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The '' 'kangaroo wagon' '' is a type of
wagon A wagon or waggon is a heavy four-wheeled vehicle pulled by draught animals or on occasion by humans, used for transporting goods, commodities, agricultural materials, supplies and sometimes people. Wagons are immediately distinguished from ...
rail Rail or rails may refer to: Rail transport *Rail transport and related matters *Rail (rail transport) or railway lines, the running surface of a railway Arts and media Film * ''Rails'' (film), a 1929 Italian film by Mario Camerini * ''Rail'' ( ...
designed for the transport of
semi-trailer A semi-trailer is a trailer without a front axle. In the United States, the term is also used to refer to the combination of a truck and a semi-trailer; a tractor-trailer. A large proportion of a semi-trailer's weight is supported by a tracto ...
s. It has a drawbridge forming a pocket in the low position (hence its name) allowing the carrier train (2 or 3 axles) of the semi-trailer to be placed and thus to respect the height of the
loading gauge A loading gauge is a diagram or physical structure that defines the maximum height and width dimensions in railway vehicles and their loads. Their purpose is to ensure that rail vehicles can pass safely through tunnels and under bridges, and ke ...
( above top of rail for the
loading gauge A loading gauge is a diagram or physical structure that defines the maximum height and width dimensions in railway vehicles and their loads. Their purpose is to ensure that rail vehicles can pass safely through tunnels and under bridges, and ke ...
of the UIC). These are special
open wagon Open wagons (trucks in the UK) form a large group of railway goods wagons designed primarily for the transportation of bulk goods that are not moisture-retentive and can usually be tipped, dumped or shovelled. The International Union of Ra ...
s. The axle models are UIC K type, their bogie S type counterparts.


In France

The '' 'kangaroo wagon' '' is the continuation of the UFR wagon. The latter no longer meeting transport requirements, a new type of wagon was studied for the transport of
semi-trailer A semi-trailer is a trailer without a front axle. In the United States, the term is also used to refer to the combination of a truck and a semi-trailer; a tractor-trailer. A large proportion of a semi-trailer's weight is supported by a tracto ...
s but this time taking as a basis a standard trailer and not an adapted trailer.


Axle wagon

The first type of kangaroo wagon is a twin-
axle An axle or axletree is a central shaft for a rotating wheel or gear. On wheeled vehicles, the axle may be fixed to the wheels, rotating with them, or fixed to the vehicle, with the wheels rotating around the axle. In the former case, bearing ...
model weighing of tare, having a length of and accepting a load of . This wagon is within the limits of load, length and wheelbase, fixed by the
International Union of Railways The International Union of Railways (UIC, french: Union internationale des wikt:chemin de fer, chemins de fer) is an international rail transport industry body. History The railways of Europe originated as many separate concerns, and there wer ...
(UIC), with a wheelbase of . This type of wagon will be designated ''KE,'' Kangourou à Axieux, and will be built in 246 units divided into 4 orders from 1958 to 1963. The wagon is distinguished by: * a manoeuvrable
drawbridge A drawbridge or draw-bridge is a type of moveable bridge typically at the entrance to a castle or tower surrounded by a moat. In some forms of English, including American English, the word ''drawbridge'' commonly refers to all types of moveable ...
which can occupy 2 positions: ** high position for the passage from one wagon to another ** low position to accommodate the wheels of the
semi-trailer A semi-trailer is a trailer without a front axle. In the United States, the term is also used to refer to the combination of a truck and a semi-trailer; a tractor-trailer. A large proportion of a semi-trailer's weight is supported by a tracto ...
which rest on the wagon frame * guide rails for the semi-trailer on the chassis, on the gangways and on the drawbridge * and a
fifth-wheel coupling The fifth-wheel coupling provides the link between a semi-trailer and the towing truck, tractor unit, leading trailer or dolly. The coupling consists of a kingpin, a vertical steel pin protruding from the bottom of the front of the semi-tr ...
for the longitudinally adjustable semi-trailer. he kangaroo wagons run in block trains of several dozen wagons. They are necessarily all oriented in the same direction, otherwise the loading and unloading operations would be impossible. Yann Baude and Aurélien Prévot, "Bien use ses Kangourou", ''Loco-Revue'', n ° 814, May 2015, Auray, LR Presse, pages 54-57. However, and this from 1962, new regulations in the highway code, new tractors with short cabins and new measures taken by the French National Railway Company (SNCF) make this type of wagon outdated! In fact, as the technique evolves, we have: * a change from for the weight of the road assemblies with as a corollary a weight of the semi-trailer of up to , * a change from for the length of road assemblies, * and the placing on the market of a short tractor, with as a corollary of these two points a length of the semi-trailer which can be up to , * an ability to travel at up to on the courier trains, * and finally, with a view to the application of the automatic coupling, a design that can accommodate it.


