Kaposvár (; also known by other
alternative names
Alternative or alternate may refer to:
Arts, entertainment and media
* Alternative (''Kamen Rider''), a character in the Japanese TV series ''Kamen Rider Ryuki''
* ''The Alternative'' (film), a 1978 Australian television film
* ''The Alternative ...
) is a
city with county rights
A city with county rights (or urban county, Hungarian: ''megyei jogú város'', MJV) is a level of administrative subdivision in Hungary. Since 1994 all county seats are automatically awarded this status, and since 2012 this is the only way a new ...
in the southwestern part of
Hungary
Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...
, south of
Lake Balaton
Lake Balaton () is a freshwater lake in the Transdanubian region of Hungary. It is the largest lake in Central Europe, and one of the region's foremost tourist destinations. The Zala River provides the largest inflow of water to the lake, and ...
. It is one of the leading cities of
Transdanubia
Transdanubia ( hu, Dunántúl; german: Transdanubien, hr, Prekodunavlje or ', sk, Zadunajsko :sk:Zadunajsko) is a traditional region of Hungary. It is also referred to as Hungarian Pannonia, or Pannonian Hungary.
Administrative divisions Trad ...
, the capital of
Somogy County
Somogy ( hu, Somogy megye, ; hr, Šomođska županija; sl, Šomodska županija, german: Komitat Schomodei) is an administrative county (comitatus or ''megye'') in present Hungary, and also in the former Kingdom of Hungary.
Somogy County lies ...
, and the seat of the
Kaposvár District
Kaposvár ( hu, Kaposvári járás) is a district in the central-eastern part of Somogy County. ''Kaposvár'' is also the name of the town where the district and county seat is found. The district is located in the Southern Transdanubia Statistica ...
and the
Roman Catholic Diocese of Kaposvár
The Diocese of Kaposvár ( la, Dioecesis Kaposvarensis) is a Latin Rite suffragan diocese in the Ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Veszprém, in southwestern Hungary.
Its cathedral episcopal, Our Lady of the Assumption ...
.
Etymology and names
The name ''Kaposvár'' is derived from the
Hungarian words ''kapu'' (gate) and ''vár'' (castle). Variants of the city's name include ''Ruppertsburg'' / ''Ruppertsberg'' / ''Kopisch'' (
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
** Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ge ...
), ''Kapoşvar'' (
Turkish), ''Rupertgrad'' (
Slovene), and ''Kapošvar'' (
Croatian).
Symbols
The shield of Kaposvár features a castle with a rounded arch port surmounted by three
battlements
A battlement in defensive architecture, such as that of city walls or castles, comprises a parapet (i.e., a defensive low wall between chest-height and head-height), in which gaps or indentations, which are often rectangular, occur at interva ...
with loopholes on a hill of green grass. The flag of Kaposvár consists of the coat of arms placed over a yellow background.
Geography
Kaposvár is surrounded by the hills of the outer
Somogy area around the
Kapos river and the forests of
Zselic. It lies southwest of
Budapest
Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second-largest city on the Danube river; the city has an estimated population ...
.
Historically, Kaposvár was a crossroads for trade which arrived by the Kapos river. The river also posed a hazard to the river valley region, and flood defense mechanisms were constructed to reduce the threat. Today, the city is a growing junction for railways and other transportation, such as the European Railway line from Budapest towards the
Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the ea ...
.
History
Pre-Hungarian conquest
According to legend, the area of Kaposvár has been inhabited since around 5,000 BCE and the city itself was founded on seven hills. By around 400 BCE,
Celtic
Celtic, Celtics or Keltic may refer to:
Language and ethnicity
*pertaining to Celts, a collection of Indo-European peoples in Europe and Anatolia
**Celts (modern)
*Celtic languages
**Proto-Celtic language
* Celtic music
*Celtic nations
Sports Fo ...
tribes populated most of the area. From around 9 AD to 433 AD, it was a part of the
Roman
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
*Rome, the capital city of Italy
*Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
*Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...
province of
Pannonia. After the Roman withdrawal, tribes of
Germans
, native_name_lang = de
, region1 =
, pop1 = 72,650,269
, region2 =
, pop2 = 534,000
, region3 =
, pop3 = 157,000
3,322,405
, region4 =
, pop4 = ...
,
Illyrians
The Illyrians ( grc, Ἰλλυριοί, ''Illyrioi''; la, Illyrii) were a group of Indo-European languages, Indo-European-speaking peoples who inhabited the western Balkan Peninsula in ancient times. They constituted one of the three main Paleo ...
