Kapuzinerberg is a hill on the eastern bank of the

Salzach The Salzach (Austrian: �saltsax ) is a river in Austria and Germany. It is in length and is a right tributary of the Inn, which eventually joins the Danube. Its drainage basin of comprises large parts of the Northern Limestone and Central ...

river in the city of Salzburg in

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

, which rises to an elevation of . It is located to the south of Salzburg's historic city centre, and forms part of the city's UNESCO World Heritage Site.

History

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart-Kapuzinerberg, Salzburg

Stolperstein Salzburg, Verlegestelle Kapuzinerberg 5

The Kapuzinerberg is the location of a

Capucines The Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (; postnominal abbr. O.F.M. Cap.) is a religious order of Franciscan friars within the Catholic Church, one of Three " First Orders" that reformed from the Franciscan Friars Minor Observant (OFM Obs., now OFM ...

cloister A cloister (from Latin ''claustrum'', "enclosure") is a covered walk, open gallery, or open arcade running along the walls of buildings and forming a quadrangle or garth. The attachment of a cloister to a cathedral or church, commonly against a ...

built in 1599–1605 on the site of a medieval fortress, the "Trompeterschlössl". Earliest human settlements on the eastern slope of Kapuzinerberg date back to

neolith The Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, is an Old World archaeological period and the final division of the Stone Age. It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several parts ...

ic period. Big prehistoric settlements on mountain date back to 1100 B.C. On the way of the Linzergasse to the monastery are standing 13 oratories with the way of the cross, which were built up between 1736 and 1744, a memorial place for

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...

and the old Paschinger Schlössl, known as the former house of Stefan Zweig. The different old artillery bastions from 1629, which are distributed around the mountain, the military tower of the Felixpforte and the long military walls with their small fortified towers (''Auslug'') also were built in the time of the

Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, lasting from 1618 to 1648. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of battle ...

, and are majority are kept well. On the crest of the mountain, attainable with a drawbridge, there stands the Franziskischlössl. Today it is a small restaurant. Adolf Hitler wanted to establish a gigantic ''Gauburg'', a stadium and a festival house on that mountain. The end of the war forestalled it however and the Kapuzinerberg is still free of intensive land development.

The cloister

The cloister was established by bishop

Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau (26 March 1559 – 16 January 1617) was Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg from 1587 to 1612. Life Raitenau was born at Hofen Castle in Lochau, near Bregenz in Further Austria, the son of the Habsburg colonel Hans Werne ...

as a stronghold against the

Reformation The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and in ...

. In 1602, the friars consecrated the first church built on the foundation of a medieval tower. The church inherited a set of 15th century wooden reliefs. Gradually expanding, the cloister reached its present shape around 1690. For centuries, the friars were independent of the local archbishop, subordinate only to the Pope. In 1800 and 1809–10 the cloister was occupied and desecrated by the French troops; in 1813 by the Bavarians. After the ''

Anschluss The (, or , ), also known as the (, en, Annexation of Austria), was the annexation of the Federal State of Austria into the German Reich on 13 March 1938. The idea of an (a united Austria and Germany that would form a " Greater Germany ...

'' of 1938 the monks were evicted again, to make way for a

Nazi Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in ...

forum, but the project did not materialize. The friars returned in 1942, initially sharing the premises with refugees and prisoners.

Recreation

The mountain is, with its wooded areas, the green lung of Salzburg and offers to the visitors delightful walking possibilities along the many hiking trails, particularly along the ''Basteiweg'', which runs along the fortification walls in the south and the east of the mountain. Also noteworthy are the various views on the historic Altstadt of Salzburg. The Kapuzinerberg is attainable from the Imbergstiege, from a stone lane beginning in the Franziskuspforte (Linzergasse) or on a footpath behind the Imberg shopping centre in the Fürbergstrasse. Biological features of the mountain are different rare alpine plants and animals in the cold, inaccessible north rocks ( alpine auricula and alpine rhododendron, for example). The

common raven The common raven (''Corvus corax'') is a large all-black passerine bird. It is the most widely distributed of all corvids, found across the Northern Hemisphere. It is a raven known by many names at the subspecies level; there are at least ...

breeds in the rocks.

Literature in german language

* Reinhard Medicus: Der Imberg, heute auch Kapuzinerberg genannt, in Natur- und Kulturgeschichte. In: Der Gardist - Jahresschrift der Bürgergarde der Stadt Salzburg, 26. Jahrgang, Salzburg 2006 * Reinhard Medicus: Die einstigen Stadttore der Linzergasse und die Nordfelsen des Kapuzinerberges In: Bastei - Zeitschrift des Stadtvereines Salzburg für die Erhaltung und Pflege von Bauten, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 54. Jahrgang 4. Folge, S.10-16, Salzburg 2005 * Reinhard Medicus: Der Kalvarienberg und die Mozart-Gedenkstätte auf dem Kapuzinerberg In: Bastei - Zeitschrift des Stadtvereines Salzburg, 55. Jahrgang 2. Folge, S. 14–20, Salzburg 2006 * Reinhard Medicus: Die Wehrbauten Paris Lodrons am Kapuzinerberg, 1. Teil und 2. Teil In: Bastei - Zeitschrift des Stadtvereines Salzburg, 58. Jahrgang 1. Folge, S. 11-17 und 2. Folge. Salzburg 2008 * Reinhard Medicus: Gutshöfe und Steinbrüche am Kapuzinerberg In: Bastei - Zeitschrift des Stadtvereines Salzburg, 58. Jahrgang 4. Folge, Salzburg 2008 * Reinhard Medicus: Der Imberg und sein Wasser In: Bastei - Zeitschrift des Stadtvereines Salzburg, 59. Jahrgang 1. Folge, Salzburg 2008 * Reinhard Medicus: Der Kapuzinerberg als Erholungsraum In: Bastei - Zeitschrift des Stadtvereines Salzburg, 60. Jahrgang 3. Folge, S. 11–17, Salzburg 2010

References

External links