July 26

Events

Pre-1600

* 657 – First Fitna: In the Battle of Siffin, troops led by Ali ibn Abu Talib clash with those led by Muawiyah I.
* 811 – Battle of Pliska: Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I is killed and his heir Staurakios is seriously wounded.
* 920 – Rout of an alliance of Christian troops from Navarre and Léon against the Muslims at the Battle of Valdejunquera.
*1309 – Henry VII is recognized King of the Romans by Pope Clement V.
* 1509 – The Emperor Krishnadevaraya ascends to the throne, marking the beginning of the regeneration of the Vijayanagara Empire.
* 1529 – Francisco Pizarro González, Spanish conquistador, is appointed governor of Peru.
* 1579 – Francis Drake, the English explorer, discovers a major bay on the coast of California (San Francisco).
*1581 – Plakkaat van Verlatinghe (Act of Abjuration): The northern Low Countries declare their independence from the Spanish king, Philip II.

1601–1900

*1703 – During the '' Bavarian Rummel'' the rural population of Tyrol drove the Bavarian Prince-Elector Maximilian II Emanuel out of North Tyrol with a victory at the Pontlatzer Bridge and thus prevented the Bavarian Army, which was allied with France, from marching as planned on Vienna during the War of the Spanish Succession.
*1745 – The first recorded women's cricket match takes place near Guildford, England.
*1758 – French and Indian War: The Siege of Louisbourg ends with British forces defeating the French and taking control of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.
* 1775 – The office that would later become the United States Post Office Department is established by the Second Continental Congress. Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania takes office as Postmaster General.
*1788 – New York ratifies the United States Constitution and becomes the 11th state of the United States.
*1803 – The Surrey Iron Railway, arguably the world's first public railway, opens in south London, United Kingdom.
*1814 – The Swedish–Norwegian War begins.
*1822 – José de San Martín arrives in Guayaquil, Ecuador, to meet with Simón Bolívar.
* 1822 – First day of the three-day Battle of Dervenakia, between the Ottoman Empire force led by Mahmud Dramali Pasha and the Greek Revolutionary force led by Theodoros Kolokotronis.
* 1847 – Liberia declares its independence.
*1861 – American Civil War: George B. McClellan assumes command of the Army of the Potomac following a disastrous Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run.
*1863 – American Civil War: Morgan's Raid ends; At Salineville, Ohio, Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan and 360 of his volunteers are captured by Union forces.
*1882 – Premiere of Richard Wagner's opera ''Parsifal'' at Bayreuth.
* 1882 – The Republic of Stellaland is founded in Southern Africa.
*1887 – Publication of the ''Unua Libro'', founding the Esperanto movement.
*1890 – In Buenos Aires, Argentina the Revolución del Parque takes place, forcing President Miguel Ángel Juárez Celman's resignation.
*1891 – France annexes Tahiti.
*1892 – Dadabhai Naoroji is elected as the first Indian Member of Parliament in Britain.
* 1897 – Anglo-Afghan War: The Pashtun fakir Saidullah leads an army of more than 10,000 to begin a siege of the British garrison in the Malakand Agency of the North West Frontier Province of India.
*1899 – Ulises Heureaux, the 27th President of the Dominican Republic, is assassinated.

