'' to Vienna
en, Viennese
, iso_code = AT-9
, registration_plate = W
, postal_code_type = Postal code
, postal_code =
, timezone = CET
, utc_offset = +1
, timezone_DST ...
and was replaced by Friedrich Stellwag von Carion. He maintained his ties with the rest of the Liechtenstein government through his membership of its Political Recruitment Office. In October 1896, Stellwag died and In der Maur returned to Vaduz to assume his old position in a "provisional" fashion. He regained office on 4 January 1897. He officially retained his post in the Political Recruitment Office, though another appointee took charge of his responsibilities. In der Maur continued to serve as provisional Governor of Liechtenstein until his death.
In 1901, In der Maur co-founded and became a board member of the Historical Association for the Principality of Liechtenstein
History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as well ...
, a post he retained until his death.[ He received the ]Jubilee Medal
A jubilee is a particular anniversary of an event, usually denoting the 25th, 40th, 50th, 60th, and the 70th anniversary. The term is often now used to denote the celebrations associated with the reign of a monarch after a milestone number of y ...
for imperial and royal civil state servants in Austria and was awarded the Commander's Cross of the Imperial and Royal Austrian Order of Franz Joseph in 1909. That year, on the 25th anniversary of his service to Johann II, he was conferred with honorary citizenship
Honorary citizenship is a status bestowed by a city or other government on a foreign or native individual whom it considers to be especially admirable or otherwise worthy of the distinction. The honour usually is symbolic and does not confer an ...
of the Principality of Liechtenstein by the ''Landtag''.
Personal life and family
In der Maur enjoyed learning foreign languages and read Latin classics in his leisure. He was also fond of his work as a bureaucrat and head of government. In a report compiled for top government officials in 1890, he expressed disdain for low-level civil servants and private Liechtensteiner practitioners, reserving positive judgments for foreign noble officials, and asserted that peasants frequently had to be forced to accept "progress". He married Auguste von Kogerer, daughter of Heinrich Ritter von Kogerer
Heinrich Ritter von Kogerer (18 March 1819 – 20 November 1899) was an Austrian statesman who served as the Imperial and Royal Court Counselor and Director General of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
He was married to Julia Patonaz. His daughter, ...
, on 11 September 1883 in Vienna. Auguste gave birth on 15 August 1887 in Vaduz to their only son, Gilbert Heinrich Carl August von In der Maur auf Strelberg und zu Freifeld.
Death
In der Maur's health steadily declined as he aged. During a heated debate in the ''Landtag'' he suffered from a stroke, eventually dying on 11 December 1913 in Vaduz. A requiem mass was held on 15 December and he was interred in the crypt of St. Martin's Church in Gnadenwald
Gnadenwald is a municipality in the eastern part of the district Innsbruck country. The village consists of several hamlets and the church villages: St. Martin and St. Michael.
Population
Personalities
Gnadenwald was the birthplace of the Tyrol ...
, Innsbruck
Innsbruck (; bar, Innschbruck, label=Bavarian language, Austro-Bavarian ) is the capital of Tyrol (state), Tyrol and the List of cities and towns in Austria, fifth-largest city in Austria. On the Inn (river), River Inn, at its junction with the ...
.
Bibliography
In der Maur wrote numerous legal and historical essays during his lifetime,[ including:]
* ''Die Gründung des Fürstenthums Liechtenstein'' (1901)
* ''Feldmarschall Johann Fürst von Liechtenstein und seine Regierungszeit im Fürstentum'' (1905)
* ''Verfassung und Verwaltung im Fürstentum Liechtenstein'' (1907)
* ''Johann II. Fürst von Liechtenstein'' (1908)
Notes
Citations
References
*
*
*
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:In der Maur, Carl von
1852 births
1913 deaths
Austrian civil servants
Austrian untitled nobility
Austrian Roman Catholics
Austrian people of Swiss descent
Commanders of the Order of Franz Joseph
Government ministers of Liechtenstein
Heads of government of Liechtenstein
Carl Carl may refer to:
*Carl, Georgia, city in USA
*Carl, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
* Carl (name), includes info about the name, variations of the name, and a list of people with the name
*Carl², a TV series
* "Carl", an episode of te ...
People from Wiener Neustadt
People from Vaduz