![KarlLudwigGiesecke](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/KarlLudwigGiesecke.PNG)
Carl Ludwig Giesecke
FRSE (6 April 1761 in
Augsburg
Augsburg (; bar , Augschburg , links=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swabian_German , label=Swabian German, , ) is a city in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany, around west of Bavarian capital Munich. It is a university town and regional seat of the ...
– 5 March 1833 in
Dublin
Dublin (; , or ) is the capital and largest city of Ireland. On a bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the province of Leinster, bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, a part of the Wicklow Mountains range. At the 2016 c ...
) was a German actor,
librettist
A libretto (Italian for "booklet") is the text used in, or intended for, an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, masque, oratorio, cantata or musical. The term ''libretto'' is also sometimes used to refer to the text of major litu ...
,
polar explorer
This list is for recognised pioneering explorers of the polar regions. It does not include subsequent travelers and expeditions.
Polar explorers
* Jameson Adams
* Stian Aker
* Valerian Albanov
* Roald Amundsen
* Salomon August Andrée
* Piotr ...
and
mineralogist
Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the proce ...
. In his youth he was called Johann Georg Metzler; in his later career in Ireland he was Sir Charles Lewis Giesecke. He is falsely accused of being the librettist of his friend
Mozart’s
The Magic Flute
''The Magic Flute'' (German: , ), K. 620, is an opera in two acts by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart to a German libretto by Emanuel Schikaneder. The work is in the form of a '' Singspiel'', a popular form during the time it was written that in ...
Early life
His father was Johann Georg Metzler, a Protestant who worked as a tailor in Augsburg. His mother was named Sibylla Magdalena Götz.
[Whittaker (2007, 149)] He attended the
Gymnasium in Augsburg,
[Honolka and Pauly (1990, 142)] and did well academically, as is known from the surviving remarks of his schoolmaster recommending him for university study.
He attended the
University of Göttingen
The University of Göttingen, officially the Georg August University of Göttingen, (german: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, known informally as Georgia Augusta) is a public research university in the city of Göttingen, Germany. Founded ...
from 1781 to 1784, studying law. He also developed a side interest in mineralogy, attending the lectures of the naturalist
Johann Friedrich Blumenbach
Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (11 May 1752 – 22 January 1840) was a German physician, naturalist, physiologist, and anthropologist. He is considered to be a main founder of zoology and anthropology as comparative, scientific disciplines. He ...
.
It was in 1781 that he took the
pseudonym
A pseudonym (; ) or alias () is a fictitious name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose, which differs from their original or true name (orthonym). This also differs from a new name that entirely or legally replaces an individua ...
by which he is now known. The name change was an effective cover for Giesecke's ancestry, which he always refused to discuss. Indeed, Giesecke's original name remained unknown to scholars until 1910, when the
Danish
Danish may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to the country of Denmark
People
* A national or citizen of Denmark, also called a "Dane," see Demographics of Denmark
* Culture of Denmark
* Danish people or Danes, people with a Danish a ...
geologist
A geologist is a scientist who studies the solid, liquid, and gaseous matter that constitutes Earth and other terrestrial planets, as well as the processes that shape them. Geologists usually study geology, earth science, or geophysics, althoug ...
K. J. V. Steenstrup discovered an 1810 letter from his sister to the Danish authorities enquiring about the welfare of her brother, then in Greenland;
the letter established Giesecke's relationship with the Augsburg Metzlers. Whittaker suggests that he chose "Giesecke" (also spelled "Gieseke") in admiration of the poet .
[Whittaker (2007, 150)]
His career in the theater
In 1784, he left the university to become an itinerant player, and worked in various theaters over a period of six years. In 1789, he became employed in the
Theater auf der Wieden
The Theater auf der Wieden, also called the Freihaus-Theater auf der Wieden or the Wiednertheater, was a theater located in the then-suburban Wieden district of Vienna in the late 18th century. It existed for only 14 years (1787–1801), but duri ...
in Vienna, then under the direction of
Johann Friedel.
When
Emanuel Schikaneder's troupe took over the theater as its new resident company later in the same year, Giesecke was one of the few players that Schikaneder retained.
