Kaduna State ( ha, Jihar Kaduna جىِهَر كَدُنا; ff, Leydi Kaduna, script=Latn, ; kcg, Sitet Kaduna) is a

state State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * ''Our S ...

in northern

Nigeria Nigeria ( ), , ig, Naìjíríyà, yo, Nàìjíríà, pcm, Naijá , ff, Naajeeriya, kcg, Naijeriya officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf o ...

. The state capital is its namesake, the city of

Kaduna Kaduna is the capital city of Kaduna State, and the former political capital of Northern Nigeria. It is located in north-western Nigeria, on the Kaduna River. It is a trade Centre and a major transportation hub as the gateway to northern Nige ...

which happened to be the 8th largest city in the country as at 2006. Created in 1967 as North-Central State, which also encompassed the modern

Katsina State Katsina State ''(Hausa: Jihar Katsina) (Fula: Leydi Katsina 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤳𞤢𞥁𞤭𞤲𞤢)'' is a state in the northwestern geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Katsina State was created in 1987, when it split from Kaduna State. Today, K ...

, Kaduna State achieved its current borders in 1987. The fourth largest and third most populous state in the country, Kaduna State is nicknamed the ''Centre of Learning'', owing to the presence of numerous educational institutions of importance within the state such as

Ahmadu Bello University Ahmadu Bello University Zaria is a federal government research university in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. ABU was founded on 4 October 1962, as the pioneer university in Northern Nigeria. It was founded and named after the Sardauna of Sokoto, A ...

. Modern Kaduna State is home to the sites of some of Africa's oldest civilizations, including the Nok civilization that prospered from to .Breunig, Peter. 2014. Nok: African Sculpture in Archaeological Context: p. 21.Fagg, Bernard. 1969. Recent work in west Africa: New light on the Nok culture. World Archaeology 1(1): 41–50. In the 9th century,

geographer A geographer is a physical scientist, social scientist or humanist whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's natural environment and human society, including how society and nature interacts. The Greek prefix "geo" means "earth" a ...

and historian

Ya'qubi ʾAbū l-ʿAbbās ʾAḥmad bin ʾAbī Yaʿqūb bin Ǧaʿfar bin Wahb bin Waḍīḥ al-Yaʿqūbī (died 897/8), commonly referred to simply by his nisba al-Yaʿqūbī, was an Arab Muslim geographer and perhaps the first historian of world cul ...

documented the existence of the

Hausa Kingdoms The Hausa Kingdoms, also known as Hausa Kingdom or Hausaland, was a collection of states started by the Hausa people, situated between the Niger River and Lake Chad (modern day northern Nigeria). Hausaland lay between the Western Sudanic kingdom ...

, which existed until the region was incorporated into the Sokoto Caliphate in the early 1800s following the

Fulani War The Fulani War of 1804–1808, also known as the Fulani Jihad or Jihad of Usman dan Fodio, was a military conflict in present-day Nigeria and Cameroon. The war began when Usman Dan Fodiyo, a prominent Islamic scholar and teacher, was exiled ...

. During the

colonial Colonial or The Colonial may refer to: * Colonial, of, relating to, or characteristic of a colony or colony (biology) Architecture * American colonial architecture * French Colonial * Spanish Colonial architecture Automobiles * Colonial (1920 au ...

era, the city of Kaduna was made the capital of Northern Nigeria Protectorate by British leadership. The name ''Kaduna'' is believed to be a corruption of the

Hausa Hausa may refer to: * Hausa people, an ethnic group of West Africa * Hausa language, spoken in West Africa * Hausa Kingdoms, a historical collection of Hausa city-states * Hausa (horse) or Dongola horse, an African breed of riding horse See also ...

word , which means crocodile; the

Kaduna River The Kaduna River is a tributary of the Niger River which flows for through Nigeria. It got its name from the crocodiles that lived in the river and surrounding area. Kaduna in the native dialect, Hausa, was the word for "crocodiles". It starts ...

previously hosted a large crocodile population. The state economy is dependent on

agriculture Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to ...

