was a after '' Genna'' and before ''

Shōhō was a after '' Kan'ei'' and before '' Keian''. This period spanned the years from December 1644 through February 1648. The reigning emperor was .Titsingh, Isaac. (1834) ''Annales des empereurs du japon'', p. 412./ref> Change of era * 1644 : T ...

.'' This period spanned the years from February 1624 through December 1644. The reigning emperors and single empress were , and .Titsingh, Isaac. (1834)
''Annales des empereurs du japon'', p. 411.
/ref>

Change of era

* 1624 : The era name was changed to mark the start of a new cycle of the

Chinese zodiac The Chinese zodiac is a traditional classification scheme based on the Chinese calendar that assigns an animal and its reputed attributes to each year in a repeating twelve-year (or duodenary) cycle. The zodiac is very important in traditional ...

. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Genna'' 9, on the 30th day of the 2nd month. This era name is derived from 寛広、永長 (meaning "Broad Leniency, Eternal Leader").

Events

* 1624 (''Kan'ei 1''): Construction of the Hōei-zan temple began. * November 4, 1626 (''Kan'ei 3, 16th day of the 9th month''): Emperor Go-Mizunoo and the empress visited Nijō Castle; they were accompanied by Princes of the Blood, palace ladies and ''

kuge The was a Japanese Aristocracy (class), aristocratic Social class, class that dominated the Japanese Imperial Court in Kyoto. The ''kuge'' were important from the establishment of Kyoto as the capital during the Heian period in the late 8th ce ...

''. Among the precedents for this was the Tenshō era visit of Emperor Go-Yōzei to

Toyotomi Hideyoshi , otherwise known as and , was a Japanese samurai and ''daimyō'' (feudal lord) of the late Sengoku period, Sengoku and Azuchi-Momoyama periods and regarded as the second "Great Unifier" of Japan.Richard Holmes, The World Atlas of Warfare: ...

's extravagant Heian-kyō mansion, Juraku-dai (which Hideyoshi himself would tear down in the 12th month of Bunroku 2). * 1626 (''Kan'ei 3''): The first '' Kan'ei Tsūhō'' (寛永通寳) cash coins were introduced in the Mito Domain. * 1629 (''Kan'ei 6''): The —the Emperor was accused of having bestowed honorific purple garments to more than ten priests despite the shōgun's edict which banned them for two years (probably in order to break the bond between the Emperor and religious circles). The shogunate intervened making the bestowing of the garments invalid. * December 22, 1629 ( ''Kan'ei 6, 8th day of the 11th month''): The emperor renounced the throne in favor of his daughter, Kyōshi * March 14, 1632 (''Kan'ei 9, 24th day of the 1st month''): Former Shōgun Hidetada died. * February 28, 1633 (''Kan'ei 10, 20th day of the 1st month''): There was an earthquake in Odawara in the Sagami. * 1634 (''Kan'ei 11, 7th month''): Shōgun

Tokugawa Iemitsu was the third ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate, Tokugawa dynasty. He was the eldest son of Tokugawa Hidetada with Oeyo, and the grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Lady Kasuga was his wet nurse, who acted as his political adviser and was at the ...

appeared at Court in Miyako; and he visited ex-emperor Go-Mizunoo.Titsingh
p. 411
Ponsonby-Fane, p. 317; compare with April 22, 1863 (''

Bunkyū was a after ''Man'en'' and before ''Genji (era), Genji''. This period spanned the years from March 1861 through March 1864. The reigning Emperor of Japan, emperor was . Change of era * March 29, 1861 (''Man'en 2/Bunkyū 1, 19th day of the 2nd ...

3, 5th day of the 3rd month''): Shogun

Tokugawa Iemochi (17 July 1846 – 29 August 1866) was the 14th '' shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, who held office from 1858 to 1866. During his reign there was much internal turmoil as a result of the "re-opening" of Japan to western nations. I ...

came to the capital and had an audience. This was the first time since the visit of Iemitsu in ''Kan'ei'' 11, 230 years before, that a shogun had visited Heian-kyō. In ''Bunkyō'' 3, Iemochi was summoned by the

Emperor Kōmei Osahito (22 July 1831 – 30 January 1867), posthumously honored as Emperor Kōmei, was the 121st emperor of Japan, according to the List of Emperors of Japan, traditional order of succession.Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō'')孝明天皇 ...

; and when he traveled from Edo to the capital, the shogun had 3,000 retainers as escort. (Ponsonby-Fane, p. 325.) Later, on the 22nd day of the 9th month was held at Fukiage Palace the famous martial arts tournament of 12 bout, organized by Shōgun Tokugawa Iemitsu, and held in the presence of the visiting Emperor. It entered in History under the name of ''Kan'ei Jōran Jiai'' and was judged by the two Kenjutsu instructor of the Shōgun. * 1635 (''Kan'ei 12''): An ambassador from the King of Korea was received in Heian-kyō. * 1636 (''Kan'ei 13''): The ''Kan'ei Tsūhō'' became the new standard copper cash coin of Japan. * 1637 (''Kan'ei 14''): There was a major Christian rebellion in Arima and Shimabara; shogunal forces are sent to quell the disturbance. * 1638 (''Kan'ei 15''): The Christian revolt was crushed; and 37,000 of the rebels are killed. The Christian religion is extirpated in Japan. * 1640 (''Kan'ei 17''): A Spanish ship from Macao brought a delegation of 61 people to Nagasaki. They arrived on July 6, 1640; and on August 9, all of them were decapitated and their heads were stuck on poles. * 1640-1643 (''Kan'ei 17-20''): Kan'ei Great Famine forces an agricultural reform giving a greater independence to the farmers and the reduction of military spendings. * 1643 (''Kan'ei 20''): An ambassador from the King of Korea arrived in Heian-kyō.Titsingh
p. 412.
/ref> * November 10, 1643 (''Kan'ei 20, 29th day of the 9th month''): In the 15th year of Empress Meishō's reign (明正天皇15年), the empress abdicated; and the succession (''senso'') was received by her brother.Titsingh
p. 412
Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki'', p. 44; a distinct act of ''senso'' is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except

Jitō were medieval territory stewards in Japan, especially in the Kamakura and Muromachi shogunates. Appointed by the shōgun, ''jitō'' managed manors, including national holdings governed by the '' kokushi'' or provincial governor. There were als ...

, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have ''senso'' and ''sokui'' in the same year until the reign of Go-Murakami. * December 15, 1643 (''Kan'ei 20, 5th day of the 11th month''): Emperor Go-Kōmyō acceded to the throne (''sokui'').

Notes

References

* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia''. Cambridge:

Harvard University Press Harvard University Press (HUP) is an academic publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University. It is a member of the Association of University Presses. Its director since 2017 is George Andreou. The pres ...

. , . . * Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon (1956). ''Kyoto: the Old Capital of Japan, 794–1869.'' Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. . * Screech, Timon (2006)
''Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822''
London: RoutledgeCurzon. , . . * Titsingh, Isaac (1834). '' Nihon Ōdai Ichiran''; ou
''Annales des empereurs du Japon''
Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. .

External links

National Diet Library The is the national library of Japan and among the largest libraries in the world. It was established in 1948 for the purpose of assisting members of the in researching matters of public policy. The library is similar in purpose and scope to ...

, "The Japanese Calendar
-- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
* Bank of Japan
''Kan'ei Tsuho''
''Bunsen'' (copper coin = one mon) {{DEFAULTSORT:Kanei Japanese eras 1620s in Japan 1630s in Japan 1640s in Japan 17th-century neologisms