Karl Ernst Bürger (April 11, 1866 – September 3, 1936)Bürger's short biography until 1897 is printed in ''Jahresbericht über das Herzogliche Gymnasium zu Blankenburg am Harz. Ostern 1896 bis Ostern 1897.'' Blankenburg am Harz: Verlag von Otto Kircher 1897. . The year of Bürger's retirement from the Gymnasium in Blankenburg, 1927, is provided by Ernst Witte: ''Das Gymnasium zu Blankenburg am Harz. Von seinen Anfängen bis zum Ausbruch des Weltkrieges.'' Festschrift zur Erinnerungsfeier des Gymnasiums am 24. und 25. September 1927, Blankenburg am Harz: Verlag von Otto Kircher 1927, p. 155. was a German classical scholar of the late 19th century, who made significant contributions to the critical study of the Ancient Greek and Roman Novel, thereby helping to establish the field as a major area of study within Classical Philology.
Biography
Bürger was born at Seitsch in the former Prussian province of Silesia (German: Schlesien; since 1945 a part of Poland), near the border of Posen. His Protestant father Oscar Bürger was an economic inspector and his mother Maria of the Willenberg family. From 1878 to 1883 he attended Grammar school in Glogau. At the age of 17 he moved to Berlin to be enrolled at the University of Berlin, then a stronghold of source-critical historicism and philology, where he studied classical philology and ancient history from 1883 to 1887. Among his notable professors in philology were
Ernst Maass Ernst Maass (12 April 1856, in Kolberg – 11 November 1929, in Marburg) was a German classical philologist.
From 1875 he studied at the universities of Tübingen and Greifswald, receiving his doctorate in 1879 as a student of Ulrich von Wila ...
Elimar Klebs
Elimar Klebs (15 October 1852 – 16 May 1918) was a German historian of ancient history. He was the brother of botanist Georg Klebs.
Biography
Klebs was born in Braunsberg (Braniewo), Prussia. He studied in Berlin under Theodor Mommsen a ...
,
Hans Droysen
Hans may refer to:
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* Hans (name), a masculine given name
* Hans Raj Hans, Indian singer and politician
** Navraj Hans, Indian singer, actor, entrepreneur, cricket player and performer, son of Hans Raj Hans
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, and Ulrich Köhler. After receiving his Dr. phil. degree, Bürger made a career as a teacher in the grammar schools of Berlin, until 1892, when he was called to serve as the private teacher of Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia, the youngest son of Prince Albert of Prussia, regent of The Duchy of Brunswick. In the spring of 1896 he took up a teaching position at the Gymnasium of Blankenburg (Harz), where he was to spend most of his career as 'Oberlehrer' (head-teacher). He retired in the spring of 1927, and died in
Blankenburg Blankenburg may refer to:
Places
* Blankenburg am Harz, a German town in the district of Harz, Saxony-Anhalt
* Blankenburg Castle (Harz), the castle in Blankenburg am Harz (see above)
* Bad Blankenburg, a German town in the Saalfeld-Rudolstadt dis ...
1936 after suffering a stroke.
Bürger's major scholarly achievement was to disprove the hypothesis that there was a radical difference between the Greek and the Roman novels of antiquity, a difference that corresponded to the different national characters of the Greeks and the Romans. This hypothesis was much favored at the time in the writings of leading philologists such as
Mommsen
Mommsen is a surname, and may refer to one of a family of German historians, see Mommsen family:
* Theodor Mommsen (1817–1903), classical scholar, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature
* Hans Mommsen (1930–2015), historian known for arguing ...
and
Rohde Rohde is a surname, and may refer to:
* Brigitte Rohde (born 1954), East-German athlete
* David S. Rohde (born 1967), American journalist
* David W. Rohde (born 1944), American political scientist
* Dennis Rohde (born 1986), German politician
* Edu ...
