Karl Rankl

Karl Rankl (1 October 1898 – 6 September 1968) was a British conductor and composer who was of Austrian birth. A pupil of the composers Schoenberg and Webern, he conducted at opera houses in Austria, Germany and Czechoslovakia until fleeing from the Nazis and taking refuge in England in 1939.

Rankl was appointed musical director of the newly formed Covent Garden Opera Company in 1946, and built it up from nothing to a level where it attracted some of the best known international opera singers as guest stars. By 1951, performances under guest conductors, such as Erich Kleiber and Sir Thomas Beecham were overshadowing Rankl's work, and he resigned. After five years as conductor of the Scottish National Orchestra, he was appointed musical director of the Elizabethan Theatre Trust's opera company, the forerunner of Opera Australia.

In his last years, Rankl concentrated on composing. Throughout his career he had written a series of symphonies and other works, including an opera. His symphonies were politely received, but did not enter the regular orchestral repertoire. The opera has never been performed.

Life and career

Early years

Rankl was born in Gaaden, near Vienna, the fourteenth child of a peasant couple.Obituary, ''The Times'', 7 September 1968, p. 10 He was educated in Vienna, and from 1918 studied composition there with Arnold Schoenberg and later with Anton Webern. With fellow students Hanns Eisler and Erwin Stein, Rankl arranged Bruckner's Symphony No 7 for Schoenberg's Society for Private Musical Performances in 1921, but the society closed down before it could be performed. Many years later, Rankl was invited by the composer to complete Schoenberg's oratorio ''Die Jakobsleiter'' but he declined the invitation.Heyworth, Peter. "The Fragments of a Giant", ''The Observer'', 25 June 1961, p. 23

Rankl's first professional post was as chorus master and répétiteur under Felix Weingartner at the Volksoper in Vienna in 1919, where he later became an assistant conductor.Tolansky, Jon
"Karl Rankl,"
''The Oxford Companion to Music'', Oxford Music Online, accessed 3 April 2011 In 1923 he married Adele Jahoda (1903–1963). Over the next few years he held appointments in Liberec in 1925, Königsberg in 1927 and the Kroll Oper in Berlin where he was assistant to Otto Klemperer from 1928 to 1931.Howes, Frank
"Rankl, Karl,"
'Grove Music Online'' Oxford Music Online, accessed 3 April 2011 At the Kroll, Rankl strongly supported Klemperer's policy of promoting new music and radical productions. He was appointed principal conductor of the opera at Wiesbaden in 1931, but when the Nazis came to power in 1933, he had to leave Germany; his wife was Jewish, and Rankl's politics were strongly hostile to the Nazis.Haltrecht, p. 80 He moved back to Austria to head the opera at Graz in 1933, and in 1937 he was appointed principal conductor of the Neues Deutsches Theater in Prague. In 1939, once again displaced by the Nazis, Rankl fled Prague, and with the help of Sir Adrian Boult, head of music at the BBC
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