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{{Short description, Dialect of Finnish
Kainuu dialect is a dialect of
Tutkijaryhmä selittää uudella tavalla Suomen murrealueet – Luonnonolojen synnyttämät kulttuurikuplat eriyttivät puhetavat
'. hs.fi. Retrieved 2021-12-17. The Kainuu dialect can be divided into Northern, Central, and Southern groups. The Northern Kainuu dialect is spoken in Koillismaa, Posio and Ranua. The Central dialect is spoken in most of Kainuu, as well as in Vaala. The Southern dialect is spoken in
3.6 Savolaismurteiden piirteitä
'. Suomen murteet. sokl.uef.fi. Retrieved 2021-12-17. A common feature in the dialect are the occurrence of different
Kulkemista ja paikallaan olemista ilmaisevat verbit Kainuun murteen verbisanastossa
'. University of Oulu. Pages: 2–3. Breaking of consonant clusters through vowel epenthesis is also common, such as in jɑlɑkɑ for ''jalka'' /ˈˈjɑlkɑ/ ‘leg’). Consonant strengthening (or gemination) in intervocalic contexts is also very common in Kainuu dialects, such as ɑnːoːfor ''sanoo'' ɑnoː ‘s/he says’) or mɑksetːɑːnfor ''maksetaan'' /ˈmɑksetɑːn/ (‘it is paid’). However, many features that are common in other Savonian dialects are missing in Kainuu dialects. For example, Kainuu Finnish shows no palatalization at the end of words, nor are the personal pronouns yø̯ yø̯and yø̯instead of ''me, te,'' and ''he'' /me te he/.
Text and sound sample from SuomussalmiTexts and sound samples from Puolanka
Kainuu dialect is a dialect of Finnish
Finnish may refer to:
* Something or someone from, or related to Finland
* Culture of Finland
* Finnish people or Finns, the primary ethnic group in Finland
* Finnish language, the national language of the Finnish people
* Finnish cuisine
See also ...
spoken in Kainuu
Kainuu ( sv, Kajanaland) is one of the 19 regions of Finland (''maakunta'' / ''landskap''). Kainuu borders the regions of North Ostrobothnia, North Savo and North Karelia. In the east, it also borders Russia (Republic of Karelia).
Culturally Kai ...
, Vaala
Vaala is a municipality in Finland. It is located in the North Ostrobothnia region. Established in 1954 (predecessor municipality ''Säräisniemi'', established in 1867), the municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which ...
, Koillismaa, Posio
Posio is a municipality of Finland.
It is located in the province of Lapland. The municipality has a population of
() and covers an area of of
which
is water. The population density is
. Neighbour municipalities are Rovaniemi, Kemijärvi, Ranua ...
and Ranua
Ranua is a municipalities of Finland, municipality of Finland. It is located in the provinces of Finland, province of Lapland, Finland, Lapland. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population dens ...
. It belongs to the Savonian dialects
The Savonian dialects (also called Savo Finnish)( fi, Savolaismurteet) are forms of the Finnish language spoken in Savonia and other parts of Eastern Finland. Finnish dialects are grouped broadly into Eastern and Western varieties; Savonian diale ...
, or more broadly, the eastern dialects of Finnish. Due to the region's close ties to North Ostrobothnia
North Ostrobothnia ( fi, Pohjois-Pohjanmaa; sv, Norra Österbotten) is a region of Finland. It borders the Finnish regions of Lapland, Kainuu, North Savo, Central Finland and Central Ostrobothnia, as well as the Russian Republic of Karelia. T ...
