: ''The article contains bi-directional text.'' K-P-R is a Semitic root, in Arabic and Hebrew rendered as ''K-F-R'' ( ar, ك-ف-ر; he, כ-פ-ר). The basic meaning of the root is "to cover", but it is used in the sense "to conceal" and hence "to deny", and its notability derives from its use for religious heresy or apostasy (as it were describing the "concealment" of religious truth) in both

Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...

and Judaism.

Etymology

Georges Bohas and Mihai Dat, in a study of triconsonantal Semitic roots, noted a connection of X-''p''-''r'', ''p''-''r''-X and ''p''-X-''r'' roots (where X is another consonant) with meanings like "break off", "part," "cut", "shut off", "remove", "break up", "hide", "expel", suggesting a Proto-Semitic biconsontal root ''pr'' meaning "cut, divide." It is first attested in the

Akkadian Akkadian or Accadian may refer to: * Akkadians, inhabitants of the Akkadian Empire * Akkadian language, an extinct Eastern Semitic language * Akkadian literature, literature in this language * Akkadian cuneiform, early writing system * Akkadian myt ...

verb ''kaparu'' ("wipe, smear"), with D-stem ''kupparu''.

Amharic

* Qofere ( am, ቆፈረ) dug

Arabic

Concepts

* Kufr ( ar, كفر),

Kefirah Jewish heresy refers to those beliefs which contradict the traditional doctrines of Rabbinic Judaism, including theological beliefs and opinions about the practice of ''halakha'' (Jewish religious law). Jewish tradition contains a range of statemen ...

( he, כְּפִירָה) — negation of the faith; disbelief *

Kāfir Kafir ( ar, كافر '; plural ', ' or '; feminine '; feminine plural ' or ') is an Arabic and Islamic term which, in the Islamic tradition, refers to a person who disbelieves in God as per Islam, or denies his authority, or rejects ...

( ar, كافر), pl. ' () and ' (),

Kofer Jewish heresy refers to those beliefs which contradict the traditional doctrines of Rabbinic Judaism, including theological beliefs and opinions about the practice of ''halakha'' (Jewish religious law). Jewish tradition contains a range of statemen ...

( he, כופר), pl. Kofrim ( he, כופרים) — ''"coverer"'' — unbeliever; "a person who hides or covers the truth" *

Takfīr ''Takfir'' or ''takfīr'' ( ar, تكفير, takfīr) is an Arabic and Islamic term which denotes excommunication from Islam of one Muslim by another, i.e. accusing another Muslim to be an apostate. The word is found neither in the Quran nor in ...

( ar, تكفير) — excommunication *Mukaffir ( ar, مكفر) — the act which precipitates takfīr *Kafare (Arabic) — sentence for a crime, for example lashes for adultery, used in religious issues *kafr ar, كفر) — village * Kaffarah ( ar, كفارة);

( he, כופר) — compensation for damages in Quranic, Talmudic and Mishnaic tort law.

Sunni Hadith

(') will appear on the front of the face of dajjāl ( ar, دجال).

Hebrew

* ''Kofer-nefesh'' ( he, כפר נפש)."The price of a life", "a

ransom Ransom is the practice of holding a prisoner or item to extort money or property to secure their release, or the sum of money involved in such a practice. When ransom means "payment", the word comes via Old French ''rançon'' from Latin ''red ...

", compared to Teutonic Weregild. * The

poll tax A poll tax, also known as head tax or capitation, is a tax levied as a fixed sum on every liable individual (typically every adult), without reference to income or resources. Head taxes were important sources of revenue for many governments fr ...

of a half shekel to be paid by every male above twenty years at the census, as described in . * The spelling "כופר" (with the stress on the e, which stands for צירה which is a long vowel) can mean an unbeliever, similar to the Arabic '' kafir'', see Apostasy in Judaism, Heresy in Orthodox Judaism * The main meaning of the root כפר is "atone". For example, in יום כפור ( Yom Kippur), the Day of Atonement. * Kfar ( he, כפר) — village *

Kaparah Atonement in Judaism is the process of causing a transgression to be forgiven or pardoned. In Rabbinic Judaism In Rabbinic Judaism, atonement is achieved through repentance, which can be followed by some combination of the following: * conf ...

( he, כפרה) — atonement for a transgression, or compensation through monetary or spiritual means. See Kaparot ( he, כפרות) * Yom Kippur ( he, יוֹם כִּפּוּר) — the day of atonement

References

{{Semitic roots Triconsonantal roots