, especially cotton and

groundnut Groundnut may refer to: * Seeds that ripen underground, of the following plants, all in the Faboideae subfamily of the legumes: ** '' Best Basketball Player'', Obinna Udunni ** '' Arachis villosulicarpa'', a perennial peanut species ** ''Vigna sub ...

production. In the modern era, Kaduna State has been the site of violent

ethnic An ethnic group or an ethnicity is a grouping of people who identify with each other on the basis of shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups. Those attributes can include common sets of traditions, ancestry, language, history, ...

and

religious Religion is usually defined as a social- cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relates humanity to supernatur ...

conflict, with the 2002

Miss World riots The Miss World riots were a series of religiously motivated riots in the Nigerian city of Kaduna in November 2002, claiming the lives of more than 200 people. The Miss World beauty pageant, which was controversial in Nigeria, was relocated to L ...

in the state capital over purported

blasphemy Blasphemy is a speech crime and religious crime usually defined as an utterance that shows contempt, disrespects or insults a deity, an object considered sacred or something considered inviolable. Some religions regard blasphemy as a religiou ...

leading to around 250 deaths and the loss of homes for around 30,000.

Etymology

The word ''Kaduna'' is said to be a corruption of the

Hausa language Hausa (; /; Ajami: ) is a Chadic language spoken by the Hausa people in the northern half of Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, Benin and Togo, and the southern half of Niger, Chad and Sudan, with significant minorities in Ivory Coast. Hausa is a member ...

word '"Kada' " for Crocodile and the plural is "Kadduna" for crocodiles, as there were previously many crocodiles in the river of Kaduna. Another version of the etymology of the name is a narrative linked to the

Gbagyi Gbagyi or Gbari (plural - Agbagyi/Agbari) is the name and the language of Gbagyi/Gbari ethnic group who are predominantly found in Central Nigeria, with a population of about 1 million people. Members of the ethnic group speak two dialects. While ...

word/name 'Odna' for River Kaduna. in the coat of arm of the state, there is a symbol of crocodile, and majority of emblem related to the state uses crocodile as a symbol. The state football club Kaduna United F.C. used "''The Crocodiles"'' as a nickname.

History

It is indicative that the name, Kaduna, was taken up by Lord

Frederick Lugard Frederick John Dealtry Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard (22 January 1858 – 11 April 1945), known as Sir Frederick Lugard between 1901 and 1928, was a British soldier, mercenary, explorer of Africa and colonial administrator. He was Governor of Hong ...

and his colonial colleagues when they moved the capital of the then Northern Region from Zungeru to Kaduna city in 1916. This move of the colonial office to Kaduna city started in 1912–1918/20 with the initial effort having been made in 1902 from Jebba to Zungeru. At the start of British colonial rule in northern Nigeria the people groups who live in the area became 'Northern Nigerians'- a construct which continues even today. By 1967 these people groups again were carved into 'North Central State'; this was the case until 1975 that 'Kaduna State' was formerly created by the then military leader, Gen.

Murtala Mohammed Murtala Ramat Muhammad (8 November 1938 – 13 February 1976) was a Nigerian general who led the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup in overthrowing the Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi military regime and featured prominently during the Nigerian Civil War ...

, with all distinct identities amalgamated into one state without a referendum. The state hence is the successor of the old Northern Region of Nigeria, which had its capital at Kaduna which is now the state capital to about 6.3 million people (Nigerian census figure, 2006). In 1967, the old Northern Region was divided into six states in the north, leaving Kaduna as the capital of North-Central State, whose name was changed to Kaduna State in 1976. Meanwhile, Kaduna State was further divided in 1987, creating

. Under the governance of Kaduna are the ancient cities of

Zaria Zaria is a List of Nigerian cities by population, metropolitan city in Nigeria which at the present time lies within four (4) local government areas in Kaduna State, Kaduna state; it happens to be the capital city to the Zazzau, Zazzau Emirate ...

Kafanchan Kafanchan ('' Fantswam'': A̠byin Fantswam; '' Nikyob'': Manɡyanɡ) is a town located in the southern part of Kaduna State, Nigeria, which owes much of its development to the railway development in the area, being situated at a particular jun ...

, and

Nok Nok is a village in Jaba Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. The village is an archeological site. Archaeology The discovery of terracotta figurines at this location caused its name to be used for the Nok culture, of which these ...

, the area where Africa's earliest civilization is recorded to have been excavated. The most intriguing aspect of this area is that the colonial construction and its post-colonial successor called 'Nigeria' hardly documented the history or the method of how Kaduna state's people groups encompassed in these constructs define and identify themselves as such the people groups who populate the area have lived in near oblivion or obscurity as they often are thought of as

Hausa people The Hausa (Endonym, autonyms for singular: Bahaushe (male, m), Bahaushiya (female, f); plural: Hausawa and general: Hausa; exonyms: Ausa; Ajami script, Ajami: ) are the largest native ethnic group in Africa. They speak the Hausa language, which ...

