Kapoly is a village in Somogy county,

Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...

. Political leader

János Kádár János József Kádár (; ; 26 May 1912 – 6 July 1989), born János József Czermanik, was a Hungarian communist leader and the General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, a position he held for 32 years. Declining health le ...

originates from the village, his childhood was spent in Kapoly.

Geography

It lies between

Siófok Siófok (; german: Fock; la, Fuk) is a town in Somogy County, Hungary on the southern bank of Lake Balaton. It is the second largest municipality in Somogy County and the seat of Siófok District. It covers an area of about 124.66 km2 (48.1 ...

and

Kaposvár Kaposvár (; also known by other alternative names) is a city with county rights in the southwestern part of Hungary, south of Lake Balaton. It is one of the leading cities of Transdanubia, the capital of Somogy County, and the seat of the Kaposvá ...

and can be reached by car or train.

History

Kapoly was first mentioned in a royal doctrine of

Béla III of Hungary Béla III ( hu, III. Béla, hr, Bela III, sk, Belo III; 114823 April 1196) was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1172 and 1196. He was the second son of King Géza II and Géza's wife, Euphrosyne of Kiev. Around 1161, Géza granted Béla a ...

and the Johanniter Order of

Székesfehérvár Székesfehérvár (; german: Stuhlweißenburg ), known colloquially as Fehérvár ("white castle"), is a city in central Hungary, and the country's ninth-largest city. It is the regional capital of Central Transdanubia, and the centre of Fejér ...

. In 1337 it appeared as ''Keethkapul'', in 1347 as ''Egyházaskapoly'', in 1400 as ''Kápolnáskapoly''. It belonged to the Diocese of Székesfehérvár in 1229, but according to a papal bull also the

Benedictine , image = Medalla San Benito.PNG , caption = Design on the obverse side of the Saint Benedict Medal , abbreviation = OSB , formation = , motto = (English: 'Pray and Work') , foun ...

Abbey of Tihany had lands there. Kapoly was mentioned also in the papal tithe register between 1332 and 1337. In 1400 the lands of Kapoly were donated by

Sigismund of Luxembourg Sigismund of Luxembourg (15 February 1368 – 9 December 1437) was a monarch as King of Hungary and Croatia (''jure uxoris'') from 1387, King of Germany from 1410, King of Bohemia from 1419, and Holy Roman Emperor from 1433 until his death in 1 ...

to ''Bálint'' and ''Péter Osztopáni''. ''Imre Ugron'' was its landlord in 1460. ''Orbán Nagylucsei''

Bishop of Eger The Archdiocese of Eger ( la, Archidioecesis Agriensis) is an archdiocese in Northern Hungary, its centre is the city of Eger. History * 1000: Established as Diocese of Eger * August 9, 1804: Promoted as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Eger Ordi ...

, his brothers and ''Bernát Somogyi de Endréd'' got the lands of ''György Bálványosi'' in ''Egyházas'' and ''Kápolnás'' in 1488. Between 1488 and 1489 ''Jakab Bocskai'' also had lands there. The son of ''Pál Perneszi'', ''Imre'' got ''Kápolnás-Kapoly'' from

Vladislaus II of Hungary Vladislaus II, also known as Vladislav, Władysław or Wladislas ( hu, II. Ulászló; 1 March 1456 – 13 March 1516), was King of Bohemia from 1471 to 1516, and King of Hungary and Croatia from 1490 to 1516. As the eldest son of Casimir IV Jagi ...

. ''Kápolnás-Kapoly'' was in the hands of ''Máté Baronyay'', ''László Ewleweldy (Óleveldi)'', the widow of ''István Perneszi'', ''Imre'' and ''Egyed Perneszi'' meanwhile ''Egyházas-Kapoly'' belonged to ''Bernát'' and ''Pál Ugron'', ''Imre Perneszi'', the

Bishop of Veszprém A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is ca ...

, ''Mihály Kys'' and ''Máté Baronyay''. According to the tax register of 1557 both Kapolys were possessions of the

Perneszy family The Perneszy de Osztopán family was an important and prestigious Hungarian noble family which gave many relevant personalities. Its members were high members of the nobility of the Kingdom of Hungary since the 13th century. History History of ...