. Bürger achieved this by demonstrating the close literary-historical and structural affinity of the two extant Roman novels of Apuleius and
Petronius
Gaius Petronius Arbiter"Gaius Petronius Arbiter" ''Milesian Tales'' of Aristides of Miletus (2nd century BCE). This established that the specific type of ancient novel, commonly associated with the Romans, was originally just as Greek as the Ancient Greek Romance."It is now agreed on all sides that Apuleius based his ''Metamorphoses'' on a Greek work by the same title, which Photius (Bibl. 129) describes as resembling the Lucianic Λούκιος ἢ ὄνος word for word except for its greater fullness. Both extant versions, the Apuleian and the Lucianic are derived independently from this lost Greek original, the "Ovos being a mere abridgment of the same, and the Latin ''Metamorphoses'' abundantly and fancifully interpolate". "The truth of this proposition was demonstrated fully for the first time by Karl Burger in his dissertation, ''De Lucio Patrensi'' (1887)." Ben Edwin Perry (1926) "An Interpretation of Apuleius' Metamorphoses", ''TPAPhA'' 57, 7, pp. 238-260; p. 238, with n. 2.As for Bürger's contribution to Petronian studies and his deconstruction of the nationalistic reading of Petronius by Mommsen and others, see Gottskálk Jensson (2004) ''The Recollections of Encolpius. The ''Satyrica'' of Petronius as Milesian Fiction'' (Groningen), pp. 245-301; and Stephen Harrison (1998) "The Milesian Tales and the Roman Novel", ''Groningen Colloquia on the Novel'' 9, pp. 61-73. In his Dr. phil. dissertation from 1887 on the vexed subject of the Greek background of Apuleius' ''Metamorphoses'', better known as '' The Golden Ass'', Bürger demonstrated for the first time that Apuleius adapted his Roman novel – with some fanciful interpolations of his own – from a Greek original of the same title, preserved in abridged form in the Ancient Greek tale ''Loukios or the Ass'' that is found among the works of
Lucian
Lucian of Samosata, '; la, Lucianus Samosatensis ( 125 – after 180) was a Hellenized Syrian satirist, rhetorician and pamphleteer
Pamphleteer is a historical term for someone who creates or distributes pamphlets, unbound (and therefore ...
.
Bürger never advanced to the rank of professor at a German university and his scholarly works were relatively limited in number compared to many of the great philologists of his time, but the few studies that he published have proven to be of enduring value for the study of the Ancient Novel.
Works
* 1887 Dr.phil. dissertation, ''De Lucio Patrensi sive de ratione inter Asinum q. f. Lucianeum Apuleique Metamorphoses intercedente'' Available online at archive.org written in Latin.
* 1888 "Zu Apuleius", ''Hermes'' 23, pp. 489–498.
* 1892 "Zu Xenophon von Ephesus", ''Hermes'' 27, pp. 36–67.
* 1892 "Der antike Roman vor Petronius", ''Hermes'' 27, pp. 345–458.
* 1902 ''Studien zur geschichte des griechischen romans'', Vol. 1 (''Der Lukiosroman und seine litteraturgeschichtliche Bedautung'') Available online at archive.org * 1903 ''Studien zur geschichte des griechischen romans'', Vol. 2 (''Die litteraturgeschiclitliche Stellung des Antonius Diogenes und der historia Apollonii Available online at archive.org * Bürger also published articles and Reviews in ''Globus'' and ''Berliner Philologischen Wochenschrift''.
Bibliography
* Bürger, Karl (1887) ''De Lucio Patrensi sive de ratione inter Asinum q. f. Lucianeum Apuleique Metamorphoses intercedente''. Vita at the end Available online at archive.org * Bürger, Karl (1892) "Der antike Roman vor Petronius", ''Hermes'' 27, pp. 345-458
* ''Jahresbericht über das Herzogliche Gymnasium zu Blankenburg am Harz. Ostern 1896 bis Ostern 1897'' (Blankenburg am Harz: Verlag von Otto Kircher, 1897), p. 8.
* Jensson, Gottskálk (2004) ''The Recollections of Encolpius. The ''Satyrica'' of Petronius as Milesian Fiction'' (Groningen), pp. 245-301.
* Perry, Ben Edwin (1926) "An Interpretation of Apuleius' Metamorphoses", ''TPAPhA'' 57, 7, pp. 238-260; p. 238, with n. 2.
* Witte, Ernst ''Das Gymnasium zu Blankenburg am Harz. Von seinen Anfängen bis zum Ausbruch des Weltkrieges.'' Festschrift zur Erinnerungsfeier des Gymnasiums am 24. und 25. September 1927, Blankenburg am Harz: Verlag von Otto Kircher 1927, p. 155.