As remembered by
Ignaz Castelli, Giesecke was not outstanding as an actor; he "has no distinct speciality and plays whatever roles come his way." His value to the Schikaneder company was more as a stage manager and especially as a writer and poet.
According to Buch, there were three house writers in the company: Schikaneder himself, his wife
Eleonore Schikaneder, and Giesecke.
![Hüon und Amande by Sophie Seyler](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/H%C3%BCon_und_Amande_by_Sophie_Seyler.png)
Giesecke achieved an early success with his adapted version of
Sophie Seyler
Friederike Sophie Seyler (1738, Dresden – 22 November 1789, Schleswig; née Sparmann, formerly married Hensel) was a German actress, playwright and librettist. Alongside Friederike Caroline Neuber, she was widely considered Germany's greatest ...
's ''
Hüon und Amande'', based on
an earlier work by
Christoph Martin Wieland and set to music by
Paul Wranitzky
Paul Wranitzky (Czech: Pavel Vranický, 30 December 1756 – 29 September 1808) was a Moravian-Austrian classical composer. His half brother, Antonín, was also a composer.
Life
Wranitzky was born in Neureisch ( Nová Říše) in Habsburg Mora ...
. This was the first opera performed by Schikaneder's troupe at their new theater, and established a tradition within the company of fairy-tale operas that was to culminate two years later in
Mozart's celebrated opera ''
The Magic Flute
''The Magic Flute'' (German: , ), K. 620, is an opera in two acts by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart to a German libretto by Emanuel Schikaneder. The work is in the form of a '' Singspiel'', a popular form during the time it was written that in ...
''.
[Buch 2008, 293)] ''Oberon'' is similar to ''The Magic Flute'' in its plot and characters, and a number of the singers who participated in ''Oberon'' took similar roles in the later opera.
As Giesecke had not acknowledged his debt to Sophie Seyler, he came under criticism for
plagiarism. According to
Peter Branscombe, "it has long been recognized that Giesecke, the named author of Wranitzky's libretto, deserves little credit for what is largely a plagiarism," concluding that "Giesecke's ''Oberon, König der Elfen'' is hardly more than a mild revision of Seyler's book."
In later work, Giesecke translated the Italian libretti of Mozart's operas ''
Le nozze di Figaro
''The Marriage of Figaro'' ( it, Le nozze di Figaro, links=no, ), K. 492, is a ''commedia per musica'' (opera buffa) in four acts composed in 1786 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, with an Italian libretto written by Lorenzo Da Ponte. It premie ...
'' (1793) and ''
Così fan tutte'' (1794) into German. In total he was to write libretti for more than fifteen operas by various composers between 1789 and 1800; see listing below.
As an actor, Giesecke is remembered for having been in the cast for the premiere (30 September 1791) of ''The Magic Flute''. He played the mostly speaking role of the First Slave. Later in life, he was said to have claimed to be the author of the opera's
libretto, which is usually attributed to Emanuel Schikaneder; see discussion below.
During his Vienna years, Giesecke became a
Freemason, joining "Zur gekrönten Hoffnung", the same lodge as Mozart.
He is believed to have been the librettist for the "Freimaurerkantate" ''Laut verkünde unsre Freude'',
KV 623 (1791), a work written for and performed at a Masonic celebration just as Mozart's final illness was setting in (see
Death of Mozart
On 5 December 1791, the composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart died at his home in Vienna, Austria at the age of 35. The circumstances of his death have attracted much research and speculation.
The principal sources of contention are: (1) Whether Moza ...
). The head of Giesecke's lodge was
Ignaz von Born
Ignaz Edler von Born, also known as Ignatius von Born ( hu, Born Ignác, ro, Ignațiu von Born, cs, Ignác Born) (26 December 1742 in Alba Iulia, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Habsburg monarchy – 24 July 1791 in Vienna), was a miner ...
, a distinguished scientist who specializations included mineralogy. Other eminent mineralogists were also members of the lodge and Giesecke's membership evidently rekindled his interest in the subject.
