''Kadipiro virus'' (KDV) is a member of the virus family ''

Reoviridae ''Reoviridae'' is a family of double-stranded RNA viruses. Member viruses have a wide host range, including vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, protists and fungi. They lack lipid envelopes and package their segmented genome within multi-layere ...

''. It is an

arbovirus Arbovirus is an informal name for any virus that is transmitted by arthropod vectors. The term ''arbovirus'' is a portmanteau word (''ar''thropod-''bo''rne ''virus''). ''Tibovirus'' (''ti''ck-''bo''rne ''virus'') is sometimes used to more spe ...

and has been isolated from ''

Culex ''Culex'' is a genus of mosquitoes, several species of which serve as vectors of one or more important diseases of birds, humans, and other animals. The diseases they vector include arbovirus infections such as West Nile virus, Japanese encep ...

'', ''

Anopheles ''Anopheles'' () is a genus of mosquito first described and named by J. W. Meigen in 1818. About 460 species are recognised; while over 100 can transmit human malaria, only 30–40 commonly transmit parasites of the genus ''Plasmodium'', which c ...

'', ''Armigeres'', and ''

Aedes ''Aedes'' is a genus of mosquitoes originally found in tropical and subtropical zones, but now found on all continents except perhaps Antarctica. Some species have been spread by human activity: ''Aedes albopictus'', a particularly invasive spe ...

'' mosquitoes in Indonesia and China. Other members of the genus ''

Seadornavirus ''Seadornavirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Reoviridae'', in the subfamily '' Sedoreovirinae''. Human, cattle, pig, and mosquitoes serve as natural hosts. There are three species in this genus: ''Banna virus'' (BAV), '' Kadipiro vir ...

'' have been linked to viral

encephalitis Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain. The severity can be variable with symptoms including reduction or alteration in consciousness, headache, fever, confusion, a stiff neck, and vomiting. Complications may include seizures, hallucinations, ...

Characteristics

The ''Kadipiro virus'' contains 12 segments of double-stranded RNA (

dsRNA Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) are nucleic acids. Along with lipids, proteins, and carbohydra ...

) with a 21,000 base-pair genome. The capsid is icosahedral and naked, though it does temporarily acquire a viral envelope as it buds from a host cell. ''Sedoreovirinae'' viruses contain and inner, intermediate and outer capsid. The capsid is 70 nanometers in diameter with capsid spikes and 7 structural proteins.

Taxonomy

The ''Kadipiro virus'' was once classified as ''

Coltivirus Coltivirus is a genus of viruses (belonging to the ''Reoviridae'' family) that infects vertebrates and invertebrates. It includes the causative agent of Colorado tick fever. Colorado tick fever virus can cause a fever, chills, headache, photopho ...

JKT-7075''. It has been reclassified to the genus ''Seadornavirus'' of the subfamily ''Sedoreovirinae'' within the family ''Reoviridae''. The ''Reoviridae'' have not been assigned to an order. Due to the dsRNA nature of the viral genome, the virus is classified as a Group III virus under the

Baltimore classification Baltimore classification is a system used to classify viruses based on their manner of messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis. By organizing viruses based on their manner of mRNA production, it is possible to study viruses that behave similarly as a di ...

system. Since discovery of the ''Kadipiro virus'' several strains have been identified. ''JKT-7075'' is now listed as one of those strains. The genus ''Seadornavirus'' contains ''

Banna virus Banna virus (BAV) is a virus belonging to ''Reoviridae'', a family of segmented, non-enveloped, double-stranded RNA viruses. It is an arbovirus, being primarily transmitted to humans from the bite of infected mosquitoes of the genus ''Culex''. P ...

'', ''Kadipiro virus'', and '' Liao ning virus''. All three viruses can typically be found where ''

Japanese encephalitis virus Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an infection of the brain caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). While most infections result in little or no symptoms, occasional inflammation of the brain occurs. In these cases, symptoms may include he ...

'' and ''

Dengue virus ''Dengue virus'' (DENV) is the cause of dengue fever. It is a mosquito-borne, single positive-stranded RNA virus of the family ''Flaviviridae''; genus ''Flavivirus''. Four serotypes of the virus have been found, a reported fifth has yet to be co ...

'' have been reported.

Geography

The ''Kadipiro virus'' was once thought to only exist in Indonesia, but has since been isolated also from mosquitoes in China. The range includes the tropics and subtropics.

Virology

The ''Kadipiro virus'' was isolated in three mosquito genera: ''Culex'', ''Anopheles'' and ''Armigeres'' and was grown in laboratory cultures. It was later found in ''

'' mosquitoes. It was observed that the virus grew readily in mice and insect cell cultures with cytopathic effects in C6/36 (''

Aedes albopictus ''Aedes albopictus'' (''Stegomyia albopicta''), from the mosquito (Culicidae) family, also known as the (Asian) tiger mosquito or forest mosquito, is a mosquito native to the tropical and subtropical areas of Southeast Asia. In the past few ce ...

'' cell line), but was limited to BSR (clones of BHK cells) mammalian cells. No major disease resulted from infection in mice and immunological memory against a subsequent viral challenge was observed.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q18386623 Seadornaviruses