Bogie wagon

As written above, the
axle An axle or axletree is a central shaft for a rotating wheel or gear. On wheeled vehicles, the axle may be fixed to the wheels, rotating with them, or fixed to the vehicle, with the wheels rotating around the axle. In the former case, bearing ...
wagon was very quickly superseded, the
SNCF The Société nationale des chemins de fer français (; abbreviated as SNCF ; French for "National society of French railroads") is France's national state-owned railway company. Founded in 1938, it operates the country's national rail traffi ...
and decide to design a new wagon from 1965 but with
bogie A bogie ( ) (in some senses called a truck in North American English) is a chassis or framework that carries a wheelset, attached to a vehicle—a modular subassembly of wheels and axles. Bogies take various forms in various modes of transp ...
s this time, to be able to accept the new standards. In addition, the design provides a margin to absorb possible new regulations increasing the weight and length of semi-trailers. Thus from 1967 to 1968 a total of 80 wagons built in two series are delivered: * series 5 with screw brake for 40 wagons, * the 6 series without screw brake for 40 wagons. The construction uses folded and welded sheets with braking equipment at the ends. These wagons weigh of tare, have a length of and accept a load of and are mounted on Y 29
bogie A bogie ( ) (in some senses called a truck in North American English) is a chassis or framework that carries a wheelset, attached to a vehicle—a modular subassembly of wheels and axles. Bogies take various forms in various modes of transp ...
s allowing them a maximum speed of . All these wagons are designed to run as block trains, cannot pass through the marshalling hump and will remain the property of SEGI. This wagon will be designated ''SK'': Super Kangourou. From 1968 to 1969 a new wagon is studied by taking the characteristics of the previous wagon but with mechanically welded sections instead of sheets. These wagons weigh of tare, have a length of and accept a load of and are mounted on Y 31 C
bogie A bogie ( ) (in some senses called a truck in North American English) is a chassis or framework that carries a wheelset, attached to a vehicle—a modular subassembly of wheels and axles. Bogies take various forms in various modes of transp ...
s allowing them a maximum speed of . The order covers a total of 440 wagons distributed as follows: * series 7 for 50 wagons * series 8 for 50 wagons * series 10 for 50 wagons * series 11 for 70 wagons * series 13 for 50 wagons * series 14 for 40 wagons * the 16 series for 50 wagons * the 18 series for 80 wagons Of all these series, only one will remain the property of the
SNCF The Société nationale des chemins de fer français (; abbreviated as SNCF ; French for "National society of French railroads") is France's national state-owned railway company. Founded in 1938, it operates the country's national rail traffi ...
: series 8. This wagon (UIC Sss type) will be designated ''KB'': Kangourou à Bogies. However from 1966 competition arrives with the
containers A container is any receptacle or enclosure for holding a product used in storage, packaging, and transportation, including shipping. Things kept inside of a container are protected on several sides by being inside of its structure. The term ...
. The
SNCF The Société nationale des chemins de fer français (; abbreviated as SNCF ; French for "National society of French railroads") is France's national state-owned railway company. Founded in 1938, it operates the country's national rail traffi ...
is quickly moving towards this type of transport and tests are being carried out to ensure the handling of
semi-trailers A semi-trailer is a trailer without a front axle. In the United States, the term is also used to refer to the combination of a truck and a semi-trailer; a tractor-trailer. A large proportion of a semi-trailer's weight is supported by a tracto ...
s in the same way. The company Novatrans which manages the