When Giesecke ultimately departed from Vienna (1800), he did so under a shadow and perhaps in a hurry, as surviving court records show proceedings against him for non-payment of a year's rent. Personal effects he left behind were sold in 1801 to help cover this debt.
As mineralogist
The departure from Vienna coincided with a major career shift: Giesecke abandoned the theater and switched to mineralogy and mineral trading. In 1801, he studied for some time with
Abraham Gottlob Werner
Abraham Gottlob Werner (; 25 September 174930 June 1817) was a German geologist who set out an early theory about the stratification of the Earth's crust and propounded a history of the Earth that came to be known as Neptunism. While most tenet ...
at the
Bergakademie in
Freiberg
Freiberg is a university and former mining town in Saxony, Germany. It is a so-called ''Große Kreisstadt'' (large county town) and the administrative centre of Mittelsachsen district.
Its historic town centre has been placed under heritage c ...
.
[Sweet (1974, 27)] Later, under the title of Royal Prussian Mine Counsellor (Königlicher Preussischer Bergrat), he conducted surveys in Sweden from 1803 until 1804 and in Norway in 1805. Eventually he settled in Copenhagen, where he worked as a mineral dealer, collector, and tutor.
He obtained approval from the Danish king
Christian VII
Christian VII (29 January 1749 – 13 March 1808) was a monarch of the House of Oldenburg who was King of Denmark–Norway and Duke of Duchy of Schleswig, Schleswig and Duchy of Holstein, Holstein from 1766 until his death in 1808. For his motto ...
to explore the geology of the
Faroe Islands
The Faroe Islands ( ), or simply the Faroes ( fo, Føroyar ; da, Færøerne ), are a North Atlantic island group and an autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Denmark.
They are located north-northwest of Scotland, and about halfway bet ...
, which he visited in 1805, and
Greenland
Greenland ( kl, Kalaallit Nunaat, ; da, Grønland, ) is an island country in North America that is part of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Greenland i ...
; the latter journey began in 1806. Giesecke established friendly relations with the Eskimo inhabitants
[Mirsky (1998, 224)] and learned to travel in the
umiak
The umiak, umialak, umiaq, umiac, oomiac, oomiak, ongiuk, or anyak is a type of open skin boat, used by both Yupik and Inuit, and was originally found in all coastal areas from Siberia to Greenland. First arising in Thule times, it has tradition ...
, the vessel used by the Eskimo women.
He explored much of the coastline in this way. According to Mirsky, Giesecke "was frugal and spent his time 'hewing and cleaving stones from morning to nightfall.'"
Scientifically, the journey was a success; his investigations laid the foundation for Greenlandic mineralogy.
[ However, it met with many difficulties, including the harsh Greenland winters and illness. Many of Giesecke's troubles resulted from the ]Napoleonic wars
The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major global conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European states formed into various coalitions. It produced a period of Fren ...
, which reached their climax during his stay. Back home in Copenhagen, Giesecke's existing collections were destroyed when the British fleet bombarded the city. In 1806, Giesecke shipped a large collection of materials aboard the Danish ship ''Freuhlin'', headed for Copenhagen. The ship was taken as a prize of war
A prize of war is a piece of enemy property or land seized by a belligerent party during or after a war or battle, typically at sea. This term was used nearly exclusively in terms of captured ships during the 18th and 19th centuries. Basis in inte ...
by the Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against ...
, and the collection auctioned off in Edinburgh in 1808.
Another consequence of the war was that Giesecke's stay in Greenland, originally planned for only two years, was extended to seven: the British had captured the Danish fleet and Giesecke was unable to get home. His eventual return to Europe in August 1813 was picturesque; according to Dent "he landed at Hull, looking probably rather like Papageno
''The Magic Flute'' (German: , ), K. 620, is an opera in two acts by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart to a German libretto by Emanuel Schikaneder. The work is in the form of a '' Singspiel'', a popular form during the time it was written that inc ...
, for his European clothes had worn out, and he was dressed as an Eskimo in fur and feathers."[Dent (1913, 352)]
The loss of the 1806 shipment was perhaps a blessing in disguise since it ultimately enhanced Giesecke's reputation in Britain. The collection was examined by the mineralogist Robert Jameson
Robert Jameson
Robert Jameson FRS FRSE (11 July 1774 – 19 April 1854) was a Scottish naturalist and mineralogist.