. In 2019 Kaduna State celebrated its 100-year anniversary, making it one of the oldest states in Nigeria.

Zazzau The Zazzau, also known as the Zaria Emirate, is a traditional state with headquarters in the city of Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The current emir of Zazzau is Alhaji Ahmed Nuhu Bamalli who succeeded the former emir, late Alhaji Shehu Idris. Ea ...

is said to have been founded in 1536 and later was renamed after the prominent Queen Zaria known as Amina. The

are said to be the old ancestral of the region.

Geography

The state is located at the Northern part of Nigeria's high plains. The vegetation cover is Sudan Savannah type, characterized by scattered short trees, shrubs and grasses. The soil is mostly loamy to sandy. A substantial amount of clay is found also. Its northern half became Katsina state in 1987. The state is bordered by seven states. The Kaduna state is located between latitude 10 degree centi 38'58" N and 10 degree centi 25'36" north of the equator to longitude 7 degree centi 22'14" east and 7 degree centi 32'00" east of the Greenwich Meridian. The state was ranked number four by total area of land and number three by population. The

, a tributary of the

Niger River The Niger River ( ; ) is the main river of West Africa, extending about . Its drainage basin is in area. Its source is in the Guinea Highlands in south-eastern Guinea near the Sierra Leone border. It runs in a crescent shape through ...

, flows through the state. There are rocky stones in Zaria and Kogoro Hill. Many communities are prone to seasonal flooding during the rainy season.

Government

The current governor of Kaduna state is legally under the control of Kaduna State Executives,

Kaduna State House of Assembly The Kaduna State House of Assembly popularly known as Lugard Hall, it houses the Lugard Memorial Council Chamber (Northern Nigeria Council of Chiefs) and The Kaduna State House of Assembly, which is a branch of the Government of Kaduna State, it ...

and Kaduna State Judiciary. The current elected governor of the state is

Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai Nasir Ahmad El-Rufai (born 16 February 1960) is a Nigerian politician who is the Governor of Kaduna State, in office since 2015. He was the Minister of the Federal Capital Territory from 2003 to 2007; and the director of the Bureau of Public ...

and his deputy is Hadiza Sabuwa Balarabe. In the state there 14 ministries that operate with the state government to improve the state: Ministries of Kaduna State. Within each Ministry there are multiple agencies with regulatory authority, such as the Kaduna State Environmental Protection Authority which overseas waste, water, and other environmental quality issues. The governor of the state said he is trying to restore togetherness back in the state to make it hospitable for all Nigerians just as it has always been in the past. According to him, the city is now divided due to the frequent communal clashes that have been occurring in the last two decades.

Local government areas

Kaduna State consists of 23

local government areas A local government area (LGA) is an administrative division of a country that a local government is responsible for. The size of an LGA varies by country but it is generally a subdivision of a state, province, division, or territory. The phrase i ...

. They are:

Kidnapping

On 11 March 2021, thirty students were kidnapped in Kaduna State, when gunmen attacked the Federal College of Forestry Mechanization. This was the fourth school kidnapping in Nigeria in 2021, and also the fifth school attack. On 20 April 2021, in another bloody raid by bandits on the students and staffs of the

Greenfield University Greenfield University is a private university in Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria Nigeria ( ), , ig, Naìjíríyà, yo, Nàìjíríà, pcm, Naijá , ff, Naajeeriya, kcg, Naijeriya officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a countr ...

kidnapped 23 students and killed 5 of them. presently, the state is facing securities challenges. The governor is working with all the security personnel to find lasting solutions.

Economics

Sun dried tomato and pepper farm, Hunkuyi, Kaduna State

The Kaduna State economy was ranked 15th largest state in Nigerian economy from 2002 to 2008, and it made up 3.3% of Nigerian GDP. While agriculture contributed 30% of SGDP in Kaduna. Kaduna state cultivate cotton and peanuts (groundnuts) for exporting and domestic extraction of

Peanut oil Peanut oil, also known as groundnut oil or arachis oil, is a vegetable oil derived from peanuts. The oil usually has a mild or neutral flavor but, if made with roasted peanuts, has a stronger peanut flavor and aroma. It is often used in America ...

. In the state there is National Institute of Leather and Technology, to improve modern technology and traditional method.

Media

In Kaduna State there are many means of communication through mass media, broadcasting, internet communication and banking transaction. In Kaduna State there are 21 radio stations and more than four television stations broadcasting. Many of them are owned by the state government or federal government, and a few are private. The following is a list of radio stations in Kaduna.

