Karl Vital Moor (11 December 1852 – 14 June 1932) was a Swiss communist, and a channel for German financing of the 19th-century European

Bolshevik The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...

movement. He was born in

Fribourg , neighboring_municipalities= Düdingen, Givisiez, Granges-Paccot, Marly, Pierrafortscha, Sankt Ursen, Tafers, Villars-sur-Glâne , twintowns = Rueil-Malmaison (France) , website = www.ville-fribourg.ch , Location of , Location of () () ...

, the illegitimate son of Swiss citizen Mary Moor, of

Vordemwald Vordemwald is a municipality in the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. Geography Vordemwald has an area, , of . Of this area, or 34.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 58.0% is forested. Of the rest of t ...

, and the Swiss aristocrat Ernest de Stoeklin, of

. Moor studied at universities in both Switzerland and Germany. In the 1870s his passion for the ideas of

socialism Socialism is a left-wing Economic ideology, economic philosophy and Political movement, movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to Private prop ...

led him to take part in the work of the banned Social Democratic Party of Germany. In the spring of 1881 he was expelled from

Bavaria Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total lan ...

and moved to

Basel , french: link=no, Bâlois(e), it, Basilese , neighboring_municipalities= Allschwil (BL), Hégenheim (FR-68), Binningen (BL), Birsfelden (BL), Bottmingen (BL), Huningue (FR-68), Münchenstein (BL), Muttenz (BL), Reinach (BL), Riehen (BS ...

. There he became one of the eminent functionaries of Swiss

social democracy Social democracy is a political, social, and economic philosophy within socialism that supports political and economic democracy. As a policy regime, it is described by academics as advocating economic and social interventions to promote s ...

. In 1889 he lived in Bern, where he edited the social-democratic newspaper Berner Tagwacht. During this period he provided assistance to many political exiles from Russia, as well as leaders of the Peoples' First

Polish Socialist Party The Polish Socialist Party ( pl, Polska Partia Socjalistyczna, PPS) is a socialist political party in Poland. It was one of the most important parties in Poland from its inception in 1892 until its merger with the communist Polish Workers' ...

, " Proletariat," and the Bolsheviks-Lenintsev. 4 May 1917 Moor was a report in the MFA Germany, which reported that he had « «made probing a number of representatives of various groups of pacifist’s wing (in the Russians), the Socialists and they said that it would be very desirable that a systematic, intensive and effective campaigning in favor of peace would be maintained by someone of the well-known neutral comrades. After they were clear, and I would say, good willingness to accept financial support for it to work for peace, I said that for its part, would be happy to provide a substantial amount for such a noble, humane and international goals ». He further suggested the following principles: 1. Personality of sponsor guarantees that money will come from an unsuspected source 2. Sponsor or mediator should be provided with the entry into Russia with the money, 3. In order to implement an immediate allocation of funds necessary to have them in the form of cash, and the most appropriate form here would be the Swiss currency. As a result, in July 1917 of Moor was in Russia and supplied the Bolsheviks «loan» in the amount of 32,837 dollars, allegedly from the inheritance. In 1922, Moor with great difficulty made a partial return «loan». On 14 June 1932, Moor died in Berlin. It was clarified that he was a German

spy Espionage, spying, or intelligence gathering is the act of obtaining secret or confidential information (intelligence) from non-disclosed sources or divulging of the same without the permission of the holder of the information for a tangib ...

after

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

. His code name was "Bayer".

External links

Л. Г. Соболев. Русская революция и немецкое золото Ю.Фельштинский. Еще раз о немецких деньгах Юрий Фельштинский. Вожди в законе

Sources

* Haas L. Carl Vital Moor. 1852–1932. Ein Leben für Marx und Lenin. Zürish, 1970. * Schurer H. Karl Moor – German Agent and Friend of Lenin // The Journal of Contemporary History. 1970. Vol. 5. 2. *

Dmitri Volkogonov Dmitri Antonovich Volkogonov (russian: Дми́трий Анто́нович Волкого́нов; 22 March 1928 – 6 December 1995) was a Soviet and Russian historian and colonel general who was head of the Soviet military's psychological warf ...

. Lenin: A New Biography, Free Press, 1994 {{DEFAULTSORT:Moor, Karl Swiss communists Bolshevik finance German spies Double agents Swiss-German people 1853 births 1932 deaths People from Fribourg