''Kadua'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It comprises 29 species,''Kadua'' At: World Checklist of Rubiaceae At: Kew Gardens Website. (see ''External links'' below). all restricted to Polynesia. Twenty-two of these are endemic to the

Hawaiian Islands The Hawaiian Islands ( haw, Nā Mokupuni o Hawai‘i) are an archipelago of eight major islands, several atolls, and numerous smaller islets in the North Pacific Ocean, extending some from the island of Hawaii in the south to northernmost Kur ...

. Some of the species are common at high elevation. Others are single-island endemics or very rare, and a few are probably

extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...

. ''Kadua affinis'' is widely distributed in Hawaii and is polymorphic.David J. Mabberley. 2008
''Mabberley's Plant-Book''
third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. p. 448 The type species for the genus is ''Kadua acuminata''.''Kadua'' In: Index Nominum Genericorum. In: Regnum Vegetabile (see ''External links'' below). ''Kadua'' was formerly included in a broadly defined and polyphyletic '' Hedyotis'', which encompassed, in addition to ''Kadua'', species now placed in ''

Oldenlandia ''Oldenlandia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is pantropical in distribution and has about 240 species.Inge Groeninckx, Steven Dessein, Helga Ochoterena, Claes Persson, Timothy J. Motley, Jesper Kårehed, Birgitta Bre ...

'', ''

Oldenlandiopsis ''Oldenlandiopsis'' (creeping-bluet) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is monospecific, comprising only one species, ''Oldenlandiopsis callitrichoides''. This species had previously been placed in ''Hedyotis'' or in '' O ...

'', '' Houstonia'', and other genera. ''Hedyotis'' is now circumscribed more narrowly.

Species

In the following list, ''Kadua haupuensis'' is added to the species listed by Edward E. Terrell et alii.

History

The genus ''Kadua'' was erected in 1829 by Adelbert von Chamisso and

Diederich von Schlechtendal Diederich Franz Leonhard von Schlechtendal (27 November 1794, Xanten – 12 October 1866, Halle) was a German botanist. He studied in Berlin, in 1819 becoming curator of the Royal Herbarium. He was a professor of botany and director of the Bota ...

.Adelbert von Chamisso and Diederich von Schlechtendal. 1829. ''Linnaea'' 4:157. (see ''External links'' below) They named it for Kadu, a native of Ulea, one of the Marshall Islands. Kadu was a friend of von Chamisso and provided valuable assistance to the 1815–1818 expedition led by Otto von Kotzebue. The generic name ''Kadua'' fell into disuse in the 20th century, because most authors considered it to be a

synonym A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are all ...

of ''Hedyotis''. In 1999, twenty species of ''Kadua'' were described as species of ''Hedyotis'' in a Flora of Hawaii.Warren L. Wagner, Derral R. Herbst, and Sy H. Sohmer. ''Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii'', Revised Edition, 1999. Bishop Museum Press: Hololulu, HI, USA. ''Kadua flynnii'' was described in 1998,Warren L. Wagner and David H. Lorence. 1998
"A New, Dioecious Species of ''Hedyotis'' (Rubiaceae) from Kauai, Hawaiian Islands, and the Taxonomy of Kauai ''Hedyotis schlechtendahliana'' Resolved"
. ''Novon'' 8(3):311–317. and ''Kadua haupuensis'' in 2010.David H. Lorence, Warren L. Wagner, and William G. Laidlaw. 2010. "''Kadua haupuensis'' (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae), a new endemic species from Kauai, Hawaiian Islands". ''Brittonia'' 62(2):137-144. ''Kadua'' was resurrected in 2005. This

taxonomic Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...

change was corroborated by

molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

studies Study or studies may refer to: General * Education **Higher education * Clinical trial * Experiment * Observational study * Research * Study skills, abilities and approaches applied to learning Other * Study (art), a drawing or series of drawin ...

of the tribe Spermacoceae in 2008 and 2009.

Phylogeny

The following

phylogenetic tree A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.) is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological spec ...

is partly based on a phylogenetic analysis of

DNA sequence DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA. It includes any method or technology that is used to determine the order of the four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Th ...

s, and partly inferred from the

classification Classification is a process related to categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated and understood. Classification is the grouping of related facts into classes. It may also refer to: Business, organizat ...

followed in a 2005 paper.

Species

History

Phylogeny

References

External links