Ethnic groups

Kaduna State is populated by about 59 to 63 different ethnic groups, if not more, with the exactitude of the number requiring further verification through field work. The question as in the last paragraph with the Hausa and Fulani as the dominant ethnic groups followed by at least 60 others. These groups include:

Religion

The main religions in Kaduna State are

Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. It is the world's largest and most widespread religion with roughly 2.38 billion followers representing one-third of the global pop ...

and

Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...

. Some minority ethnic groups practice traditional worshiping, mostly in the southern area of the state. The people of Kaduna are very religious, causing two religious crises in 2001 and 2002, the

Christianity

Christian mission activities in the area began formally in the 1900s with the establishment of

Sudan Interior Mission SIM is an international, interdenominational Evangelical Christian mission organization. It was established in 1893 by its three founders, Walter Gowans and Rowland Bingham of Canada and Thomas Kent of the United States. The initials originally ...

(SIM) in the

Ham Ham is pork from a leg cut that has been preserved by wet or dry curing, with or without smoking."Bacon: Bacon and Ham Curing" in ''Chambers's Encyclopædia''. London: George Newnes, 1961, Vol. 2, p. 39. As a processed meat, the term "ham ...

town of Har Kwain (Kwoi), hence today these people groups are mainly Christians. Culturally, the people groups of the then southern Zaria who are now

Southern Kaduna Southern Kaduna (formerly Southern Zaria) is an area inhabited by various non-Hausa peoples living south of Zaria Emirate of Kaduna State. It is located in the Middle Belt region of Nigeria. Southern Kaduna consist of 12 local Government out of ...

, with some exception it must be acknowledged, share a lot in the cultural practices of marriage rites, naming, burial, farming, social organisations, kinship, etc. Until full scale research is undertaken, the diversity of Kaduna state remains blurred as some ethnic groups are so small in population that they are often overshadowed by the larger groups who live near them. There are several churches across the state, including the Roman Catholic dioceses of

Zaria Zaria is a metropolitan city in Nigeria which at the present time lies within four (4) local government areas in Kaduna state; it happens to be the capital city to the Zazzau Emirate Council, and one of the original seven Hausa city-states ...

Kaduna Kaduna is the capital city of Kaduna State, and the former political capital of Northern Region, Nigeria, Northern Nigeria. It is located in north-western Nigeria, on the Kaduna River. It is a trade Centre and a major transportation hub as the ...

, Kafachan and

megachurch A megachurch is a church with an unusually large membership that also offers a variety of educational and social activities, usually Protestant or Evangelical. The Hartford Institute for Religion Research defines a megachurch as any Protestant C ...

es.

Islam

The central mosque in Kaduna metropolis is known as Sultan Bello Mosque. The Jama't Izalat al Bid’a Wa Iqamat as Sunna and

Jamatu Nasril Islam Islam is one of the largest religions in Nigeria and the country has the largest Muslim population in West Africa. In 2021, the CIA World Factbook estimated that 53.5% of Nigeria's population is Muslim. Islam is predominantly concentrated in th ...

main branch is located in Kaduna metropolis. Also, the prominent

Tijaniyyah The Tijāniyyah ( ar, الطريقة التجانية, Al-Ṭarīqah al-Tijāniyyah, The Tijānī Path) is a Sufi tariqa (order, path), originating in the Maghreb but now more widespread in West Africa, particularly in Senegal, The Gambia, ...

leader Sheikh Dahiru Usman is in Kaduna. The Nigerian

Islamic Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God (or '' Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the mai ...

mover known as

Ibrahim Zakzaky Ibraheem Yaqoub El-Zakzaky (alternately Ibraheem Zakzaky, Ibrahim Al-Zakzaky; born 5 May 1953) is a Nigerian religious leader. He is an imprisoned outspoken and prominent Shi'a Muslim leader in Nigeria. He is the head of Nigeria's Islamic Movem ...

has his main branch in

, Kaduna State.

Languages

Other languages in Kaduna State are Bacama, Firan, and Sambe. Almost all of these languages are spoken in

Education

Kaduna is one of the largest centres of education in Nigeria. The slogan of the state is ''Center of Learning'' because of the presence of many institution like

(established 1962). There are many government schools, include primary schools and secondary schools. All secondary schools in Kaduna are owned by the state government, federal government or private organisations. there are many tertiary institutions in the state. The state also has colleges for transportation and agriculture.

Universities and institutes

Air Force Institute of Technology (Nigeria) The Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) also known as the Nigeria Air Force University is a military school approved by the National Universities Commission to run undergraduate and postgraduate courses in 2018/2019. It supports the Nigerian ...