, and other groups inhabited the area. By 900 AD, there were
Slavic and German villages in the area.
Middle Ages
The name of the settlement was first recorded in 1009 as Kapos in
Saint Stephen
Stephen ( grc-gre, Στέφανος ''Stéphanos'', meaning "wreath, crown" and by extension "reward, honor, renown, fame", often given as a title rather than as a name; c. 5 – c. 34 AD) is traditionally venerated as the protomartyr or first ...
's memorandum of association, which established the borders of the
Roman Catholic Diocese of Pécs
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Pécs ( Hungarian: ''Pécsi Egyházmegye'', la, Dioecesis Quinque Ecclesiensis) is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic church in Hungary. The Cathedral of Pécs is dedicated to Saint Peter and Saint P ...
. In 1061,
Atha
''Atha'' is a monotypic moth genus in the family Oecophoridae. Its only species, ''Atha trimacula'', is found in Chile. Both the genus and species were described by John Frederick Gates Clarke in 1978.
The wingspan
The wingspan (or just spa ...
, the
lord lieutenant of
Somogy, founded a Benedictine
monastery
A monastery is a building or complex of buildings comprising the domestic quarters and workplaces of monastics, monks or nuns, whether living in communities or alone (hermits). A monastery generally includes a place reserved for prayer which ...
in the settlement. The first castle in Kapos was built in the 1200s by King
Béla IV
Béla may refer to:
* Béla (crater), an elongated lunar crater
* Béla (given name), a common Hungarian male given name
See also
* Bela (disambiguation)
* Belá (disambiguation)
* Bělá (disambiguation) Bělá, derived from ''bílá'' (''wh ...
in response to the
Mongol invasion of Hungary.
Ottoman Rule
In the decades after the
Battle of Mohács
The Battle of Mohács (; hu, mohácsi csata, tr, Mohaç Muharebesi or Mohaç Savaşı) was fought on 29 August 1526 near Mohács, Kingdom of Hungary, between the forces of the Kingdom of Hungary and its allies, led by Louis II, and thos ...
,
Ottoman troops of
Suleiman occupied the area, capturing the city's castle in September 1555 after a five day siege. The Ottomans occupied the city for 131 years, using it as a military camp and small administrative center. In 1686,
Habsburg troops reconquered the castle, city, and its surrounding area from the Ottomans.
Habsburg Rule
At the beginning of the 18th century, the city entered into a period of decline. The castle of Kapos was razed by the Habsburgs in 1702, and the remaining structures were destroyed in
Rákóczi's War of Independence.
The
Esterházy family
The House of Esterházy, also spelled Eszterházy (), is a Hungarian noble family with origins in the Middle Ages. From the 17th century, the Esterházys were the greatest landowner magnates of the Kingdom of Hungary, during the time that it ...
was responsible in part for the reconstruction and resettlement of the city. Kaposvár gained the right to hold markets in 1703, the first school was built in 1715, and a new church was built in 1748. In 1749, it was designated as the county seat and since then it has been the chief town of its county. Between 1710 and 1780, the population of the city doubled.
In the 1800s, Kaposvár developed into an industrial hub, in part because of its location on the railway line between
Buda and
Zagreb
Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capital and largest city of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb stands near the international border between Croatia and Slov ...
. Also during the 19th century, new medical and cultural institutions were founded in the city such as a pharmacy, general hospital, and county library. The
city center
A city centre is the commercial, cultural and often the historical, political, and geographic heart of a city. The term "city centre" is primarily used in British English, and closely equivalent terms exist in other languages, such as "" in Fren ...
also developed during this period, with the construction of the county hall and town hall.
Hungarian Revolution
The citizens of Kaposvár supported the
Hungarian Revolution of 1848
The Hungarian Revolution of 1848 or fully Hungarian Civic Revolution and War of Independence of 1848–1849 () was one of many European Revolutions of 1848 and was closely linked to other revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas. Although th ...
, and the city rose up against the Habsburgs. The city was initially occupied by the Habsburgs, but the insurrectionists eventually took control. The sheriff of Kaposvár,
Gáspár Noszlopy, led a territorial army and took control of Somogy County for three months. However, the independence movement failed and the city again fell under foreign rule.
Austro-Hungarian Rule
Under Austro-Hungarian rule, Kaposvár continued to grow and develop. The Donner district was established on the south side of the Kapos river, and a newspaper and casino were established in 1866. In 1872, a rail line was finished which ran through the city, as opposed to previous lines which only reached its outskirts.