As Regius Professor of Natural History at the University of Edinburgh for fifty years, developing his predecessor John ...
, who, unaware of its provenance, concluded it was worthless. Ninian Imrie
Lieutenant-Colonel Ninian Imrie of Denmuir (died 1820) was a Scottish army officer and geologist. He gave the first wholly geological description of the Rock of Gibraltar. He stirred the Plutonist versus Neptunist debate during the Scottish ...
and Thomas Allan suspected that a white mineral in the collection was the rare cryolite
Cryolite ( Na3 Al F6, sodium hexafluoroaluminate) is an uncommon mineral identified with the once-large deposit at Ivittuut on the west coast of Greenland, mined commercially until 1987.
History
Cryolite was first described in 1798 by Danish vete ...
and bought the lot. However, it was only when Morten Wormskjold was detained in Edinburgh on his way to Greenland in 1812 that he could identify the collector as Giesecke and the provenance as Greenland. Another mineral in the collection was later named allanite
Allanite (also called orthite) is a sorosilicate group of minerals within the broader epidote group that contain a significant amount of rare-earth elements. The mineral occurs mainly in metamorphosed clay-rich sediments and felsic igneous rock ...
after Thomas Allan. Thus the value of the collection was ultimately recognized prior to Giesecke's return to Europe.
Researches in Greenland other than in mineralogy
Giesecke's travels up and down the coast of Greenland proved important from the perspective of geography. On his return he was consulted by mariners such as John Franklin
Sir John Franklin (16 April 1786 – 11 June 1847) was a British Royal Navy officer and Arctic explorer. After serving in wars against Napoleonic France and the United States, he led two expeditions into the Canadian Arctic and through t ...
and William Scoresby
William Scoresby (5 October 178921 March 1857) was an English whaler, Arctic explorer, scientist and clergyman.
Early years
Scoresby was born in the village of Cropton near Pickering south-west of Whitby in Yorkshire. His father, William ...
, who played a role in the eventual discovery of the Northwest Passage
The Northwest Passage (NWP) is the sea route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans through the Arctic Ocean, along the northern coast of North America via waterways through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The eastern route along the Arc ...
, the famously elusive sea route around the northern edge of North America.
He also collected botanical
Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek wo ...
specimens. These included some bryophyte
The Bryophyta s.l. are a proposed taxonomic division containing three groups of non-vascular land plants (embryophytes): the liverworts, hornworts and mosses. Bryophyta s.s. consists of the mosses only. They are characteristically limited in s ...
species growing on rocks. Giesecke collected specimens of the Greenland
Greenland ( kl, Kalaallit Nunaat, ; da, Grønland, ) is an island country in North America that is part of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Greenland i ...
ic bellflower, which he found deviated much from the European forms, and sent them to the botanist Lorenz Chrysanth von Vest
Lorenz Chrysanth Edler von Vest (18 November 1776, in Klagenfurt – 15 December 1840, in Graz) was an Austrian physician and botanist.
He studied medicine in Vienna and at the University of Freiburg
The University of Freiburg (colloquiall ...
. The latter established a new species and named it '' Campanula gieseckiana'' to the honour of Giesecke. The new species was formally published by Roemer and Schultes in the 16th edition of Linnaeus' ''Systema Vegetabilium''.
Lastly, Giesecke contributed to the ethnography and human history of Greenland through his observations of the Eskimos and of the extinct Viking settlements there.
A number of places in Greenland are named for him, e.g. ''Giesecke Dal'' on Disko Island
Disko Island ( kl, Qeqertarsuaq, da, Diskoøen) is a large island in Baffin Bay, off the west coast of Greenland. It has an area of ,[Upernavik
Upernavik (Kalaallisut: "Springtime Place") is a small town in the Avannaata municipality in northwestern Greenland, located on a small island of the same name. With 1,092 inhabitants as of 2020, it is the twelfth-largest town in Greenland. It c ...](_blank ...<br></span></div>, ''Giesecke Isfjord'' near <div class=)
and lake ''Gieseckes Sø'' close to Kangerlussuaq
Kangerlussuaq (; ; da, Søndre Strømfjord), is a settlement in western Greenland in the Qeqqata municipality located at the head of the fjord of the same name. It is Greenland's main air transport hub and the site of Greenland's largest commer ...