Federal College of Education, Zaria Federal College of Education, Zaria is a College of science and art based in Zaria, Nigeria. It was established by the then Northern Region Government of Nigeria in November 1962. It was initially named Northern Secondary Teachers College and l ...

Kaduna *

Kaduna Polytechnic Kaduna Polytechnic is one of the earliest polytechnics in Nigeria, located at Tudun Wada area of Kaduna South local government of Kaduna state, North-Western Nigeria. It was established in 1956 as Kaduna Technical Institute after the British ...

(1968), Kaduna *

Kaduna State University Kaduna State University is located in Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria. It was established in 2004. It has seven faculties with over 39 departments and a library that contains over 17,000 volumes of books. It has two campuses: Kafanchan and Kaduna. ...

National Open University of Nigeria The National Open University of Nigeria is a federal open and distance learning (ODL) institution, the first of its kind in the West African sub-region. It is Nigeria's largest tertiary institution in terms of student number and is popularly ...

, Kaduna Study Center *

Nigerian College of Aviation Technology The Nigerian College of Aviation Technology is a higher education institute in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. It is funded by the Civil Aviation Department in the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Aviation. Formerly known as the Nigerian Civil Aviat ...

Zaria *

Nigerian Defence Academy The Nigerian Defence Academy (NDA) is a military university based in Kaduna, Nigeria that trains officer cadets for commissioning into one of the three services of the Nigerian Armed Forces: the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force. The duration of ...

(NDA), Kaduna *

Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic is a tertiary education institution in Zaria Kaduna State, Nigeria. The polytechnic was established on 2 February 1989 by the Kaduna state government to provide training and development techniques in the Field of engineer ...

Secondary schools and colleges

* Barewa College *

Essence International School Essence International School (EIS) is an international school in Kaduna, Nigeria Nigeria ( ), , ig, Naìjíríyà, yo, Nàìjíríà, pcm, Naijá , ff, Naajeeriya, kcg, Naijeriya officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country ...

Nigerian Military School The Nigerian Military School Zaria, popularly known as (NMS), founded as the Boys-Company of Nigeria in 1954, was established under the auspices of Nigerian Regiment Training centre of the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF). The school was ...

Architecture

Architecture includes the National Museum which was built in 1975 with archaeological and ethnographic exhibitions, the Kajuru Castle, Lugard Hall,

walls and gates and

settlements. In the state there are many architectural buildings like

Ahmadu Bello Stadium The Ahmadu Bello Stadium, simply referred to as ABS is a multi-purpose stadium in Kaduna City, Kaduna State, Nigeria. It was designed in 1965 by the English architects Jane Drew and Maxwell Fry. As of 2016, it is used mostly for football match ...

Murtala Square Murtala Muhammed Square is a public square in the City of Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria formerly known as the Kaduna Race Course. Its renamed in honour of the then military Head of State Murtala Ramat Muhammed. Building It include several re ...

, Investment house, Kaduna central market, and Sultan Bello Mosque. The palace of empire of

is one of the oldest traditional buildings in Kaduna state.

Traditional architecture

In Kaduna State there are a lot of ethnic groups, which lead to the variation of culture and

architectural style An architectural style is a set of characteristics and features that make a building or other structure notable or historically identifiable. It is a sub-class of style in the visual arts generally, and most styles in architecture relate closely ...

, this include the city wall of Zaria. The walls constructed during the reigns of Queen Amina of Zazzau protected the city and they are between 14 and 16 km long, and are closed by eight gates, Also the Emir's Palace of Zaria is an important traditional heritage. The palace has luxurious interiors. The St. Bartholomew's Church Zaria, built by the Church Missionary Society in 1929, still stands in Zaria, the church was built based on Hausa traditional architecture.

Modern architecture

Modern architecture is present in the state as a result of civilization and development. Most of these architectural buildings were built by the federal or state government, while the residential ones are mostly built by individuals; these buildings include

, Ten storey building, Investment house, federal secretary, Ranchers Bees Stadium, and Murtala square.

Health

Kaduna State has over 1,000 primary healthcare facilities to cater to every resident, even in the most remote village or ward of the state. To further improve on healthcare delivery, in 2016, the Kaduna State Government partnered with the UK Department for International Development (DFID) to install over 1.3 megawatts of solar power in primary healthcare facilities across the state.

