July 26

Events

Pre-1600

* 657 – First Fitna: In the Battle of Siffin, troops led by Ali ibn Abu Talib clash with those led by Muawiyah I.
* 811 – Battle of Pliska: Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I is killed and his heir Staurakios is seriously wounded.
* 920 – Rout of an alliance of Christian troops from Navarre and Léon against the Muslims at the Battle of Valdejunquera.
* 1309 – Henry VII is recognized King of the Romans by Pope Clement V.
*1509 – The Emperor Krishnadevaraya ascends to the throne, marking the beginning of the regeneration of the Vijayanagara Empire.
* 1529 – Francisco Pizarro González, Spanish conquistador, is appointed governor of Peru.
*1579 – Francis Drake, the English explorer, discovers a major bay on the coast of California (San Francisco).
*1581 – Plakkaat van Verlatinghe (Act of Abjuration): The northern Low Countries declare their independence from the Spanish king, Philip II.

1601–1900

*1703 – During the '' Bavarian Rummel'' the rural population of Tyrol drove the Bavarian Prince-Elector Maximilian II Emanuel out of North Tyrol with a victory at the Pontlatzer Bridge and thus prevented the Bavarian Army, which was allied with France, from marching as planned on Vienna during the War of the Spanish Succession.
*1745 – The first recorded women's cricket match takes place near Guildford, England.
* 1758 – French and Indian War: The Siege of Louisbourg ends with British forces defeating the French and taking control of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.
*1775 – The office that would later become the United States Post Office Department is established by the Second Continental Congress. Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania takes office as Postmaster General.
*1788 – New York ratifies the United States Constitution and becomes the 11th state of the United States.
*1803 – The Surrey Iron Railway, arguably the world's first public railway, opens in south London, United Kingdom.
*1814 – The Swedish–Norwegian War begins.
*1822 – José de San Martín arrives in Guayaquil, Ecuador, to meet with Simón Bolívar.
* 1822 – First day of the three-day Battle of Dervenakia, between the Ottoman Empire force led by Mahmud Dramali Pasha and the Greek Revolutionary force led by Theodoros Kolokotronis.
*1847 – Liberia declares its independence.
*1861 – American Civil War: George B. McClellan assumes command of the Army of the Potomac following a disastrous Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run.
*1863 – American Civil War: Morgan's Raid ends; At Salineville, Ohio, Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan and 360 of his volunteers are captured by Union forces.
*1882 – Premiere of Richard Wagner's opera ''Parsifal'' at Bayreuth.
* 1882 – The Republic of Stellaland is founded in Southern Africa.
*1887 – Publication of the '' Unua Libro'', founding the Esperanto movement.
* 1890 – In Buenos Aires, Argentina the Revolución del Parque takes place, forcing President Miguel Ángel Juárez Celman's resignation.
*1891 – France annexes Tahiti.
*1892 – Dadabhai Naoroji is elected as the first Indian Member of Parliament in Britain.
*1897 – Anglo-Afghan War: The Pashtun fakir Saidullah leads an army of more than 10,000 to begin a siege of the British garrison in the Malakand Agency of the North West Frontier Province of India.
*1899 – Ulises Heureaux, the 27th President of the Dominican Republic, is assassinated.

1901–present

* 1908 – United States Attorney General Charles Joseph Bonaparte issues an order to immediately staff the Office of the Chief Examiner (later renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation).
* 1918 – Emmy Noether's paper, which became known as Noether's theorem was presented at Göttingen, Germany, from which conservation laws are deduced for symmetries of angular momentum, linear momentum, and energy.
*1936 – Spanish Civil War: Germany and Italy decide to intervene in the war in support for Francisco Franco and the Nationalist faction.
* 1936 – King Edward VIII, in one of his few official duties before he abdicates the throne, officially unveils the Canadian National Vimy Memorial.
* 1937 – Spanish Civil War: End of the Battle of Brunete with the Nationalist victory.
* 1941 – World War II: Battle of Grand Harbour, British forces on Malta destroy an attack by the Italian Decima Flottiglia MAS. Fort St Elmo Bridge covering the harbour is demolished in the process.
* 1941 – World War II: In response to the Japanese occupation of French Indochina, the United States, Britain and the Netherlands freeze all Japanese assets and cut off oil shipments.
*1944 – World War II: The Red Army enters Lviv, a major city in western Ukraine, capturing it from the Nazis. Only 300 Jews survive out of 160,000 living in Lviv prior to occupation.
*1945 – The Labour Party wins the United Kingdom general election of July 5 by a landslide, removing Winston Churchill from power.
* 1945 – World War II: The Potsdam Declaration is signed in Potsdam, Germany.
* 1945 – World War II: is the last British Royal Navy ship to be sunk in the war.
* 1945 – World War II: The arrives at Tinian with components and enriched uranium for the Little Boy nuclear bomb.
* 1946 – Aloha Airlines begins service from Honolulu International Airport

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