K. C. Kesava Pillai

Kanakku Chembakaraman Kesava Pillai (1868–1914) was an Indian composer of Carnatic music and a poet of Malayalam literature. He was the Poet Laureate of Travancore and was known for ''Kesaveeyam'', a mahakavya in Malayalam, two attakathas and several bhajans and kirtans. He also translated the Sanskrit text, Narayaniyam, into Malayalam under the title, ''Bhashanarayaniyam''.

Biography

K. C. Kesava Pillai was born on February 4, 1868, in Paravur in Kollam district of Kerala in India to Valiyavelichathu Veettil Raman Pillai and Desathu Lakshmy Amma. His early schooling was at Paravur Malayalam School where he studied up to 5th standard and followed it up with Sanskrit studies under the tutelage of Paravur Kesavan Asan and grammar studies under Enakkattu Rajaraja Varma. As a boy, Pillai regularly watched Kathakali and learnt the basics of Kathakali literature, costumes and mudras, besides gaining proficiency in music. Aged 15, he wrote his first attakadha, ''Prahladacharitham''. Simultaneously, he studied English with the help of a few friends while working as a Sanskrit teacher at a Vaidya School. In 1897, he joined as a Sanskrit teacher at a Malayalam school in Kollam but shifted to an English school in 1901 before moving to Thiruvananthapuram in 1901 as the teacher of Velayudhan Thampi, the son of Sree Moolam Thirunal, the then Maharajah of Travancore.

Pillai married Kalyani Amma in 1890 but she died after two years. He married again in 1894; Nanikutty Amma, his father's niece, was the bride. A close associate of Pandalam Kerala Varma and A. R. Raja Raja Varma, Pillai died on September 4, 1913, at the age of 45 years. On account of his musical and poetical achievements, he was awarded the title of ''Sarasa Gayaka Kavimani'' by Kerala Varma Valiya Koil Thampuran. Noted writer and Sahitya Akademi Award winner, R. Narayana Panickar, was his son-in-law.

Legacy

Literary work

Kesava Pillai's body of literary work, written in Sanskrit and Malayalam languages, comprises an epic, three attakathas for Kathakali, two Thullal songs, eleven short poems, six khandakavyas, four plays, two stories and four commentaries. He wrote ''Prahlaada Charitham'', later renamed, ''Hiranyasuravadham'', the first of this three attakathas, when he was only 15. It was reported that Pillai, with his advice, assisted A. R. Rajaraja Varma in writing ''Vritha Manjari''. His plays, such as ''Lakshmikalyanam'', were reported to portray the social life of the Nair community of his times. ''Kesaviyam'', a mahakavya and ''Kerala Varma Vilasam'', a poem on the life of Kerala Varma Valiya Koil Thampuran are two of his major works. ''Kesaviyam'' has been written without observing the '' dvitīyākṣara prāsa'' (second syllable rhyming), which was in vogue during those times.

Music

Pillai composed six compositions, including ''Ganamalika'', which has two volumes, besides over 100 songs. ''Sadarama'', one of his compositions, is composed in the form of a ''Geya nataka'', while ''Sangitamalika'' is an ensemble of 42 songs. The majority of his songs are devotional and are composed in ragas such as Todi, Sankarabharanam, Mohanam, Kapi, Kalyani and Pantuvarali. One of his songs, 'Omanappennallayo...'' has been reworked by the Malayalam music director, M. Jayachandran, for the 2010 film, Kadaksham.

Bibliography

Attakadha

*''Prahlaada Charitham'', later renamed, ''Hiranyasuravadham''
*''Soorapadmasuravadham''
*''Sreekrishnavijayam''

Poetry

*''Asanna Marana Chinta Satakam'' (Reflections of a Dying Man) although written for a competition, is a touching lyrical monologue with a predominant elegiac tone and anticipates the Khandakavyas or shorter poems of the poets of the renaissance. It has an underground connection with C. S. Subramanian Potti's Oruvilapam (A Lament: 1903), V. C. Balakrishna Panicker's Oruvilapam (A Lament:1908) and even Kumaran Asan's ''Veena Poovu'' (A Fallen Flower:1907) which may be thought of an elegy in disguise.
*''Adimalarina'': A ragamalika in four languages: Malayalam, Tamil, English and Sanskrit.
*''Satya Swaroopavibho'' in raga '' Sankarabharana''
*''Bhajikka Nee Ramane'' in ''Mohanam''
*''Koti Divakara'' in ''Dhanyasi''
*''Nana Jaathikal'' in ''Kambhoji''
*''Vande Maatharam'' in ''Sindhubhairavi''
*''Vande Maatharam'' in ''Kuntalavarali''
*''Kamalanatha'' in '' Thodi''
*''Sree vasudeva'' in ''Kāpi''
*''Sreemoolarajavijayam'', 1894, submitted to Sree Moolam Thirunal Maharaja.
*''Aasannamaranachintasatakam'': a work consisting of 104 slokas (songs in Carnatic music or Indian music praising God) in Saardoolavikriditham.
*''Kerala Bhashaa Narayaneeya''m: a translation of Narayaneeyam in Malayalam.
*''Subhashitha Ratnakaram''
*''Abhinayamalika''
*''Kesaviyam'': A mahakavya modeled on the Sanskrit pattern, adhering to the rules of structure and style of the classical rhetorician, Dandi.
*''Sadarama'' (A popular Tamil musical play)
*A selection of attakkathas.

Plays

*''Lekshmi Kalyanam''
*''Raghava Madhavam''
*''Vikramorvaseeyam''
*''Sadaarama''

Other works

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Musical compositions

*''Sangeetha manjari'' and ''Sthavaratnavali'': both contain kritis and bhajan songs
*''Sangeethamaalika'' and
*''Eswarasthothranga''
*''Sthavaratnamalika''
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Works on Kesava Pillai

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Notes

References

Further reading

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External links

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Pillai, Kesava K. C.
Malayalam poets
Malayalam-language writers
Indian Sanskrit scholars
Musicians from Kollam
1868 births
1914 deaths
Writers from Kollam
Carnatic composers
Indian male composers
Indian classical composers
19th-century Indian composers
20th-century Indian composers
People from Kollam district
Indian male poets
19th-century Indian poets
20th-century Indian poets
Poets from Kerala
19th-century Indian male writers
20th-century Indian male writers
20th-century male musicians
19th-century male musicians