.
Professor in Dublin
On his return from Greenland Giesecke was lacking not only European clothing but also money and a source of income. But his scientific accomplishments were to produce a major shift in his fortunes. Thomas Allan had already recognized the importance of Giesecke's collections, and he invited Giesecke to stay with him in his home in a fashionable district of Edinburgh
Edinburgh ( ; gd, Dùn Èideann ) is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 council areas. Historically part of the county of Midlothian (interchangeably Edinburghshire before 1921), it is located in Lothian on the southern shore of t ...
. It was at this time that Giesecke's portrait (shown above) was painted by the famous portraitist Henry Raeburn
Sir Henry Raeburn (; 4 March 1756 – 8 July 1823) was a Scottish portrait painter. He served as Portrait Painter to King George IV in Scotland.
Biography
Raeburn was born the son of a manufacturer in Stockbridge, on the Water of Leith: a f ...
. After a few weeks, Allan encouraged Giesecke to apply for a new Professorship of Mineralogy in the Royal Dublin Society. Despite serious competition, Giesecke won the appointment and took up the position in 1813.
At the outset of his appointment he knew no English, but his gift for languages enabled him to make up for this lack through quick study; he eventually published extensively in English. Giesecke continued reporting his earlier investigations and other writings. In the same year 1814 he was admitted to the Order of the Dannebrog by King Frederick VI of Denmark; henceforth in Ireland he styled himself "Sir Charles Lewis Giesecke," so indicating the Danish honour, and using the English versions of German "Carl" and "Ludwig".
The late Vienna journey and the ''Magic Flute'' authorship controversy
In 1817, Giesecke obtained leave of absence from his position and embarked on a long journey. He first visited Copenhagen in order to deal with business unfinished following his departure there for Greenland 11 years earlier.[Berry (1915, 166)] While there he fell ill, and "his life was despaired of" (Berry). He recovered, however, and continued onward to his birthplace of Augsburg, and eventually back to his old haunts in Vienna, with stops in various German cities on the way.
The main purpose of Giesecke's Vienna journey was to donate a collection of mineralogical specimens to the Emperor of Austria
The Emperor of Austria (german: Kaiser von Österreich) was the ruler of the Austrian Empire and later the Austro-Hungarian Empire. A hereditary imperial title and office proclaimed in 1804 by Holy Roman Emperor Francis II, a member of the Hou ...
, Francis I. While there, he encountered old acquaintances from the theater. The tenor and opera manager Julius Cornet was present at such an encounter ( Ignaz Seyfried, an old member of the Schikaneder troupe, was also there). Cornet wrote—three decades later, in 1849—the following:
On this occasion we discovered a lot about old times; amongst other things we learnt to see in him (who at that time had belonged to the prohibited order of freemasons) the real author of ''The Magic Flute'' (which moreover Seyfried already suspected.) I'm relating all this according to his own statement which we had no reason to doubt. ... Many thought that the prompter Helmböck had collaborated with Schikaneder. But Giesecke corrected us on this point too; only the figure of Papageno and the latter’s counterpart Papagena did he attribute to Schikaneder.''
Elsewhere Cornet wrote:
And above all the truly German Magic Flute by Schikaneder and Giesecke, a member of the chorus who made the plan of the plot, the division of the scenes and the well known simple ('naïve') rhymes for him.
Subsequent scholarship has involved extensive disagreement about whether to believe Cornet, ranging from wholehearted endorsement of his report to utter rejection of it accompanied by aspersions on Giesecke's character. Certainly Mozart's own testimony does not support the Giesecke theory; in the catalogue that Mozart kept of his own works he entered ''The Magic Flute'' as "A German opera in two acts. By Emanuel Schikaneder." However, there is also a reasonable possibility that Giesecke was an unacknowledged collaborator with Schikaneder; the troupe frequently practiced coauthorship as a means of speeding the creation of new works.
