Kallnach (french: Chouchignies) is a
municipality
A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate.
The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...
in the
Seeland administrative district in the
canton of
Bern
german: Berner(in)french: Bernois(e) it, bernese
, neighboring_municipalities = Bremgarten bei Bern, Frauenkappelen, Ittigen, Kirchlindach, Köniz, Mühleberg, Muri bei Bern, Neuenegg, Ostermundigen, Wohlen bei Bern, Zollikofen
, website ...
in
Switzerland
). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...
. On 1 January 2019 the former municipality of
Golaten
Golaten is a former municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2019 the former municipality of Golaten merged into the municipality of Kallnach.
History
Golaten is first men ...
merged into the municipality of Kallnach.
History
Kallnach is first mentioned in 1231 as ''apud Calnachon''.
[
Kallnach was the site of a ]Bronze Age
The Bronze Age is a historic period, lasting approximately from 3300 BC to 1200 BC, characterized by the use of bronze, the presence of writing in some areas, and other early features of urban civilization. The Bronze Age is the second pri ...
foundry as well as a small Roman era
In modern historiography, ancient Rome refers to Roman civilisation from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. It encompasses the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC ...
settlement or way station. The Roman road
Roman roads ( la, viae Romanae ; singular: ; meaning "Roman way") were physical infrastructure vital to the maintenance and development of the Roman state, and were built from about 300 BC through the expansion and consolidation of the Roman Re ...
from Aventicum
Aventicum was the largest town and capital of Roman Switzerland (Helvetia or Civitas Helvetiorum). Its remains are beside the modern town of Avenches.
The city was probably created ''ex nihilo'' in the early 1st century AD, as the capital of t ...
to Augusta Raurica
Augusta Raurica is a Roman archaeological site and an open-air museum in Switzerland located on the south bank of the Rhine river about 20 km east of Basel near the villages of Augst and Kaiseraugst. It is the site of the oldest known Roma ...
or Vindonissa
Vindonissa (from a Gaulish toponym in *''windo-'' "white") was a Roman legion camp, vicus and later a bishop's seat at modern Windisch, Switzerland. The remains of the camp are listed as a heritage site of national significance. The city of B ...
passed through Kallnach. A graveyard in Bergwegs indicates that the area was inhabited during the Early Middle Ages
The Early Middle Ages (or early medieval period), sometimes controversially referred to as the Dark Ages, is typically regarded by historians as lasting from the late 5th or early 6th century to the 10th century. They marked the start of the Mi ...
. In 1231 the Kyburg ministerialis
The ''ministeriales'' (singular: ''ministerialis'') were a class of people raised up from serfdom and placed in positions of power and responsibility in the High Middle Ages in the Holy Roman Empire.
The word and its German translations, ''Minis ...
(unfree knights in the service of a feudal
Feudalism, also known as the feudal system, was the combination of the legal, economic, military, cultural and political customs that flourished in Middle Ages, medieval Europe between the 9th and 15th centuries. Broadly defined, it was a wa ...
overlord) family of Oltigen and the monasteries of Frauenkappelen, Frienisberg and Tedlingen all owned property in Kallnach. The ministerialis family of Schüpfen held the low justice
High, middle and low justices are notions dating from Western feudalism to indicate descending degrees of judicial power to administer justice by the maximal punishment the holders could inflict upon their subjects and other dependents.
Low just ...
right in Kallnach and Niederried. These properties and rights passed through a number of families until Bern
german: Berner(in)french: Bernois(e) it, bernese
, neighboring_municipalities = Bremgarten bei Bern, Frauenkappelen, Ittigen, Kirchlindach, Köniz, Mühleberg, Muri bei Bern, Neuenegg, Ostermundigen, Wohlen bei Bern, Zollikofen
, website ...
bought the village in 1521–22 and incorporated it into the bailiwick
A bailiwick () is usually the area of jurisdiction of a bailiff, and once also applied to territories in which a privately appointed bailiff exercised the sheriff's functions under a royal or imperial writ. The bailiwick is probably modelled on th ...
of Aarberg
Aarberg is a historic town and a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
Aarberg lies 20 kilometers from Bern above the river Aare. With an area of , Aarberg borders Bargen, Kappelen, Lyss, Rade ...
.
The village church was built in 1608 over the ruins of an earlier, medieval chapel.
The village periodically flooded when the nearby Grosses Moos
Grand Marais (german: Grosses Moos) in Seeland is a region in Switzerland, at the foot of the first mountain range of the Jura Mountains contained by the three lakes of Morat (Murten), Neuchâtel and Bienne (Biel). Before the huge hydrologic ...
marsh flooded. The Jura water correction projects of 1868–91, 1933–36 and 1964–71 helped to end the flooding. The swampy land around the village was replaced with rich farm land that is now intensively farmed. In 1909–12 a hydroelectric power plant was built on the Aare
The Aare () or Aar () is a tributary of the High Rhine and the longest river that both rises and ends entirely within Switzerland.