By the turn of the 20th century, numerous industrial companies were based in the city, including a large sugar factory and grain processing plant. The city shifted from agricultural production, and its urban area grew. The first planned city development was constructed while István Németh was mayor of the city from 1895 to 1911.
The cultural portfolio of the city grew at this time as well. The ''Somogyi Hírlap'', its first daily newspaper, was first issued in April 1904. In September 1911, a new theater opened, which was the largest and most modern theater in Hungary at the time. Additionally, film prospered in the city, and three
cinemas were opened in the first decade of the 1900s.
20th century
During World War I, Kaposvár experienced hardship, and strikes and left wing ideas gained traction in the city. During the period of
Revolutions and interventions from 1918 to 1920, agricultural associations were formed and industrial plants were socialized. However, the revolution ultimately failed and the city again fell into recession.
In the 1930s, Kaposvár transitioned from an industrial city to a commercial and administrative center. When
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
reached the city, almost one thousand inhabitants were killed or disappeared. In March 1944, German soldiers entered the city and
deported its Jewish population. In December 1944, Soviet troops captured the city.
After World War II, Kaposvár was able to recover quickly because the war did not cause much infrastructural destruction. New political parties formed, such as the
Communist Party
A communist party is a political party that seeks to realize the socio-economic goals of communism. The term ''communist party'' was popularized by the title of ''The Manifesto of the Communist Party'' (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. ...
and Country Party. Under Communist rule, socialist industrialization commenced, with a new textile factory, meat plant, and electrical site. However, much of the small industry in the city disappeared. In 1956, Kaposvár joined the
Hungarian revolution against the Soviets, but on 4 November Soviet tanks put down the insurrection in the city.
After the 1956 revolution, the city's administrative border grew, and it incorporated several neighboring municipalities including
Kaposszentjakab
Kaposszentjakab (formerly called Zselicszentjakab) is the site of a ruined Benedictine monastery. The monastery site and the surrounding village is now a suburb of the city of Kaposvár in southwestern Hungary.
History
The village was the place o ...
in 1950,
Kaposfüred and Toponár in 1970, and Töröcske in 1973.
Tourism
Kaposvár is home to numerous tourist sites, including:
*
Cathedral of Kaposvár
*
Csiky Gergely Theatre
The Gergely Csiky Theatre is a theatre in Kaposvár, Hungary. Opening in 1911, the theatre became a major cultural center in Somogy County, with its company achieving their greatest successes between 1970–1985.
The building
Designed by the w ...
- one of the biggest theatres in Hungary
* Ruins of
Zselicszentjakab Abbey
The Zselicszentjakab Abbey was a Benedictine monastery established at Zselicszentjakab (now Kaposszentjakab) in Somogy County in the Kingdom of Hungary in 1061. Its founder was the Palatine Otto of the Győr clan. The monastery was dedicated to ...
(
Romanesque and
Gothic
Gothic or Gothics may refer to:
People and languages
*Goths or Gothic people, the ethnonym of a group of East Germanic tribes
**Gothic language, an extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Goths
**Crimean Gothic, the Gothic language spoken b ...
)
*
Stadion Kaposvár Rákóczi
Stadion (Greek , Latin ''stadium'', nominative plural ''stadia'' in both Greek and Latin) may refer to:
People
* Christoph von Stadion (1478–1543), Prince-Bishop of Augsburg
* Johann Philipp Stadion, Count von Warthausen (1763–1824), Austrian ...
*
University of Kaposvár
The University of Kaposvár is a university in Hungary
Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the no ...
*
Lake Deseda
Demographics
Kaposvár is the most populous city in
Somogy County
Somogy ( hu, Somogy megye, ; hr, Šomođska županija; sl, Šomodska županija, german: Komitat Schomodei) is an administrative county (comitatus or ''megye'') in present Hungary, and also in the former Kingdom of Hungary.
Somogy County lies ...
and the second most populous city in
Southern Transdanubia after
Pécs
Pécs ( , ; hr, Pečuh; german: Fünfkirchen, ; also known by other #Name, alternative names) is List of cities and towns of Hungary#Largest cities in Hungary, the fifth largest city in Hungary, on the slopes of the Mecsek mountains in the countr ...
.
The majority of its population is
Hungarian (85.6%) according to the 2011 census. The largest minority ethnic group is the
Roma
Roma or ROMA may refer to:
Places Australia
* Roma, Queensland, a town
** Roma Airport
** Roma Courthouse
** Electoral district of Roma, defunct
** Town of Roma, defunct town, now part of the Maranoa Regional Council
*Roma Street, Brisbane, a ...
