Minat al-Qal'a (اشدود; lit. "the harbour of the fort"), sometimes wrongly named Qal'at al-Mina, is a medieval
coastal fort protecting the port known as
Ashdod-Yam
Ashdod-Yam (lit. "Ashdod on the Sea" in Hebrew) is an archaeological site on the Mediterranean coast of Israel. It is located in the southern part of the modern city of Ashdod, and about 5 kilometres northwest of where Ashdod stood in the time ...
(lit. "Ashdod-on-the-Sea"), which was historically separate from
Ashdod proper but whose archaeological remains are today located on the southern beach of the sprawling modern city of Ashdod. The fort has been built by the
Umayyads Umayyads may refer to:
*Umayyad dynasty, a Muslim ruling family of the Caliphate (661–750) and in Spain (756–1031)
*Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)
:*Emirate of Córdoba (756–929)
:*Caliphate of Córdoba
The Caliphate of Córdoba ( ar, خ ...
and later restored and used again by the
Crusaders
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The best known of these Crusades are those to the Holy Land in the period between 1095 and 1291 that were in ...
.
[Pringle, 1997, p]
72
/ref>
History
Early Muslim period
The fort was built by the Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (reign 685–705 CE) before the end of the 7th century on top of Byzantine-era remains. It was in use during the 10th-11th centuries, and was restored and used again by the Crusaders in the late 12th century after sustaining serious damage from the 1033 earthquake.[Vunsh, Tal and Sivan, 2013,]
Horbat Ashdod-Yam
/ref>[Petersen, 2005, pp]
90
91 Its medieval Arabic name was Mahuz Azdud, "harbour of Azdud", after centuries of being known as "Azotus paralios" (Greek for Ashdod-on-the-Sea)[Petersen, 2001, pp]
159-160
/ref>
Crusader period
Archaeological excavations show that the fort was restored and reused during the Crusader period.[ They come to prove what was already known from documents from the era, which indicate that Nicolas de Beroard, a knight of lord Hugh of Ramla, was in charge of the stronghold in 1169. From this period it is known as Castellum Beroart.
]
Ayyubid and Mamluk periods
The port stops being mentioned during the Ayyubid and Mamluk periods, making it likely that it was destroyed by the Muslims along with the other port cities from the coast of Palestine, due to fears that they might again be used by Crusader invasions from the sea.[
]
Modern period
In 1863 Victor Guérin
Victor Guérin (15 September 1821 – 21 Septembe 1890) was a French intellectual, explorer and amateur archaeologist. He published books describing the geography, archeology and history of the areas he explored, which included Greece, Asia Min ...
visited and described it, while in 1873-4, it was described by Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau.
In 1882, the Palestine Exploration Fund's ''Survey of Western Palestine'' described it as being apparently from "the Middle Ages".[Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, pp]
426
427
The modern Arabic name, Minat al-Qal'a, means "The harbour (''mina'') with the fortress (''qal'a'')", while the modern Hebrew name, "Horbat Ashdod Yam", reflects both the current state of the fort and its ancient name: "ruins (''horbat'') of Ashdod-on-the-Sea".
Description
The almost rectangular fortress (35x55 meters) was enclosed by a six to seven meters high curtain wall. It has four solid corner towers, and two semicircular ones flanking each of the two huge gates that gave access to the strongholdto from the west and east.
See also
* Ashdod-Yam ("Ashdod on the Sea"), Ashdod's historic twin city, now part of modern Ashdod
* Ashdod, the historic twin city of Ashdod on the Sea, today has largest Israeli port
Gallery
Image:Ashdod Mezuda Bastion.JPG, Ashdod-Yam (Ashdod on the Sea), Minat al-Qal'a fort. Northwestern corner tower
Image:Ashdod Mezuda Gate.JPG, Ashdod-Yam (Ashdod on the Sea), Minat al-Qal'a fort. The Sea Gate, or western gate
Image:Ashdod Mezuda Store1.JPG, Ashdod-Yam (Ashdod on the Sea), Minat al-Qal'a fort. Vaulted storerooms
Image:Ashdod Mezuda Store2.JPG, Ashdod-Yam (Ashdod on the Sea), Minat al-Qal'a fort. Vaulted storerooms
Image:Ashdod Mezuda Arks.JPG, Ashdod-Yam (Ashdod on the Sea), Minat al-Qal'a fort. Arches
Image:Ashdod Mezuda Stairs.jpg, Ashdod-Yam (Ashdod on the Sea), Minat al-Qal'a fort. Staircase to upper floor
Image:Ashdod Mezuda View.JPG, Ashdod-Yam (Ashdod on the Sea), Minat al-Qal'a fort. View towards Sea Gate
Image:Ashdod Mezuda Sea.JPG, Ashdod-Yam (Ashdod on the Sea), Minat al-Qal'a fort. Eroded northern tower of the Sea Gate (or western gate)
Image:Ashdod Lighthouse1.JPG, Ashdod, ancient lighthouse which was used in conjunction with Minat al-Qal'a fort (at top of modern staircase)
Image:Ashdod Lighthouse3.JPG, Ashdod, ancient lighthouse which was used in conjunction with Minat al-Qal'a fort
References
Bibliography
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External links
*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 16
IAAWikimedia commons
{{Authority control
Ashdod
Archaeological sites in Israel
Islamic architecture
Crusader castles
Castles in Israel
he:אשדוד ים#תאור המצודה