1901–present

* 1908 – United States Attorney General Charles Joseph Bonaparte issues an order to immediately staff the Office of the Chief Examiner (later renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation).
*1918 – Emmy Noether's paper, which became known as Noether's theorem was presented at Göttingen, Germany, from which conservation laws are deduced for symmetries of angular momentum, linear momentum, and energy.
*1936 – Spanish Civil War: Germany and Italy decide to intervene in the war in support for Francisco Franco and the Nationalist faction.
* 1936 – King Edward VIII, in one of his few official duties before he abdicates the throne, officially unveils the Canadian National Vimy Memorial.
*1937 – Spanish Civil War: End of the Battle of Brunete with the Nationalist victory.
*1941 – World War II: Battle of Grand Harbour, British forces on Malta destroy an attack by the Italian Decima Flottiglia MAS. Fort St Elmo Bridge covering the harbour is demolished in the process.
*1941 – World War II: In response to the Japanese occupation of French Indochina, the United States, Britain and the Netherlands freeze all Japanese assets and cut off oil shipments.
* 1944 – World War II: The Red Army enters Lviv, a major city in western Ukraine, capturing it from the Nazis. Only 300 Jews survive out of 160,000 living in Lviv prior to occupation.
*1945 – The Labour Party wins the United Kingdom general election of July 5 by a landslide, removing Winston Churchill from power.
* 1945 – World War II: The Potsdam Declaration is signed in Potsdam, Germany.
* 1945 – World War II: is the last British Royal Navy ship to be sunk in the war.
* 1945 – World War II: The arrives at Tinian with components and enriched uranium for the Little Boy nuclear bomb.
*1946 – Aloha Airlines begins service from Honolulu International Airport.
*1947 – Cold War: U.S. President Harry S. Truman signs the National Security Act of 1947 into United States law creating the Central Intelligence Agency, United States Department of Defense, United States Air Force, Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the United States National Security Council.
*1948 – U.S. President Harry S. Truman signs Executive Order 9981, desegregating the military of the United States.
*1951 – Walt Disney's 13th animated film, ''Alice in Wonderland'', premieres in London, England, United Kingdom.
* 1952 – King Farouk of Egypt abdicates in favor of his son Fuad.
*1953 – Cold War: Fidel Castro leads an unsuccessful attack on the Moncada Barracks, thus beginning the Cuban Revolution. The movement took the name of the date: 26th of July Movement
* 1953 – Arizona Governor John Howard Pyle orders an anti-polygamy law enforcement crackdown on residents of Short Creek, Arizona, which becomes known as the Short Creek raid.
* 1953 – Soldiers from the 2nd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment repel a number of Chinese assaults against a key position known as The Hook during the Battle of the Samichon River, just hours before the Armistice Agreement is signed, ending the Korean War.
* 1956 – Following the World Bank's refusal to fund building the Aswan Dam, Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalizes the Suez Canal, sparking international condemnation.
*1957 – Carlos Castillo Armas, dictator of Guatemala, is assassinated.
* 1958 – Explorer program: ''Explorer 4'' is launched.
*1963 – Syncom 2, the world's first geosynchronous satellite, is launched from Cape Canaveral on a Delta B booster.
* 1963 – An earthquake in Skopje, Yugoslavia (present-day North Macedonia) leaves 1,100 dead.
* 1963 – The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development votes to admit Japan.
*1968 – Vietnam War: South Vietnamese opposition leader Trương Đình Dzu is sentenced to five years hard labor for advocating the formation of a coalition government as a way to move toward an end to the war.
*1971 – Apollo program: Launch of Apollo 15 on the first Apollo " J-Mission", and first use of a Lunar Roving Vehicle.
*1974 – Greek Prime Minister Konstantinos Karamanlis forms the country's first civil government after seven years of military rule.
*1977 – The National Assembly of Quebec imposes the use of French as the official language of the provincial government.
*1989 – A federal grand jury indicts Cornell University student Robert T. Morris, Jr. for releasing the Morris worm, thus becoming the first person to be prosecuted under the 1986 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.
* 1990 – The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 is signed into law by President George H. W. Bush.
*1993 – Asiana Airlines Flight 733 crashes into a ridge on Mt. Ungeo on its third attempt to land at Mokpo Airport, South Korea. Sixty-eight of the 116 people onboard are killed.
* 1999 – Kargil conflict officially comes to an end. The Indian Army announces the complete eviction of Pakistani intruders.
*2005 – Space Shuttle program: STS-114 Mission: Launch of ''Discovery'', NASA's first scheduled flight mission after the ''Columbia'' Disaster in 2003.
* 2005 – Mumbai, India receives 99.5cm of rain (39.17 inches) within 24 hours, resulting in floods killing over 5,000 people.
*2008 – Fifty-six people are killed and over 200 people are injured, in the Ahmedabad bombings in India.
*2009 – The militant Nigerian Islamist group Boko Haram attacks a police station in Bauchi, leading to reprisals by the Nigeria Police Force and four days of violence across multiple cities.
*2011 – A Royal Moroccan Air Force Lockheed C-130 Hercules crashes near Guelmim Airport in Guelmim, Morocco. All 80 people on board are killed.
*2016 – The Sagamihara stabbings occur in Kanagawa Prefecture in Japan. Nineteen people are killed.
* 2016 – Hillary Clinton becomes the first female nominee for President of the United States by a major political party at the Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia.
* 2016 – Solar Impulse 2 becomes the first solar-powered aircraft to circumnavigate the Earth.

Births

Pre-1600

* 1030 – Stanislaus of Szczepanów, Polish bishop and saint (d. 1079)
* 1400 – Isabel le Despenser, Countess of Worcester, English noble (d. 1439)
* 1502 – Christian Egenolff, German printer (d. 1555)