. ''András Perneszy de Osztopán'', castellan of Felsőlendva got the village in 1577 from

Rudolf II Rudolf II (18 July 1552 – 20 January 1612) was Holy Roman Emperor (1576–1612), King of Hungary and Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg), Croatia (as Rudolf I, 1572–1608), King of Bohemia (1575–1608/1611) and Archduke of Austria (1576–160 ...

. In 1583 ''Kápolnás-Kapoly'' was owned by ''András Perneszi'', ''Egyházas-Kapoly'' by the

. Around 1598 and 1599 they were a possession of the ''Castle of

Tihany Tihany /ˈtihɒɲ/ is a village on the northern shore of Lake Balaton on the Tihany Peninsula (Hungary, Veszprém County). The whole peninsula is a historical district. The center of the district is the Benedictine Tihany Abbey, which was founde ...

'' under the name ''Nagykapoly''. According to the 1609 Urbarium ''Nagykapoly'' had 10 peasant residents. The Court of

Zala County Zala ( hu, Zala megye, ; ; ) is an administrative county (comitatus or ''megye'') in south-western Hungary. It is named after the Zala River. It shares borders with Croatia ( Koprivnica–Križevci and Međimurje Counties) and Slovenia (Lendava ...

awarded ''János Lengyel Tóti'' the villages of ''Nagykapoly'', Lullya, Endréd in 1612. It was a possession of

Tihany Abbey The Tihany Abbey is a Benedictine monastery established in Tihany in the Kingdom of Hungary in 1055. Its patrons are the Virgin Mary and Saint Aignan of Orleans. Foundation The Benedictine monastery in Tihany was established in 1055 by King Andrew ...

in 1645. Then in 1660 it belonged to the

. ''János Perneszi'' gave his lands in ''Kis-Kapoly'' to ''János Szabó'' in 1665. ''Zsigmond Perneszi'' and ''Julianna Perneszi'' owned ''Kapoly'' in 1695. In the 1715 register there were 6 households and belonged to ''Anna Julianna Perneszi'', the widow of ''Ferenc Babócsay''. One half of the settlement was in the hands of the

the other half in the hands of the

in 1733. Between 1720 and 1727 the first wave of German settlers arrived in Kapoly. There were also some Slovak families. But the village preserved its Hungarian dominance throughout the next centuries. Before 1848 the

, the ''Tallián'' and ''Csapody'' families had lands there. By 1900 the Abbey of Tihany was the only owner. According to the 1853 census there were 700

Hungarians Hungarians, also known as Magyars ( ; hu, magyarok ), are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary () and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language. The Hungarian language belongs to the Urali ...

, 254

Germans , native_name_lang = de , region1 = , pop1 = 72,650,269 , region2 = , pop2 = 534,000 , region3 = , pop3 = 157,000 3,322,405 , region4 = , pop4 = ...

and 6

Jews Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...

. There was a huge cholera epidemic in 1855 when 60 people died in Kapoly. In 1910 it had 1,020 residents of which 1,018 were Hungarians. According to their religious affiliation there were 404

Roman Catholics The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

, 577

Calvinists Calvinism (also called the Reformed Tradition, Reformed Protestantism, Reformed Christianity, or simply Reformed) is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice set down by John Ca ...

and 30

Lutherans Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism, identifying primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German monk and reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practice of the Catholic Church launched ...

Main sights

* Roman Catholic church * Reformed church - built in 1838muemlekvedelem.hu - Református templom, Kapoly
/ref> * ''Kádár House'' - the Hungarian dictator,

lived there from the age of three months * monument of the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

Notable residents

* József Vécsey de Hernádvécse (ca. 1760 – 1821), Hungarian Reformed pastor * József Kiss (1816 – 1905), Hungarian Reformed pastor, lieutenant *

(1912-1989), Hungarian communist leader and the General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party

Gallery

File:Wine cellar entrance in Kapoly.jpg, Wine cellar entrance in Kapoly File:Kádár House2.jpg, Kádár House File:Grain field in Kapoly.jpg, Grain field in Kapoly File:Reformed church of Kapoly.jpg, Reformed church

External links

Street map (Hungarian)

References

{{authority control Populated places in Somogy County Hungarian German communities in Somogy County