Giesecke returned to Dublin in the late summer of 1819 and resumed his duties as professor.
Fieldwork in Ireland
During the 1820s Giesecke embarked on field trips in rural Ireland for the purpose of mineralogical research: 1825 (Galway, Mayo, the island of Achill), 1826 (Donegal), and 1828 (Londonderry, Antrim, Tyrone, Down); see Works, below.
Death
Giesecke remained in his post in Dublin and lived to the age of 72. His demise was sudden; according to Dent, "on March 5, 1833, though in failing health, he went out to dine with a friend in Dublin; after dinner, as they were sitting over their wine, he fell back in his chair and died."[Dent (1913, 355)] The RDS museum in Leinster House closed for two weeks as a mark of respect.
Giesecke never married and apparently left no children. He is buried in St. George's Church, Cemetery on Whitworth Road, Dublin.
Assessment
Giesecke's posthumous reputation appears to rest more on his scientific contributions than his work in the theater. His collections can now be found in many museums in Europe. Part of them was given to the state of Austria directly by Giesecke. They are now at the Ethnological Museum of Berlin
The Ethnological Museum of Berlin (german: Ethnologisches Museum Berlin) is one of the Berlin State Museums (german: Staatliche Museen zu Berlin), the de facto national collection of the Federal Republic of Germany. It is presently located in ...
. Other parts are kept in Copenhagen.
Works
Theatrical
The '' Grove Dictionary of Opera'' gives the following list of Giesecke's theatrical writings:['' Grove Dictionary of Opera'', online edition, article "Gieseke, Johann Georg Carl Ludwig". The article is written by Thomas Bauman.]
*(1789) '' Oberon, König der Elfen'' ( Singspiel), Paul Wranitzky
Paul Wranitzky (Czech: Pavel Vranický, 30 December 1756 – 29 September 1808) was a Moravian-Austrian classical composer. His half brother, Antonín, was also a composer.
Life
Wranitzky was born in Neureisch ( Nová Říše) in Habsburg Mora ...
(an adapted version or plagiarism of '' Hüon und Amande'' by Sophie Seyler
Friederike Sophie Seyler (1738, Dresden – 22 November 1789, Schleswig; née Sparmann, formerly married Hensel) was a German actress, playwright and librettist. Alongside Friederike Caroline Neuber, she was widely considered Germany's greatest ...
)
*(1791) ''Die Wiener Zeitung'' (Singspiel), Franz Xaver Gerl and Benedikt Schack
*(1792) ''Das Schlaraffenland'' (Singspiel), Gerl and Schack
*(1794) ''Der travestirte Hamlet'' (play), Vincenc Tuček
*(1795) ''Idris und Zenide'', Franz Xaver Süssmayr
Franz Xaver Süssmayr (German: ''Franz Xaver Süßmayr'', or ''Suessmayr'' in English; 1766 – September 17, 1803) was an Austrian composer and conductor. Popular in his day, he is now known primarily as the composer who completed Wolfgang Amad ...
*(1796) ''Die zwölf schlafenden Jungfrauen'' ("The Twelve Sleeping Maids", play with songs), Matthäus Stegmayer
*(1796) ''Uriels Glöcklein'', Stegmayer
*(1796) ''Die Belagerung von Cythère'' ("The Siege of Cythera"), translation of Cythère assiégée by Christoph Willibald Gluck, with additions by Franz Anton Hoffmeister
Franz Anton Hoffmeister (12 May 1754 – 9 February 1812) was an Austrian composer and History of music publishing, music publisher.
Early years
Franz Anton Hoffmeister was born in Rottenburg am Neckar (Further Austria) on 12 May 1754. At ...
*(1798) ''Amadis, der fahrende Ritter von Gallien'', G. Stenzerl
*(1798) ''Agnes Bernauerin'' (burlesque), Ignaz von Seyfried
Ignaz Xaver, Ritter von Seyfried (15 August 1776 – 27 August 1841) was an Austrian musician, conductor and composer. He was born and died in Vienna. According to a statement in his handwritten memoirs he was a pupil of both Wolfgang Amadeus M ...