Its total length from its source to its junction with the Rhine comprises about , during which distance it descend ...
river near Kallnach. The plant was expanded in 1978–80 and remains a major employer in the municipality. The ''Broye
The Broye (; frp, Brouye''Dictionnaire-Dikchenéro: Français-Patois/Patê-Franché''. Société cantonale des patoisans fribourgeois. Fribourg: 2013. p. 87 ) is a 68 km long river, in the cantons of Fribourg and Vaud, in Switzerland. It ha ...
tal'' railroad (build in 1876) and the Lyss
Lyss () is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2011, the former municipality of Busswil bei Büren was merged with Lyss.[Murten
Murten (German language, German) or Morat (French language, French, ; frp, Morât ) is a bilingual Municipalities of Switzerland, municipality and a city in the See (district of Fribourg), See district of the Cantons of Switzerland, canton of Fr ...]
road allowed the village to grow. In the second half of the 20th century created the new housing developments of Krähenberg (1949), Rebe and Ammengasse (1970–80) were built to house the growing population.[
]
Geography
Kallnach has an area of . Of this area, or 75.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 12.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 9.0% is settled (buildings or roads), or 2.0% is either rivers or lakes and or 0.6% is unproductive land.[Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics]
2009 data accessed 25 March 2010
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 3.9% and transportation infrastructure made up 3.6%. Out of the forested land, 11.4% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.2% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 67.4% is used for growing crops and 6.5% is pastures, while 1.7% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.[
The municipality is located on the eastern edge of the Grosses Moos marsh between the ]Aare
The Aare () or Aar () is a tributary of the High Rhine and the longest river that both rises and ends entirely within Switzerland.
Its total length from its source to its junction with the Rhine comprises about , during which distance it descend ...
river and the Hagneck
Hagneck is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
History
Archeological discoveries
Traces of early and late Bronze Age settlements have been found in the Hagneck marshland, which is part of ...
Canal. It consists of the linear village
Linearity is the property of a mathematical relationship (''function'') that can be graphically represented as a straight line. Linearity is closely related to '' proportionality''. Examples in physics include rectilinear motion, the linear r ...
of Kallnach.
The municipalities of Kallnach and Niederried bei Kallnach
Niederried bei Kallnach is a former municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
To the southeast of the municipality lies the Niederried reservoir. It is a refuge of international importance for ...
are considering a merger on 1 January 2013 where Kallnach will absorb Niederried.[Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz]
published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 21 December 2011
Coat of arms
The blazon
In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image. The verb ''to blazon'' means to create such a description. The vis ...
of the municipal coat of arms
A coat of arms is a heraldry, heraldic communication design, visual design on an escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the latter two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central ele ...
is ''Azure a clapper Argent between two mullets Or.''
Demographics
Kallnach has a population () of . , 8.4% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 2.1%. Migration accounted for 3.8%, while births and deaths accounted for −2%.[Swiss Federal Statistical Office]
accessed 3 May 2012
Most of the population () speaks German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
** Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ge ...
(1,416 or 96.0%) as their first language, Albanian
Albanian may refer to:
*Pertaining to Albania in Southeast Europe; in particular:
**Albanians, an ethnic group native to the Balkans
**Albanian language
**Albanian culture
**Demographics of Albania, includes other ethnic groups within the country ...
is the second most common (15 or 1.0%) and French is the third (12 or 0.8%). There are 7 people who speak Italian