Sports

In Kaduna State many sports are played, such as football, golf, swimming, traditional wrestling and handball. The Kaduna State government run a football club called Kaduna United F.C. The club participated in playing

Nigerian Professional Football League The Nigeria Professional Football League (NPFL) is the highest level of the Nigerian football league system, for the Nigerian club-football championships. The Nigerian league has suffered, like many others, from the financial impact and dwind ...

but are under relegation. the state also host Kaduna Marathon .

Entertainment and tourism

In Kaduna State an annual festival is organized by Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Kaduna State). The festival exposes folklore talent and through these process, to promote unity and encourage tourism and build culture in the State. It takes place every November or December. Cultural activities include

Eid al-Fitr , nickname = Festival of Breaking the Fast, Lesser Eid, Sweet Eid, Sugar Feast , observedby = Muslims , type = Islamic , longtype = Islamic , significance = Commemoration to mark the end of fasting in Ramadan , dat ...

and

Eid al-Adha Eid al-Adha () is the second and the larger of the two main holidays celebrated in Islam (the other being Eid al-Fitr). It honours the willingness of Ibrahim (Abraham) to sacrifice his son Ismail (Ishmael) as an act of obedience to Allah's co ...

performed by the Muslims in the state; the Tuk Ham; the Afan National Festival; the Christmas and Easter celebrations, by Christians, and the Kallan-Kowa celebrations. Kaduna has a museum and a park, the Kofar Gamji park and Zoo. Lord Lugard's Residence, is also a tourist attraction and it currently houses the state assembly.

Environmental issues

Kaduna State in the North-Central part of Nigeria is prone to the following environmental issues:

Solid waste management

Flooding

Climate Change

The rainy season in Kaduna is hot, humid, and cloudy, while the dry season is hot and partly cloudy. Throughout the year, the temperature rarely falls below 50°F or rises above 102°F, usually ranging between 55°F and 95°F.

Entertainment

and

: This celebration is scheduled on the 1st of

Shawwal Shawwal ( ar, شَوَّال, ') is the tenth month of the lunar based Islamic calendar. ''Shawwāl'' stems from the verb ''shāla'' () which means to 'lift or carry', generally to take or move things from one place to another, Fasting during S ...

and the 10th of

Dhu al-Hijjah Dhu al-Hijja ( ar, ذُو ٱلْحِجَّة, translit=Ḏū al-Ḥijja, ), also spelled Zu al-Hijja, is the twelfth and final month in the Islamic calendar. It is a very sacred month in the Islamic calendar, one in which the ''Hajj, Ḥajj'' (P ...

respectively according to the

Islamic Calendar The Hijri calendar ( ar, ٱلتَّقْوِيم ٱلْهِجْرِيّ, translit=al-taqwīm al-hijrī), also known in English as the Muslim calendar and Islamic calendar, is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 lunar months in a year of 354 or ...

for three days usually in Kaduna, Usually, Muslims all over the world celebrate the end of the Ramadan fasting period and the conclusion of the hajj (pilgrimage) rites. Most of the emirates in Kaduna State and other parts of the northern Emirates celebrate it with a colourful

traditional dressing, horse decoration and Durbar. *

Christmas celebrations The observance of Christmas around the world varies by country. The day of Christmas, and in some cases Christmas Eve, the day before and Boxing Day, the day after, are recognized by many national governments and cultures worldwide, including in ...

: This takes place in every 25/26 December in Kaduna State to celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ by Christians all over the state. *

Easter Easter,Traditional names for the feast in English are "Easter Day", as in the '' Book of Common Prayer''; "Easter Sunday", used by James Ussher''The Whole Works of the Most Rev. James Ussher, Volume 4'') and Samuel Pepys''The Diary of Samuel ...

celebrations: It takes place every March/April to remember the death and resurrection of

Jesus Christ Jesus, likely from he, יֵשׁוּעַ, translit=Yēšūaʿ, label=Hebrew/Aramaic ( AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ or Jesus of Nazareth (among other names and titles), was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious ...

by all Christians in Kaduna State. * Afan National Festival: This is a celebration on every 1 January, in

Kagoro Gworok, also known as Gworog (Hausa language, Hausa: ''Kagoro''), is a large town in Southern Kaduna, southern Kaduna State, Middle Belt Nigeria. It is located in the Kaura, Nigeria, Kaura Local Government Area of Nigeria, Local Government Area ...