1601–1900

*1678 – Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1711)
*1711 – Lorenz Christoph Mizler, German physician, mathematician, and historian (d. 1778)
*1739 – George Clinton, American general and politician, 4th Vice President of the United States (d. 1812)
* 1782 – John Field, Irish pianist and composer (d. 1837)
*1791 – Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart, Austrian pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1844)
* 1796 – George Catlin, American painter, author, and traveler (d. 1872)
* 1802 – Mariano Arista, Mexican general and politician, 42nd President of Mexico (d. 1855)
*1819 – Justin Holland, American guitarist and educator (d. 1887)
* 1829 – Auguste Beernaert, Belgian politician, 14th Prime Minister of Belgium, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1912)
* 1841 – Carl Robert Jakobson, Estonian journalist and politician (d. 1882)
*1842 – Alfred Marshall, English economist and academic (d. 1924)
*1844 – Stefan Drzewiecki, Ukrainian-Polish engineer and journalist (d. 1938)
*1854 – Philippe Gaucher, French dermatologist and academic (d. 1918)
*1855 – Ferdinand Tönnies, German sociologist and philosopher (d. 1936)
* 1856 – George Bernard Shaw, Irish playwright and critic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1950)
*1858 – Tom Garrett, Australian cricketer and lawyer (d. 1943)
*1863 – Jāzeps Vītols, Latvian composer (d. 1948)
*1865 – Philipp Scheidemann, German journalist and politician, 10th Chancellor of Germany (d. 1939)
* 1865 – Rajanikanta Sen, Indian poet and composer (d. 1910)
*1874 – Serge Koussevitzky, Russian-American bassist, composer, and conductor (d. 1951)
* 1875 – Carl Jung, Swiss psychiatrist and psychotherapist (d. 1961)
* 1875 – Ernesta Di Capua, Italian botanist and explorer (d. 1943)
* 1875 – Antonio Machado, Spanish poet and academic (d. 1939)
* 1877 – Jesse Lauriston Livermore, American investor and security analyst, "Great Bear of Wall Street" (d. 1940)
*1878 – Ernst Hoppenberg, German swimmer and water polo player (d. 1937)
*1879 – Shunroku Hata, Japanese field marshal and politician, 48th Japanese Minister of War (d. 1962)
*1880 – Volodymyr Vynnychenko, Ukrainian playwright and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Ukrainian People's Republic (d. 1951)
*1882 – Albert Dunstan, Australian politician, 33rd Premier of Victoria (d. 1950)
*1885 – Roy Castleton, American baseball player (d. 1967)
* 1885 – André Maurois, French soldier and author (d. 1967)
* 1886 – Lars Hanson, Swedish actor (d. 1965)
*1888 – Reginald Hands, South African cricketer and rugby player (d. 1918)
*1890 – Daniel J. Callaghan, American admiral, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1942)
*1892 – Sad Sam Jones, American baseball player and manager (d. 1966)
*1893 – George Grosz, German painter and illustrator (d. 1959)
*1894 – Aldous Huxley, English novelist and philosopher (d. 1963)
*1895 – Gracie Allen, American actress and comedian (d. 1964)
* 1896 – Tim Birkin, English soldier and race car driver (d. 1933)
* 1897 – Harold D. Cooley, American lawyer and politician (d. 1974)
* 1897 – Paul Gallico, American journalist and author (d. 1976)
*1900 – Sarah Kafrit, Israeli politician and teacher (d. 1983)