, the dialect has been influenced in vocabulary by Central and Northern Ostrobothnian dialects
Central and Northern Ostrobothnian dialects ( fi, Keski-ja Pohjois-Pohjanmaan murteet) are Western Finnish dialects spoken in Northern and Central Ostrobothnia, as well as in the Ranua municipality in Lapland. The dialects have been influenced ...
and vice versa.Puuttonen, Mikko (2018). Tutkijaryhmä selittää uudella tavalla Suomen murrealueet – Luonnonolojen synnyttämät kulttuurikuplat eriyttivät puhetavat
'. hs.fi. Retrieved 2021-12-17. The Kainuu dialect can be divided into Northern, Central, and Southern groups. The Northern Kainuu dialect is spoken in Koillismaa, Posio and Ranua. The Central dialect is spoken in most of Kainuu, as well as in Vaala. The Southern dialect is spoken in
Sotkamo
Sotkamo is a municipality of Finland, located in the Kainuu region about east of Kajaani, the capital of Kainuu. Vuokatti, in west of Sotkamo, is the most populous village in the municipality and also a popular skiing resort. Both Hiidenportti Na ...
and Kuhmo
Kuhmo (known as ''Kuhmoniemi'' until 1937) is a town and a municipality in Finland and is located at the south-eastern corner of the Kainuu region. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population ...
, in Southern Kainuu.
Features
As typical for non-standard dialects of Finnish, the /d/ sound usually occurs as other consonants in the Kainuu dialect. For example, the word ''lehdet'' (/ˈlehdet/ ‘leaves’) occurs as /ˈlehet/, the word ''pöydät'' (/ˈpøy̯dɑt/ ‘tables’) occurs as pøy̯ʋɑt the word ''hidas'' (/ˈhidɑs/ ‘slow’) sounds like hijɑs and the word ''saada'' (/ˈsɑːdɑ/ ‘to get’) sounds like sɑːhɑ Theaffricate
An affricate is a consonant that begins as a stop and releases as a fricative, generally with the same place of articulation (most often coronal). It is often difficult to decide if a stop and fricative form a single phoneme or a consonant pair. ...
/ts/ present in the standard variety also occurs as different sounds, such as in mehtæ ''~'' ˈmetæn(''metsä'' ~ ''metsän,'' "forest") and ohtɑfor (''otsa'' /ˈotsɑ/ ‘forehead’).Savolainen, Erkki (1998). 3.6 Savolaismurteiden piirteitä
'. Suomen murteet. sokl.uef.fi. Retrieved 2021-12-17. A common feature in the dialect are the occurrence of different
diphthongs
A diphthong ( ; , ), also known as a gliding vowel, is a combination of two adjacent vowel sounds within the same syllable. Technically, a diphthong is a vowel with two different targets: that is, the tongue (and/or other parts of the speech o ...
from standard Finnish. For instance, ''koira'' (/ˈkoirɑ/ dog) is koe̯rɑ ''Kainuu'' /kɑi̯nuː/ is ɑe̯nuː ''kaula'' (/kɑu̯lɑ/ neck) is pronounced ɑo̯lɑ and ''täysi'' (/ˈtæy̯si/ ‘full’) is æø̯si At the same time, long vowels that are present in the standard variety such as /æː/ in words like ''määrä'' /ˈmæːræ/, ‘quantity’) occur as meæ̯ræin Kainuu Finnish. This diphthongization is, on the other hand, quite rare in nearby Vaala
Vaala is a municipality in Finland. It is located in the North Ostrobothnia region. Established in 1954 (predecessor municipality ''Säräisniemi'', established in 1867), the municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which ...
and Koillismaa.Vattula, Laura (2019). Kulkemista ja paikallaan olemista ilmaisevat verbit Kainuun murteen verbisanastossa
'. University of Oulu. Pages: 2–3. Breaking of consonant clusters through vowel epenthesis is also common, such as in jɑlɑkɑ for ''jalka'' /ˈˈjɑlkɑ/ ‘leg’). Consonant strengthening (or gemination) in intervocalic contexts is also very common in Kainuu dialects, such as ɑnːoːfor ''sanoo'' ɑnoː ‘s/he says’) or mɑksetːɑːnfor ''maksetaan'' /ˈmɑksetɑːn/ (‘it is paid’). However, many features that are common in other Savonian dialects are missing in Kainuu dialects. For example, Kainuu Finnish shows no palatalization at the end of words, nor are the personal pronouns yø̯ yø̯and yø̯instead of ''me, te,'' and ''he'' /me te he/.
Links
Text and sound sample from Suomussalmi
References