(2.2%), the second largest are the
Germans
, native_name_lang = de
, region1 =
, pop1 = 72,650,269
, region2 =
, pop2 = 534,000
, region3 =
, pop3 = 157,000
3,322,405
, region4 =
, pop4 = ...
(1.1%) and third are the
Croats
The Croats (; hr, Hrvati ) are a South Slavic ethnic group who share a common Croatian ancestry, culture, history and language. They are also a recognized minority in a number of neighboring countries, namely Austria, the Czech Republic, ...
(0.2%).
[
Religious affiliation of the citizens show a significant ]Roman Catholic
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
*Rome, the capital city of Italy
*Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
*Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...
(44.7%) and Greek Catholic The term Greek Catholic Church can refer to a number of Eastern Catholic Churches following the Byzantine (Greek) liturgy, considered collectively or individually.
The terms Greek Catholic, Greek Catholic church or Byzantine Catholic, Byzantine Ca ...
(0.2%) and considerable Calvinist
Calvinism (also called the Reformed Tradition, Reformed Protestantism, Reformed Christianity, or simply Reformed) is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice set down by John Ca ...
(5.4%) and Lutheran
Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism, identifying primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German monk and Protestant Reformers, reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practice of the Cathol ...
(1.5%) communities. 18.1% are Non-religious
Irreligion or nonreligion is the absence or rejection of religion, or indifference to it. Irreligion takes many forms, ranging from the casual and unaware to full-fledged philosophies such as atheism and agnosticism, secular humanism and ant ...
.[KSH - Kaposvár, 2011]
/ref>
Economy
Kaposvár is still an industrial city and is home to companies such as the Austrian house construction company Wolf System, the Hungarian agricultural company KITE, Turkish textile producer Metyx''.'' and only sugar factory in the country Magyar Cukor Zrt.
Politics
The current mayor of Kaposvár is Károly Szita
Károly is a very common Hungarian male given name. It is also sometimes found as a Hungarian surname. The origin of this name is the Turkic Karul, which means hawk. Nowadays Károly is considered the equivalent of English Karl or Charles (beca ...
('' Fidesz-KDNP'').
The local Municipal Assembly, elected at the 2019 local government elections, is made up of 18 members (1 Mayor, 12 Individual constituencies MEPs and 5 Compensation List MEPs) divided into these political parties and alliances:
Sports
Kaposvár is a "National City of Sport" in Hungary. The most popular sports in the city are football, volleyball, and basketball. The most popular sports team in the city is Kaposvári Rákóczi FC
Kaposvári Rákóczi FC is a football club in Kaposvár, Hungary. Their home stadium is Stadion Kaposvár Rákoczi. The team is named after Francis II Rákóczi, a Transylvanian prince and national hero and they are also often referred to be ...
who play in the Stadion Kaposvár Rákóczi
Stadion (Greek , Latin ''stadium'', nominative plural ''stadia'' in both Greek and Latin) may refer to:
People
* Christoph von Stadion (1478–1543), Prince-Bishop of Augsburg
* Johann Philipp Stadion, Count von Warthausen (1763–1824), Austrian ...
.
Notable residents
Twin Towns – Sister Cities
Kaposvár is twinned with:
* Bath, England, United Kingdom
* Cần Thơ
Cần Thơ, also written as Can Tho or Cantho (: , : ), is the fourth-largest city in Vietnam, and the largest city along the Mekong Delta region in Vietnam.
It is noted for its floating markets, rice paper-making village, and picturesque r ...
, Vietnam
* Darkhan, Mongolia
* Glinde, Germany
* Koprivnica, Croatia
* Miercurea Ciuc
Miercurea Ciuc (; hu, Csíkszereda, ; german: Szeklerburg) is the county seat of Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, a mainly Hungarian-speaking ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania, and is situated in the Olt Ri ...
, Romania
* Rauma, Finland
* Saint-Sébastien-sur-Loire
Saint-Sébastien-sur-Loire (, literally ''Saint-Sébastien on Loire''; br, Sant-Sebastian-an-Enk) is a Communes of France, commune in the Loire-Atlantique Departments of France, department in western France.
It is the third-largest suburb of the ...
, France
* Schio
Schio is a town and comune in the province of Vicenza (region of Veneto, northern Italy) situated north of Vicenza and east of the Lake Garda. It is surrounded by the Little Dolomites (Italian Prealps) and Mount Pasubio.
History
Its name comes f ...