piggyback Piggyback, piggy-back, or piggybacking may mean: Transport * Piggyback (transportation), something that is riding on the back of something else Art, entertainment, and media * Splash cymbal piggybacking, mounting a cymbal on top of an already ...
decides in 1977 to only do vertical handling and to gradually abandon horizontal handling. Studies are being undertaken to transform the fleet of kangaroo wagons into container wagons or "
pocket wagon A pocket wagon is a freight wagon that has been specially designed for the transport of truck semi-trailers. This wagon belongs to the group of flat wagons in special design with bogies and is used in combined transport (CT). The name of these fre ...
s" intended to receive the
semi-trailer A semi-trailer is a trailer without a front axle. In the United States, the term is also used to refer to the combination of a truck and a semi-trailer; a tractor-trailer. A large proportion of a semi-trailer's weight is supported by a tracto ...
s handled vertically. The modified wagons become respectively '' '' 'KC' '' '' from series 11 and '' '' 'KM' '' '' from series 7, 13, 14, 16 and 18. Unfortunately the traffic declines quickly and in 1983 it is the abandonment of the horizontal handling with the corollary of again immediately modifying the wagons of the series 18 being modified in ' '' '' KM '' '' 'to give the' '' '' K1 '' '' '. All other '' '' 'KM' '' '' will be gradually changed to '' '' 'K1' '' '' as the revisions progress. The wagons of the 10 series are, for their part, transformed into container ships in
1984 Events January * January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888. * January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast A ...
, giving the series '' '' 'KU' '' ''. The wagons of the 8 series, belonging to the
SNCF The Société nationale des chemins de fer français (; abbreviated as SNCF ; French for "National society of French railroads") is France's national state-owned railway company. Founded in 1938, it operates the country's national rail traffi ...
are for their part transformed into container wagons in
1984 Events January * January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888. * January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast A ...
giving the series '' '' 'K9' '' ''. These wagons are leased to Novatrans which returns them in
2005 File:2005 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: Hurricane Katrina in the Gulf of Mexico; the Funeral of Pope John Paul II is held in Vatican City; "Me at the zoo", the first video ever to be uploaded to YouTube; Eris was discovered in ...
. In
2006 File:2006 Events Collage V1.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2006 Winter Olympics open in Turin; Twitter is founded and launched by Jack Dorsey; The Nintendo Wii is released; Montenegro 2006 Montenegrin independence referendum, votes to declare ...
, the wagons were written off and in 2007 all the stock was
demolished Demolition (also known as razing, cartage, and wrecking) is the science and engineering in safely and efficiently tearing down of buildings and other artificial structures. Demolition contrasts with deconstruction, which involves taking a ...
except about ten wagons kept by the SEGI . The wagons of series 5 and 6 due to the side members in folded sheets cannot be modified and are returned by Novatrans to SEGI from December
1986 The year 1986 was designated as the International Year of Peace by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands by separating from the Netherlands Antilles. **Spain and Portugal ente ...
to January
1988 File:1988 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The oil platform Piper Alpha explodes and collapses in the North Sea, killing 165 workers; The USS Vincennes (CG-49) mistakenly shoots down Iran Air Flight 655; Australia celebrates its Australian ...
and in 1989 76 wagons are sold to GEFCO to be transformed into
automobiles A car or automobile is a motor vehicle with wheels. Most definitions of ''cars'' say that they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport people instead of goods. The year 1886 is regarded as ...
.