. The festival has assumed an international standard with the sons and daughters of Agworok land coming together to discuss issues that required their attention and to show their extreme cultural heritage. * Kalankuwa Cultural Festival: It is a purely cultural festival that is celebrated in northern part of the state. It is a celebration to give thanks for good farm crops and to celebrate the season. It is celebrated in November/December. Young men and women come together in a peaceful manner to entertain themselves. It is celebrated in Bomo Village, Samara, in

Sabon Gari A ''Sabon Gari'' (strangers' quarters or literally new town in the Hausa language, plural ''Sabon Garuruwa'') is a section of cities and town in Northern Nigeria South Central Niger and Northern Cameroon whose residents are not indigenous to Haus ...

local government area. Other small festivals include the following: * Batadon Festival *

Ayet Atyap annual cultural festival Ayet Atyap Annual Cultural Festival ( Tyap: or ) is an age-long chain of festive activities and ceremonies observed by the Atyap people of Southern Kaduna, Middle Belt Nigeria. It was traditionally carried out to usher in the farming season for ...

Durbar Festival The Durbar festival is an annual cultural, religious and equestrian festival celebrated in several northern cities of Nigeria including Kano, Katsina, Sokoto, Zazzau, Bauchi, Bida and Ilorin. The festival marks the end of Ramadan and also coin ...

* Kaduna State Festival of Arts and Culture * Kafanchan Day * Kalankuwa Cultural Festival * Moro’a Cultural Festival * Ninzo Cultural Festival * Zunzuk Dance * Tuk-Ham Festival * Unum-Akulu Festival Kamuku National Park kaduna State Nigeria

Kamuku National Park kaduna State Nigeria

Tourism

* Kamuku National Park * Matsiriga Waterfalls * Kajuru Castle *

Arewa House Arewa House (Hausa language, Hausa: ''Gidan Arewa'') is centre for research and historical documentations under Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, Zaria, located in Kaduna, Kaduna State, in Northwest Nigeria. It is also serves as a center f ...

Notable people

Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab ( ar, عمر فاروق عبد المطلب ; also known as Umar Abdul Mutallab and Omar Farooq al-Nigeri; born December 22, 1986) popularly referred to as the "Underwear Bomber" or "Christmas Bomber", is a Nigerian-bor ...

Katung Aduwak Katung Aduwak (born March 21, 1980) was the winner of the premier edition of the ''Big Brother Nigeria'' reality TV show aired between March 5 and June 4, 2006. He hails from Zonkwa, Kaduna State, Nigeria and is a scriptwriter, Film producer, pr ...

Martin Luther Agwai Martin Luther Agwai (born 8 November 1948) is a retired Nigerian army officer who served as Chief of Defence Staff and Chief of Army Staff. He is the Pro-Chancellor of the University of Calabar Early life and education Agwai was born on No ...

Gwamna Awan Gwamna Danladi Awan (1915 – 1 October 2008) was the monarch of Gworog (Kagoro) Chiefdom, a Nigerian traditional state and was reputed to be the longest served monarch in Nigeria and second oldest in Africa, reigning for 63 years (1945 - 2008). ...

Harrison Bungwon Engr. Dr. Harrison Yusuf Bungwon (Tyap: Harrison Isuu Bunggwon) FNSE (25 November 1949 – 6 April 2016) was a paramount ruler of Atyap Chiefdom a Nigerian traditional state in southern Kaduna State, Nigeria. He was also known by the title ''A ...

Bala Ade Dauke Bala Ade Dauke Gora (January 4, 1931 - January 1, 2005) was the first indigenous District Head in Southern Zaria and first monarch of the Atyap Chiefdom, a Nigerian traditional state in southern Kaduna State, Middle Belt (central) Nigeria. He ...

* Joe El * Maiwada Galadima *

Ahmad Abubakar Gumi Ahmad Abubakar Gumi is an Islamic cleric, scholar and former military officer with the rank of captain in the Nigeria Defence Academy (NDA). He is the current Mufti and mufassir at the Kaduna central mosque Sultan Bello. Early life Ahmad Gumi ...

* Chris Delvan Gwamna *

Shehu Idris Shehu Idris (20 February 193620 September 2020) was a Nigerian teacher who served as the 18th Emir of Zazzau, a Nigerian traditional state headquartered in Zaria. He also served as chairman of Zazzau Emirate Council and Kaduna State Council of ...

Toure Kazah-Toure Toure Kazah-Toure (1959 - 1 July 2017) was a Nigerian academic, activist, and pan-Africanist. His admiration for founding Guinean president, Ahmed Sékou Touré, led to his adoption of the name "Toure". He was a history lecturer and researcher ...