, Italy
* Tver
Tver ( rus, Тверь, p=tvʲerʲ) is a city and the administrative centre of Tver Oblast, Russia. It is northwest of Moscow. Population:
Tver was formerly the capital of a powerful medieval state and a model provincial town in the Russian ...
, Russia
* Üsküdar
Üsküdar () is a large and densely populated district of Istanbul, Turkey, on the Anatolian shore of the Bosphorus. It is bordered to the north by Beykoz, to the east by Ümraniye, to the southeast by Ataşehir and to the south by Kadıköy; ...
, Turkey
Partnerships
Kaposvár also cooperates with:
* Cixi
Empress Dowager Cixi ( ; mnc, Tsysi taiheo; formerly romanised as Empress Dowager T'zu-hsi; 29 November 1835 – 15 November 1908), of the Manchu Yehe Nara clan, was a Chinese noblewoman, concubine and later regent who effectively controlled ...
, China
* Mostar
, settlement_type = City
, image_skyline = Mostar (collage image).jpg
, image_caption = From top, left to right: A panoramic view of the heritage town site and the Neretva river from Lučki Bridge, Koski Mehmed Pasha ...
, Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Villach
Villach (; sl, Beljak; it, Villaco; fur, Vilac) is the seventh-largest city in Austria and the second-largest in the federal state of Carinthia. It is an important traffic junction for southern Austria and the whole Alpe-Adria region. , the p ...
, Austria
Gallery
File:Kaposvár.jpg, The city centre
File:Kaposvár Csiky Gergely Színház.JPG, Csiky Gergely Theatre
The Gergely Csiky Theatre is a theatre in Kaposvár, Hungary. Opening in 1911, the theatre became a major cultural center in Somogy County, with its company achieving their greatest successes between 1970–1985.
The building
Designed by the w ...
File:Kaposvár pénzügyi palota.JPG, Palace of Finances of Kaposvár
File:Rippl-Rónai múzeum.jpg, The County Hall of Somogy and the Rippl-Rónai Museum
File:Kaposvár Bors Napkerék.JPG, A statue in the city centre
File:Kaposvár Mária oszlop.JPG, The Rococo
Rococo (, also ), less commonly Roccoco or Late Baroque, is an exceptionally ornamental and theatrical style of architecture, art and decoration which combines asymmetry, scrolling curves, gilding, white and pastel colours, sculpted moulding, ...
Maria Column is one symbol of the city
File:Kaposvár 1956 emlékmű.JPG, Monument of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956
The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 (23 October – 10 November 1956; hu, 1956-os forradalom), also known as the Hungarian Uprising, was a countrywide revolution against the government of the Hungarian People's Republic (1949–1989) and the Hunga ...
File:Kaposvár Berzsenyi Dániel Általános Iskola.JPG, Dániel Berzsenyi
Dániel Berzsenyi (; 7 May 1776 in Hetye (now Egyházashetye) – 24 February 1836 in Nikla) was a Hungarian poet.Trencsenyi, Balazs & Michal Kopecek, eds. ''Discourse of Collective Identity in Central and Southeast Europe.'' New York: Central E ...
Elementary School
File:Kaposvár Temesvár utca.jpg, Temesvár street
File:Kaposvar House of Rippl-Ronai.jpg, House of József Rippl-Rónai
József Rippl-Rónai (23 May 1861 – 25 November 1927) was a Hungarian painter. He first introduced modern artistic movements in the Hungarian art.
Biography
He was born in Kaposvár. After his studies at the High School there, he went to ...
File:Kaposvári Egyetem 2011.JPG, University of Kaposvár
The University of Kaposvár is a university in Hungary
Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the no ...
See also
* University of Kaposvár
The University of Kaposvár is a university in Hungary
Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the no ...
* Roman Catholic Diocese of Kaposvár
The Diocese of Kaposvár ( la, Dioecesis Kaposvarensis) is a Latin Rite suffragan diocese in the Ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Veszprém, in southwestern Hungary.
Its cathedral episcopal, Our Lady of the Assumption ...
* Csiky Gergely Theatre
The Gergely Csiky Theatre is a theatre in Kaposvár, Hungary. Opening in 1911, the theatre became a major cultural center in Somogy County, with its company achieving their greatest successes between 1970–1985.
The building
Designed by the w ...
* Lake Deseda
References
;Notes
External links
* in Hungarian and English
Tourist Information
Kaposfest
Youth Football Festival
Aerial photography: Kaposvár
Slide show with music
Video of the city centre
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaposvar
Populated places in Somogy County
County seats in Hungary
Cities with county rights of Hungary
History of Somogy