1901–present

* 1903 – Estes Kefauver, American lawyer and politician (d. 1963)
* 1904 – Frank Scott Hogg, Canadian astronomer and academic (d. 1951)
* 1904 – Edwin Albert Link, American industrialist and entrepreneur, invented the flight simulator (d. 1981)
*1906 – Irena Iłłakowicz, German-Polish lieutenant (d. 1943)
* 1908 – Lucien Wercollier, Luxembourger sculptor (d. 2002)
* 1909 – Peter Thorneycroft, Baron Thorneycroft, English lawyer and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (d. 1994)
* 1909 – Vivian Vance, American actress and singer (d. 1979)
* 1913 – Kan Yuet-keung, Hong Kong banker, lawyer, and politician (d. 2012)
*1914 – C. Farris Bryant, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 34th Governor of Florida (d. 2002)
* 1914 – Erskine Hawkins, American trumpet player and bandleader (d. 1993)
* 1914 – Ellis Kinder, American baseball player (d. 1968)
* 1916 – Dean Brooks, American physician and actor (d. 2013)
* 1916 – Jaime Luiz Coelho, Brazilian archbishop (d. 2013)
*1918 – Marjorie Lord, American actress (d. 2015)
*1919 – Virginia Gilmore, American actress (d. 1986)
* 1919 – James Lovelock, English biologist and chemist (d. 2022)
*1920 – Bob Waterfield, American football player and coach (d. 1983)
*1921 – Tom Saffell, American baseball player and manager (d. 2012)
* 1921 – Jean Shepherd, American radio host, actor, and screenwriter (d. 1999)
* 1922 – Blake Edwards, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2010)
* 1922 – Jim Foglesong, American record producer (d. 2013)
* 1922 – Jason Robards, American actor (d. 2000)
* 1923 – Jan Berenstain, American author and illustrator (d. 2012)
* 1923 – Bernice Rubens, Welsh author (d. 2004)
* 1923 – Hoyt Wilhelm, American baseball player and coach (d. 2002)
* 1925 – Jerzy Einhorn, Polish-Swedish physician and politician (d. 2000)
* 1925 – Joseph Engelberger, American physicist and engineer (d. 2015)
* 1925 – Gene Gutowski, Polish-American film producer (d. 2016)
* 1925 – Ana María Matute, Spanish author and academic (d. 2014)
*1926 – James Best, American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2015)
* 1926 – Dorothy E. Smith, Canadian sociologist (d. 2022)
*1927 – Gulabrai Ramchand, Indian cricketer (d. 2003)
*1928 – Don Beauman, English race car driver (d. 1955)
* 1928 – Francesco Cossiga, Italian academic and politician, 8th President of Italy (d. 2010)
* 1928 – Elliott Erwitt, French-American photographer and director
* 1928 – Ibn-e-Safi, Indian-Pakistani author and poet (d. 1980)
* 1928 – Joe Jackson, American talent manager, father of Michael Jackson (d. 2018)
* 1928 – Stanley Kubrick, American director, producer, screenwriter, and cinematographer (d. 1999)
* 1928 – Peter Lougheed, Canadian lawyer and politician, 10th Premier of Alberta (d. 2012)
* 1928 – Sally Oppenheim-Barnes, Baroness Oppenheim-Barnes, Irish-born English politician
* 1929 – Marc Lalonde, Canadian lawyer and politician, 34th Canadian Minister of Justice
* 1929 – Alexis Weissenberg, Bulgarian-French pianist and educator (d. 2012)
* 1930 – Plínio de Arruda Sampaio, Brazilian lawyer and politician (d. 2014)
* 1930 – Barbara Jefford, English actress (d. 2020)
*1931 – Telê Santana, Brazilian footballer and manager (d. 2006)
*1934 – Tommy McDonald, American football player (d. 2018)
*1936 – Tsutomu Koyama, Japanese volleyball player and coach (d. 2012)
* 1936 – Lawrie McMenemy, English footballer and manager
*1938 – Bobby Hebb, American singer-songwriter (d. 2010)
* 1938 – Keith Peters, Welsh physician and academic
*1939 – Jun Henmi, Japanese author and poet (d. 2011)
* 1939 – John Howard, Australian lawyer and politician, 25th Prime Minister of Australia
* 1939 – Bob Lilly, American football player and photographer
* 1939 – Richard Marlow, English organist and conductor (d. 2013)
*1940 – Dobie Gray, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2011)
* 1940 – Brian Mawhinney, Baron Mawhinney, Northern Irish-British academic and politician, Secretary of State for Transport (d. 2019)
* 1940 – Bobby Rousseau, Canadian ice hockey player
*1941 – Jean Baubérot, French historian and sociologist
* 1941 – Darlene Love, American singer and actress
* 1941 – Brenton Wood, American R&B singer-songwriter and keyboard player
* 1942 – Vladimír Mečiar, Slovak politician, 1st Prime Minister of Slovakia
* 1942 – Teddy Pilette, Belgian race car driver
*1943 – Peter Hyams, American director, screenwriter, and cinematographer
* 1943 – Mick Jagger, English singer-songwriter, producer, and actor
*1945 – Betty Davis, American singer-songwriter (d. 2022)
* 1945 – Helen Mirren, English actress
*1946 – Emilio de Villota, Spanish race car driver
*1948 – Luboš Andršt, Czech guitarist and songwriter
* 1948 – Herbert Wiesinger, German figure skater
*1949 – Thaksin Shinawatra, Thai businessman and politician, 23rd Prime Minister of Thailand
* 1949 – Roger Taylor, English singer-songwriter, drummer, and producer
*1950 – Nelinho, Brazilian footballer and manager
* 1950 – Nicholas Evans, English journalist, screenwriter, and producer
* 1950 – Susan George, English actress and producer
* 1950 – Anne Rafferty, English lawyer and judge
* 1950 – Rich Vogler, American race car driver (d. 1990)
*1951 – Rick Martin, Canadian-American ice hockey player (d. 2011)
* 1952 – Glynis Breakwell, English psychologist and academic
*1953 – Felix Magath, German footballer and manager
* 1953 – Robert Phillips, American guitarist
* 1953 – Henk Bleker, Dutch politician
* 1953 – Earl Tatum, American professional basketball player
*1954 – Vitas Gerulaitis, American tennis player and coach (d. 1994)
*1955 – Aleksandrs Starkovs, Latvian footballer and coach
* 1955 – Asif Ali Zardari, Pakistani businessman and politician, 11th President of Pakistan

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