Medium annexes

At the beginning the semi-trailer was handled by a special tractor with the use of a loading / unloading ramp then during vertical handling it was a crane or a
gantry crane A gantry crane is a crane built atop a gantry, which is a structure used to straddle an object or workspace. They can range from enormous "full" gantry cranes, capable of lifting some of the heaviest loads in the world, to small shop cranes, us ...
after reinforcement of the
semi-trailer A semi-trailer is a trailer without a front axle. In the United States, the term is also used to refer to the combination of a truck and a semi-trailer; a tractor-trailer. A large proportion of a semi-trailer's weight is supported by a tracto ...
to the right of the grip by the grippers.


Situation in Europe

This
combined transport Combined transport is a form of Intermodal freight transport, intermodal transport, which is the movement of goods in one and the same loading unit or road vehicle, using successively two or more modes of transport without handling the goods thems ...
solution has been in operation since the years
1970 Events January * January 1 – Unix time epoch reached at 00:00:00 UTC. * January 5 – The 7.1 Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli intensity of X (''Extrem ...
throughout
Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
. But it is not comparable to the rail motorway because it requires a different
logistics Logistics is generally the detailed organization and implementation of a complex operation. In a general business sense, logistics manages the flow of goods between the point of origin and the point of consumption to meet the requirements of ...
organization: Handling by specific road tractor or by crane or by gantry, exchange of road tractor at the start and at the arrival. In return, it offers a good ratio
payload Payload is the object or the entity which is being carried by an aircraft or launch vehicle. Sometimes payload also refers to the carrying capacity of an aircraft or launch vehicle, usually measured in terms of weight. Depending on the nature of ...
to towed mass: 50% (for a semi-trailer () of loaded with of goods) because it is not carrying the
tractor unit A tractor unit (also known as a truck unit, power unit, prime mover, ten-wheeler, semi-tractor, tractor truck, semi-truck, tractor cab, truck cab, tractor rig, truck rig or big rig or simply a tractor, truck, semi or rig) is a characteristical ...
(approximately ). However in the years
2000 File:2000 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Protests against Bush v. Gore after the 2000 United States presidential election; Heads of state meet for the Millennium Summit; The International Space Station in its infant form as seen from ...
the "rolling" road experienced a resurgence of interest (even if this revival is for the moment weak in
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
) and the traffic of
semi-trailer A semi-trailer is a trailer without a front axle. In the United States, the term is also used to refer to the combination of a truck and a semi-trailer; a tractor-trailer. A large proportion of a semi-trailer's weight is supported by a tracto ...
s fades in favor of the whole container. In Germany, the following types are distinguished: * T1 Sdgkms 707 ex Skss-z 707 ( 1973) of and
payload Payload is the object or the entity which is being carried by an aircraft or launch vehicle. Sometimes payload also refers to the carrying capacity of an aircraft or launch vehicle, usually measured in terms of weight. Depending on the nature of ...
, * T3 Sdgmns 743 (
1990s File:1990s decade montage.png, From top left, clockwise: The Hubble Space Telescope orbits the Earth after it was launched in 1990; American F-16s and F-15s fly over burning oil fields in Operation Desert Storm, also known as the 1991 Gulf War ...
) of , payload (containers) for de tare * T4: this type of admits a payload of (containers) or (semi-trailer), * Sdggmrs 744 / Sdggmrs 739 : these are articulated wagons with 3 bogies; the 739 series is suitable for , * T2000 Sdggmrss 736 * T3000 variant optimized for Mega-trailer trailers of internal height.


Model making

* The kangaroo wagon with axles was offered at H0 scale by
Jouef Jouef is a French brand and former manufacturing company specialized in scale model railroads. The brand name is currently owned by Hornby. Apart from model railroads, the company also produced model cars and slot cars. History Manufacturer G ...
individually or in a set comprising 2 wagons, including the tractor and the loading / unloading ramp. * Kangaroo bogie wagons have been offered in H0 by
Märklin Gebr. Märklin & Cie. GmbH or Märklin (MÄRKLIN or MAERKLIN in capital letters) is a German toy company. The company was founded in 1859 and is based at Göppingen in Baden-Württemberg. Although it originally specialised in doll house accesso ...
/ Trix and
Roco Roco, based in Salzburg, Austria, is a manufacturer of model railway equipment. History The company was founded in 1960 by Ing. Heinz Rössler and started with a plastic Minitanks series of military vehicles. After export to the USA became succ ...
. * The kangaroo bogie wagon is also offered in H0 by
LS Models LS may refer to: Businesses * LS Group, a Korean company * Jet2.com (IATA code: LS), a British airline Latin * Lewis and Short (abbr. "L&S"), authors of the 1879 work ''A Latin Dictionary'' * Lectori Salutem (L.S.), Latin for 'Greetings Re ...
, but for the moment only in its '' '' 'KB version: KM, K1, KC, ...' '' '' therefore pocket wagons. * Since 2015, the kangaroo wagon with axles is offered by REE-Models at H0 scale individually or in a set comprising two wagons (and two trailers), a tractor and a ramp loading / unloading. Bernard Ciry, "Kangourou KE wagons in model making", '' Rail Miniature Flash'', n ° 599, Paris, Rigel Editions, June 2015, pages 28-33.


See also

*
Modalohr The Lohr Railway System or Modalohr System (french: Système Modalohr) uses special railway wagons of a type known as piggyback wagons, to carry standard road semi-trailers on the European rail network.Tiphook Tiphook PLC was a United Kingdom headquartered transport services company, registered on the London and New York stock markets, which became the world's second largest marine container leasing business in the 1990s. The Company was once a consti ...
*
Well car A well car, also known as a double-stack car (or also intermodal car/container car), is a type of railroad car specially designed to carry intermodal containers (shipping containers) used in intermodal freight transport. The "well" is a depresse ...


References


External links


Piggyback transport in the 60s, video in French
{{Freight cars Freight rolling stock International Union of Railways