Italian(s) may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries
** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom
** Italian language, a Romance language
*** Regional Ita ...
and 1 person who speaks Romansh.[
, the population was 50.1% male and 49.9% female. The population was made up of 698 Swiss men (45.3% of the population) and 74 (4.8%) non-Swiss men. There were 714 Swiss women (46.3%) and 5 (0.3%) non-Swiss women.][Statistical office of the Canton of Bern]
accessed 4 January 2012 Of the population in the municipality, 601 or about 40.7% were born in Kallnach and lived there in 2000. There were 551 or 37.4% who were born in the same canton, while 172 or 11.7% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 114 or 7.7% were born outside of Switzerland.[
, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 25.9% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 58.6% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 15.5%.][
, there were 615 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 750 married individuals, 71 widows or widowers and 39 individuals who are divorced.][STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 – 2000]
accessed 2 February 2011
, there were 581 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.5 persons per household.[ There were 163 households that consist of only one person and 49 households with five or more people. , a total of 556 apartments (92.5% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 25 apartments (4.2%) were seasonally occupied and 20 apartments (3.3%) were empty.][Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB – Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 – Gebäude und Wohnungen]
accessed 28 January 2011 , the construction rate of new housing units was 6.5 new units per 1000 residents.[ The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 1.05%.][
The historical population is given in the following chart:]
Colors=
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id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8)
ImageSize = width:1020 height:210
PlotArea = top:10 left:100 bottom:50 right:100
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Period = from:0 till:1600
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ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:60 start:0
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color:yellowgreen width:40 mark:(line,white) align:center
bar:1764 from:start till:455 text:"455"
bar:1850 from:start till:832 text:"832"
bar:1860 from:start till:719 text:"719"
bar:1870 from:start till:784 text:"784"
bar:1880 from:start till:973 text:"973"
bar:1888 from:start till:906 text:"906"
bar:1900 from:start till:848 text:"848"
bar:1910 from:start till:1520 text:"1,520"
bar:1920 from:start till:1287 text:"1,287"
bar:1930 from:start till:1162 text:"1,162"
bar:1941 from:start till:1179 text:"1,179"
bar:1950 from:start till:1301 text:"1,301"
bar:1960 from:start till:1316 text:"1,316"
bar:1970 from:start till:1233 text:"1,233"
bar:1980 from:start till:1127 text:"1,127"
bar:1990 from:start till:1301 text:"1,301"
bar:2000 from:start till:1475 text:"1,475"
Sights
The entire region around the power plant at Kallnach is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites
The Federal Inventory of Heritage Sites (ISOS) is part of a 1981 Ordinance of the Swiss Federal Council implementing the Federal Law on the Protection of Nature and Cultural Heritage.
Sites of national importance
Types
The types are based on t ...
.
Kallnach is considered the longest ''Straßendorf'' (a village that lies almost entirely along a single road) in Switzerland. It stretches along the foot of a moraine
A moraine is any accumulation of unconsolidated debris (regolith and rock), sometimes referred to as glacial till, that occurs in both currently and formerly glaciated regions, and that has been previously carried along by a glacier or ice shee ...
of the Rhône Glacier
, french: Glacier du Rhône, it, ghiacciaio del Rodano
, photo = Ghiacciaiorhone.jpg
, photo_caption = View towards the Tieralplistock
, type = Valley glacier
, location = Furka Pass, Valais, Switzerland
, coords ...
at the edge of the Grosses Moos
Grand Marais (german: Grosses Moos) in Seeland is a region in Switzerland, at the foot of the first mountain range of the Jura Mountains contained by the three lakes of Morat (Murten), Neuchâtel and Bienne (Biel). Before the huge hydrologic ...
. It lies on the road from Lyss
Lyss () is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2011, the former municipality of Busswil bei Büren was merged with Lyss.[Aarberg
Aarberg is a historic town and a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
Aarberg lies 20 kilometers from Bern above the river Aare. With an area of , Aarberg borders Bargen, Kappelen, Lyss, Rade ...]
to Kerzers
Kerzers is a municipality in the district of See in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. Its French name is Chiètres (; frp, Chiétres ).
History
Kerzers is first mentioned in 926 as ''Cartris''. In 1153 it was mentioned as ''Kercers''. ...
. It has a train station on the Broyetal Line (which connects Aarberg and Kerzers).
The remains of a Roman road
Roman roads ( la, viae Romanae ; singular: ; meaning "Roman way") were physical infrastructure vital to the maintenance and development of the Roman state, and were built from about 300 BC through the expansion and consolidation of the Roman Re ...
which connected the settlements of Aventicum
Aventicum was the largest town and capital of Roman Switzerland (Helvetia or Civitas Helvetiorum). Its remains are beside the modern town of Avenches.
The city was probably created ''ex nihilo'' in the early 1st century AD, as the capital of t ...
and Petinesca
Petinesca is an archeological site on the territory of Studen, a community of the Canton of Bern, in Switzerland, where Celtic and Roman vestiges were found.
Celtic and Roman vestiges
The site lies at the SE edge of the Jensberg mountain. Celt ...
have been found in ''the Aspi''. Excavations in 1989 revealed remains which have been variously interpreted as a restaurant, a customs office, or a horse-changing station. In the seventh century, Romans still lived in the area of today's Kallnach, as evidenced by their remains and graves.
Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 47.61% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SPS
SPS may refer to:
Law and government
* Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures of the WTO
* NATO Science for Peace and Security
* Single Payment Scheme, an EU agricultural subsidy
* The Standard Procurement System, fo ...
(17.84%), the FDP (10.37%) and the Green Party
A green party is a formally organized political party based on the principles of green politics, such as social justice, environmentalism and nonviolence.
Greens believe that these issues are inherently related to one another as a foundation ...