*(1799) ''Die Pfaueninsel'' ("The island of peacocks"), Seyfried and Stegmayer
*(1799) ''Der travestierte Aeneas'' (farce), Seyfried and Stegmayer
*(1800) ''Aeneas in der Hölle'' (travesty), Stegmayer
*(1801) ''Die Sonnenjungfrau'' (travesty), Seyfried and Stegmayer
Scientific
*(1819) ''On the temporary residences of the Greenlanders during the winter season and on the population of north and south Greenland.'' Edinburgh: A. Constable.
*(1822) On Cryolite; a Fragment of a Journal. ''Edinburgh Philosophical Journal'' 6: 141–4.
*(1823) On the mineralogy of Disco Island. ''Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh'', 9: 263–272.
*(1824) On the Norwegian settlements on the eastern coast of Greenland, or Osterbygd, and their situation. ''Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy'' 14: 47–56.
*(1826) ''Account of a mineralogical excursion to the county of Donegal''. Dublin: Royal Dublin Society.
*(1828) ''Second account of a mineralogical excursion to the counties of Donegal, Mayo, and Galway''. Dublin: Royal Dublin Society.
*(1829) ''Account of a mineralogical excursion to the county of Antrim''. Dublin: Royal Dublin Society.
*(1832) ''A descriptive catalogue of a new collection of materials in the museum of Royal Dublin Society. To which is added an Irish mineralogy''. Dublin: Royal Dublin Society.
*(1861) ''Catalogue of a geological and geographical collection of minerals from the arctic regions from Cape Farewell to Baffin's Bay, lat. 59⁰ 14ʹ N., to 76⁰ 32ʹ N.''. Dublin : McGlashan & Gill.
*(1878) ''Gieseckes Mineralogiske rejse i Grønland, ved F. Johnstrup. Med et tillæg om de grønlandske stednavnes retskrivning og etymologi af H. Rink.'' Edition: Hermed 3 kaart. Kjøbenhavn : B. Lunos bogtrykkerei.
*(1910) Bericht einer mineralogischen Reise in Groenland. ("Report on a mineralogical journey in Greenland") ''Meddelelser om Grønland'' 35: 1–478.
References
Bibliography
* Abert, Hermann (2007
''W. A. Mozart''
(translated by Stewart Spencer with new notes by Cliff Eisen Cliff Eisen (born 21 January 1952 in Toronto) is a Canadian musicologist and a Mozart expert. He was based in the Department of Music at King's College London. He studied at the University of Toronto and at Cornell University, and has taught at th ...
). Yale University Press. .
*Batley, E. M. (1965) Emanuel Schikaneder: the librettist of 'Die Zauberflöte'. ''Music & Letters
''Music & Letters'' is an academic journal published quarterly by Oxford University Press with a focus on musicology. The journal sponsors the Music & Letters Trust, twice-yearly cash awards of variable amounts to support research in the music fie ...
'' 46: 231–236.
*Berry, Henry Fitz-Patrick (1915) ''A history of the Royal Dublin society''. Longmans, Green and Co.
* Buch, David (ed.) (2007
''Der Stein der Weisen''
Volume 76 of ''Recent researches in the music of the Classical Era''. A-R Editions, Inc. .
*Buch, David (2008
''Magic flutes & enchanted forests: the supernatural in eighteenth-century musical theater''
University of Chicago Press. .
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Mladen Dolar (born 29 January 1951) is a Slovene philosopher, psychoanalyst, cultural theorist and film critic.
Dolar was born in Maribor as the son of the literary critic Jaro Dolar. In 1978 he graduated in Philosophy and French language at ...
(2002
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Giesecke, Karl Ludwig
19th-century German geologists
19th-century German botanists
Botanists active in the Arctic
People associated with the National Museum of Ireland
18th-century German male actors
German male stage actors
German expatriates in Ireland
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's librettists
The Magic Flute
1761 births
1833 deaths
Giesecke, Sir Charles Lewis(Karl Ludwig)