Karl Vital Moor (11 December 1852 – 14 June 1932) was a

Swiss Swiss may refer to: * the adjectival form of Switzerland * Swiss people Places * Swiss, Missouri * Swiss, North Carolina *Swiss, West Virginia * Swiss, Wisconsin Other uses *Swiss-system tournament, in various games and sports *Swiss Internation ...

communist Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...

, and a channel for German financing of the 19th-century European Bolshevik movement. He was born in Fribourg, the illegitimate son of Swiss citizen Mary Moor, of

Vordemwald Vordemwald is a municipality in the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. Geography Vordemwald has an area, , of . Of this area, or 34.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 58.0% is forested. Of the rest of t ...

, and the Swiss aristocrat Ernest de Stoeklin, of Fribourg. Moor studied at universities in both Switzerland and Germany. In the 1870s his passion for the ideas of

socialism Socialism is a left-wing economic philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to private ownership. As a term, it describes the e ...

led him to take part in the work of the banned

Social Democratic Party of Germany The Social Democratic Party of Germany (german: Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, ; SPD, ) is a centre-left social democratic political party in Germany. It is one of the major parties of contemporary Germany. Saskia Esken has been the ...

. In the spring of 1881 he was expelled from Bavaria and moved to Basel. There he became one of the eminent functionaries of Swiss

social democracy Social democracy is a Political philosophy, political, Social philosophy, social, and economic philosophy within socialism that supports Democracy, political and economic democracy. As a policy regime, it is described by academics as advocati ...

. In 1889 he lived in

Bern german: Berner(in)french: Bernois(e) it, bernese , neighboring_municipalities = Bremgarten bei Bern, Frauenkappelen, Ittigen, Kirchlindach, Köniz, Mühleberg, Muri bei Bern, Neuenegg, Ostermundigen, Wohlen bei Bern, Zollikofen , website ...

, where he edited the social-democratic newspaper

Berner Tagwacht Berner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: *Berner (rapper), San Francisco rapper *Alexander Berner (born 1901), Swiss skeleton racer who competed in the late 1920s *Boel Berner (b. 1945), Swedish sociologist, historian, and edit ...

. During this period he provided assistance to many political exiles from Russia, as well as leaders of the Peoples' First Polish Socialist Party, "

Proletariat The proletariat (; ) is the social class of wage-earners, those members of a society whose only possession of significant economic value is their labour power (their capacity to work). A member of such a class is a proletarian. Marxist philo ...

," and the Bolsheviks-Lenintsev. 4 May 1917 Moor was a report in the MFA Germany, which reported that he had « «made probing a number of representatives of various groups of pacifist’s wing (in the Russians), the Socialists and they said that it would be very desirable that a systematic, intensive and effective campaigning in favor of peace would be maintained by someone of the well-known neutral comrades. After they were clear, and I would say, good willingness to accept financial support for it to work for peace, I said that for its part, would be happy to provide a substantial amount for such a noble, humane and international goals ». He further suggested the following principles: 1. Personality of sponsor guarantees that money will come from an unsuspected source 2. Sponsor or mediator should be provided with the entry into Russia with the money, 3. In order to implement an immediate allocation of funds necessary to have them in the form of cash, and the most appropriate form here would be the Swiss currency. As a result, in July 1917 of Moor was in Russia and supplied the Bolsheviks «loan» in the amount of 32,837 dollars, allegedly from the inheritance. In 1922, Moor with great difficulty made a partial return «loan». On 14 June 1932, Moor died in Berlin. It was clarified that he was a German

spy Espionage, spying, or intelligence gathering is the act of obtaining secret or confidential information (intelligence) from non-disclosed sources or divulging of the same without the permission of the holder of the information for a tangib ...

after

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

. His code name was "Bayer".

External links

Л. Г. Соболев. Русская революция и немецкое золото Ю.Фельштинский. Еще раз о немецких деньгах Юрий Фельштинский. Вожди в законе

Sources

* Haas L. Carl Vital Moor. 1852–1932. Ein Leben für Marx und Lenin. Zürish, 1970. * Schurer H. Karl Moor – German Agent and Friend of Lenin // The Journal of Contemporary History. 1970. Vol. 5. 2. * Dmitri Volkogonov. Lenin: A New Biography, Free Press, 1994 {{DEFAULTSORT:Moor, Karl Swiss communists Bolshevik finance German spies Double agents Swiss-German people 1853 births 1932 deaths People from Fribourg