Matthew Hassan Kukah Matthew Hassan Kukah (born 31 August 1952) is the current bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sokoto. In December 2020, Pope Francis appointed him as a member of the Dicastery on Integral Human Development. Early life and education Bishop ...

Danjuma Laah Danjuma Laah Tella (born February 16, 1960) is a Nigerian politician and the senator representing Kaduna South Senatorial district of Kaduna state, at the Nigerian 9th National Assembly. Political career Laah had been the senator representing Kad ...

Zamani Lekwot Zamani Lekwot (born 19 July 1944) in Jankasa, is a retired Nigerian Army major general who served as the military governor of Rivers State, Nigeria from July 1975 to July 1978 during the military administration of Generals Murtala Muhammed and Ol ...

* Audu Maikori *

Ahmed Makarfi Ahmed Mohammed Makarfi (born 8 August 1956) is a Nigerian politician and the former Chairman of the People's Democratic Party. He was governor of Kaduna State in Nigeria from 29 May 1999 to 29 May 2007, and was elected Senator for Kaduna North in ...

* Jonathan Gyet Maude *

Abdulkadir Balarabe Musa Abdulkadir Balarabe Musa (21 August 1936 – 11 November 2020) was a Nigerian left-wing politician who was elected Governor of Kaduna State, Nigeria during the Nigerian Second Republic, holding office from October 1979 until he was impeached on ...

Tagwai Sambo Tagwai Sambo (born 24 December 1936) is the monarch of Asholyio (Moroa) Chiefdom with headquarters at Manchok, a Nigerian traditional state in southern Kaduna State, Nigeria. He is also known by the title "''Chief of Moro'a (Asholyio)''". Life S ...

Shehu Sani Shehu Sani (born 29 October 1967) is a Nigerian senator, an author, playwright and a human rights activist. He is the President of the Civil Rights Congress of Nigeria - (CRCN). and the Chairman of Hand-in-Hand, Africa. He was a leading figur ...

Uba Sani Uba Sani (born 31 December 1970) is a Nigerian politician and the incumbent senator for Kaduna Central senatorial district of Kaduna State at the National Assembly (Nigeria), National Assembly Abuja and also the APC governorship aspirant. He was ...

Ishaya Shekari Air Vice Marshal Ishaya Aboi Shekari CON was the military Governor of Kano State from September 1978 to October 1979, during which he led the transition to the Second Nigerian Republic government of Muhammadu Abubakar Rimi. Early life Shekar ...

Aisha Ahmad Suleiman Aisha Ahmad Suleiman born (17 December 2001) is a Northern Nigerian female polo player, photographer, and entrepreneur. She is from Kogi state. She was born and brought up in Kaduna state, Nigeria. Aisha is one of the very few black female polo ...

* Sheikh Dahiru Usman * Patrick Yakowa *

Andrew Yakubu Andrew Laah Yakubu (born 10 September 1955) is a former Group Managing Director of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation. He was given the appointment by President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan in 201He and the management team were relieved of ...

* Mukhtar Ramalan Yero *

Luka Yusuf Luka Nyeh Yusuf (22 September 1952 – 2 June 2009) was a Nigerian army Lieutenant-general (Nigeria), lieutenant general who served as Chief of Army Staff (Nigeria), Chief of Army Staff (COAS) from 2007 to 2008. He succeeded Owoye Andrew Azazi a ...

* Muhammad Auwal Albani Zaria

Gallery

File:Kaduna River in kaduna state Nigeria.jpg, River Kaduna File:Water fall in Kafancha Kaduna State.jpg, Waterfalls in Kafanchan File:Matsirga Waterfalls, Madakiya.jpg, Matsirga waterfalls Kaduna File:Kamuku National Park kaduna State Nigeria.jpg, Kamuku National Park Kaduna File:Ahmadu bello university senate.jpg, ABU senatorial building File:Ten Storey Kaduna5.jpg, Ten Storey Building in Ahmadu Bello way Kaduna File:Flower of kaduna 02.jpg, Major planted flower File:Kajuru Castle.jpg, Kajuru Castle File:Night mode Transportation.jpg, Night mode transportation in Kaduna city File:Bus at badarawa bus stop.jpg, Kaduna city bus File:Ahmadu Bello way.jpg, Ahmadu Bello way in the city of Kaduna File:Green car2.jpg, Green car in Kaduna city

References

Sources

Nigeria Congress

External links

Kaduna State Media Corporation

Official State Government website
{{Portal bar, Nigeria Local Government Areas in Kaduna State States of Nigeria States and territories established in 1967 1967 establishments in Nigeria