Karl Bernhard Lehmann (27 September 1858 – 30 January 1940) was a German hygienist and

bacteriologist A bacteriologist is a microbiologist, or similarly trained professional, in bacteriology -- a subdivision of microbiology that studies bacteria, typically pathogenic ones. Bacteriologists are interested in studying and learning about bacteria, ...

born in Zurich. He was a brother to

publisher Publishing is the activity of making information, literature, music, software and other content available to the public for sale or for free. Traditionally, the term refers to the creation and distribution of printed works, such as books, newsp ...

Julius Friedrich Lehmann (1864–1935). Lehmann studied medicine at the

University of Munich The Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (simply University of Munich or LMU; german: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) is a public research university in Munich, Germany. It is Germany's sixth-oldest university in continuous operatio ...

, where one of his instructors was

Max von Pettenkofer Max Joseph Pettenkofer, ennobled in 1883 as Max Joseph von Pettenkofer (3 December 1818 – 10 February 1901) was a Bavarian chemist and hygienist. He is known for his work in practical hygiene, as an apostle of good water, fresh air and proper ...

(1818–1901). In 1886, he received his habilitation, and from 1894 to 1932 was a full professor of

hygiene Hygiene is a series of practices performed to preserve health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases." Personal hygiene refer ...

at the

University of Würzburg The Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg (also referred to as the University of Würzburg, in German ''Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg'') is a public research university in Würzburg, Germany. The University of Würzburg is one of ...

(emeritus 1932).Lehmann, Karl Bernhard
Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Band 14, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1985, , S. 71 f. He is remembered for pioneer

toxicological Toxicology is a scientific discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine, that involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms and the practice of diagnosing and treating expo ...

research he performed with Ferdinand Flury (1877–1947), of which the exposure limits of various substances encountered in the workplace were tested and defined. Their research formed a basis of what would later be known as MAK values (''Maximale Arbeitsplatz-Konzentration'') in Germany. In the field of microbiology he was co-author with Rudolf Otto Neumann (1868–1952) of ''Atlas und Grundriss der Bakteriologie und Lehrbuch der speziellen bakteriologischen Diagnostik'', a manual/textbook which over several editions described a number of new bacterial species.

Written works

* ''Atlas und Grundriss der Bakteriologie und Lehrbuch der speziellen bakteriologischen Diagnostik'' (Edition 1: Munich- 1896, from Edition 7- 1926-27: ''Bakteriologie, insbesondere bakteriologische Diagnostik''); (with Rudolf Otto Neumann) - Atlas and principles of bacteriology and textbook of special bacteriologic diagnosis. * ''Zur Psychologie und Hygiene der Genussmittel'' Würzburg, 1912 * ''Gutachten des Reichs-Gesundheitsrats, betreffend die Abwässerbeseitigung der Stadt Offenbach a. Main'' Berlin, 1913 - Opinion of the Reich Health Council, relating to sewage disposal in the city of Offenbach am Main. * ''Die Bedeutung der Chromate für die Gesundheit der Arbeiter'' Berlin, 1914 - The significance of chromate to the health of workers. * ''Kurzes Lehrbuch der Arbeits- und Gewerbehygiene'' Leipzig, 1919 - Short textbook of occupational and

industrial hygiene Occupational hygiene (United States: industrial hygiene (IH)) is the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, control, and confirmation (ARECC) of protection from hazards at work that may result in injury, illness, or affect the well being of work ...

. * ''Die deutsche Bleifarbenindustrie vom Standpunkt der Hygiene'' Berlin 1925 - The German

lead paint Lead paint or lead-based paint is paint containing lead. As pigment, lead(II) chromate (, "chrome yellow"), lead(II,IV) oxide, (, "red lead"), and lead(II) carbonate (, "white lead") are the most common forms.. Lead is added to paint to accele ...

industry from the standpoint of hygiene. * ''Der Staub in der Industrie, seine Bedeutung für die Gesundheit der Arbeiter und die neueren Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete seiner Verhütung und Bekämpfung'' Leipzig 1925 - Industrial dust, its importance involving the health of workers and recent advances in the field for its prevention and control. * ''Über die Gesundheitsverhältnisse der Arbeiter in der deutschen keramischen insbesondere der Porzellan-Industrie mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Tuberkulosefrage'' Berlin 1929 - On the health conditions of workers in the German

ceramic A ceramic is any of the various hard, brittle, heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials made by shaping and then firing an inorganic, nonmetallic material, such as clay, at a high temperature. Common examples are earthenware, porcelain ...

porcelain Porcelain () is a ceramic material made by heating substances, generally including materials such as kaolinite, in a kiln to temperatures between . The strength and translucence of porcelain, relative to other types of pottery, arises main ...

industry with particular attention paid to the question of

tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by '' Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, i ...

* ''Frohe Lebensarbeit (Lebenserinnerungen)'' Münich, 1933 - * ''Toxikologie und Hygiene der technischen Lösungsmittel'' Berlin, 1938 (with Ferdinand Flury) - Toxicology and hygiene of industrial solvents.

References

* "Parts of this article are based on a translation of the equivalent article at the German Wikipedia". {{DEFAULTSORT:Lehmann, Karl Bernhard German microbiologists Hygienists Scientists from Zürich University of Würzburg faculty 1858 births 1940 deaths