(9.24%). In the federal election, a total of 501 votes were cast, and the voter turnout
In political science, voter turnout is the participation rate (often defined as those who cast a ballot) of a given election. This can be the percentage of registered voters, eligible voters, or all voting-age people. According to Stanford Unive ...
was 44.6%.
Economy
, Kallnach had an unemployment rate of 1%. , there were 99 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 39 businesses involved in this sector. 144 people were employed in the secondary sector
In macroeconomics, the secondary sector of the economy is an economic sector in the three-sector theory that describes the role of manufacturing. It encompasses industries that produce a finished, usable product or are involved in constructi ...
and there were 19 businesses in this sector. 389 people were employed in the tertiary sector
The tertiary sector of the economy, generally known as the service sector, is the third of the three economic sectors in the three-sector model (also known as the economic cycle). The others are the primary sector (raw materials) and the second ...
, with 38 businesses in this sector.[
the total number of ]full-time equivalent
Full-time equivalent (FTE), or whole time equivalent (WTE), is a unit that indicates the workload of an employee, employed person (or student) in a way that makes workloads or class loads comparable across various contexts. FTE is often used to me ...
jobs was 524. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 67, of which 66 were in agriculture and 1 was in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 133 of which 78 or (58.6%) were in manufacturing and 55 (41.4%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 324. In the tertiary sector; 65 or 20.1% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 192 or 59.3% were in the movement and storage of goods, 14 or 4.3% were in a hotel or restaurant, 10 or 3.1% were technical professionals or scientists, 13 or 4.0% were in education and 9 or 2.8% were in health care.
, there were 341 workers who commuted into the municipality and 484 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.4 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering.[Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Statweb]
accessed 24 June 2010 Of the working population, 11.7% used public transportation to get to work, and 57.3% used a private car.[
]
Religion
From the , 96 or 6.5% were Roman Catholic
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
*Rome, the capital city of Italy
*Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
*Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...
, while 1,206 or 81.8% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church
The Protestant Church in Switzerland (PCS), (EKS); french: Église évangélique réformée de Suisse (EERS); it, Chiesa evangelica riformata in Svizzera (CERiS); rm, Baselgia evangelica refurmada da la Svizra (BRRS) formerly named Federation o ...
. Of the rest of the population, there were 3 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.20% of the population), there were 2 individuals (or about 0.14% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 56 individuals (or about 3.80% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 51 (or about 3.46% of the population) who were Islam
Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...
ic. There were 5 individuals who were Buddhist
Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and ...
and 1 individual who belonged to another church. 53 (or about 3.59% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic
Agnosticism is the view or belief that the existence of God, of the divine or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. (page 56 in 1967 edition) Another definition provided is the view that "human reason is incapable of providing sufficient ...
or atheist
Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities. Less broadly, atheism is a rejection of the belief that any deities exist. In an even narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there no ...
, and 30 individuals (or about 2.03% of the population) did not answer the question.[
]
Education
In Kallnach about 622 or (42.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 129 or (8.7%) have completed additional higher education (either university
A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...
or a ''Fachhochschule
A ''Fachhochschule'' (; plural ''Fachhochschulen''), abbreviated FH, is a university of applied sciences (UAS), in other words a German tertiary education institution that provides professional education in many applied sciences and applied arts ...
''). Of the 129 who completed tertiary schooling, 76.7% were Swiss men, 20.9% were Swiss women.[
The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory ]Kindergarten
Kindergarten is a preschool educational approach based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school. Such institutions were originally made in the late 18th cent ...
, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship
Apprenticeship is a system for training a new generation of practitioners of a Tradesman, trade or profession with on-the-job training and often some accompanying study (classroom work and reading). Apprenticeships can also enable practitioners ...
.
During the 2009–10 school year, there were a total of 147 students attending classes in Kallnach. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 18 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 5.6% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 5.6% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 5 primary classes and 96 students. Of the primary students, 9.4% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 6.3% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there were 2 lower secondary classes with a total of 33 students. There were 3.0% who were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 6.1% have a different mother language than the classroom language.[Schuljahr 2009/10 pdf document]
accessed 4 January 2012 , there were 18 students in Kallnach who came from another municipality, while 79 residents attended schools outside the municipality.[
Kallnach is home to the ''Kultur- und Bibliotheksverein Kallnach und Niederried'' library (shared between Kallnach and Niederried). The library has () 6,491 books or other media, and loaned out 4,404 items in the same year. It was open a total of 169 days with average of 7.5 hours per week during that year.]
accessed 14 May 2010
Transportation
The municipality has a railway station, , on the Palézieux–Lyss line. It has regular service to and .
References
External links
*
{{Authority control
Municipalities of the canton of Bern