José Ignacio Javier Oriol Encarnación de Espronceda y Delgado (25 March 1808 – 23 May 1842) was a
Romantic Spanish poet, one of the most representative authors of the 19th century.
He was influenced by
Eugenio de Ochoa
Eugenio de Ochoa (1815–72) was a Spanish author, writer, and translator.
References
*Richard Eugene Chandler and Kessel Schwartz''A New History of Spanish Literature''.Louisiana State University Press, 1991. ; pp. 337–338
External ...
,
Federico Madrazo,
Alfred Tennyson,
Richard Chenevix Trench
Richard Chenevix Trench (Richard Trench until 1873; 9 September 1807 – 28 March 1886) was an Anglican archbishop and poet.
Life
He was born in Dublin, Ireland, the son of Richard Trench (1774–1860), barrister-at-law, and the Dublin writ ...
and
Diego de Alvear.
Life
Espronceda was born in
Almendralejo
Almendralejo () is a town in the Province of Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain. It is situated 45 km south-east of Badajoz, on the main road and rail route between Mérida and Seville. , it has a population of 33,975. It was the site of a battle ...
, at the
Province of Badajoz
The province of Badajoz () is a province of western Spain located in the autonomous community of Extremadura. It was formed in 1833. It is bordered by the provinces of Cáceres in the north, Toledo, Ciudad Real in the east, Córdoba in the s ...
. As a youth, he studied at the Colegio San Mateo at
Madrid
Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and ...
, having
Alberto Lista
Alberto Rodríguez de Lista y Aragón (October 15, 1775October 5, 1848), Spanish poet and educationalist, was born in Seville.
Biography
He began teaching at the age of fifteen, and when little over twenty was made professor of elocution and ...
as a teacher. When he was 15 years old, he formed a secret society named "''Los Numantinos''" alongside his friends
Ventura de la Vega and
Patricio de la Escosura
Patricio de la Escosura Morrogh (5 November 1807–1878) was a Spanish politician, journalist, playwright and author associated with the Romantic school
Romanticism (also known as the Romantic movement or Romantic era) was an artistic, ...
, conspiring against
Ferdinand VII and intending to avenge the death of
Rafael del Riego
Rafael del Riego y Flórez (7 April 1784 – 7 November 1823) was a Spanish general and liberal politician, who played a key role in the outbreak of the Liberal Triennium (''Trienio liberal'' in Spanish).
Early life
Riego was born on 7 April ...
. For this, he was imprisoned in a monastery and exiled. Afterward, he left Spain and lived in
Lisbon
Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administrative limits w ...
, Belgium, France, England and
Holland
Holland is a geographical regionG. Geerts & H. Heestermans, 1981, ''Groot Woordenboek der Nederlandse Taal. Deel I'', Van Dale Lexicografie, Utrecht, p 1105 and former Provinces of the Netherlands, province on the western coast of the Netherland ...
. On his return to Spain in 1833, he became active in the
extreme left-wing of Spanish political culture. Espronceda is also known for his affair with
Teresa Mancha, for whom he wrote "Canto a Teresa" (from ''El diablo mundo''). He died of
diphtheria
Diphtheria is an infection caused by the bacterium '' Corynebacterium diphtheriae''. Most infections are asymptomatic or have a mild clinical course, but in some outbreaks more than 10% of those diagnosed with the disease may die. Signs and s ...
in 1842.
In 1902, his body was moved to
Panteón de Hombres Ilustres, Spain.
Literary production
Having been inspired to a literary career by his teacher
Alberto Lista
Alberto Rodríguez de Lista y Aragón (October 15, 1775October 5, 1848), Spanish poet and educationalist, was born in Seville.
Biography
He began teaching at the age of fifteen, and when little over twenty was made professor of elocution and ...
, Espronceda began to write the historical poem ''El Pelayo'' during his stay in the monastery. The poem was never completed. Later he wrote the novel ''Sancho Saldaña''. His other important works include ''
El estudiante de Salamanca
''The Student of Salamanca'' (Spanish: ''El estudiante de Salamanca'') is a work by Spanish Romantic poet José de Espronceda. It was published in fragments beginning in 1837; the complete poem was published in 1840 in the volume ''Poesías''. Par ...
'', whose main character is Don Félix de Montemar, ''
El mendigo'', ''
¡Guerra!'', ''
Al dos de mayo'' and ''
El diablo mundo'',
[ long lyric poems, the latter remained unfinished. Also important were ''A Jarifa en una orgía'', ''El verdugo'',][ ''El canto del cosaco'', ''La canción del pirata''][ and ''Himno al sol''. Many of his works display the tendencies of ]Romanticism
Romanticism (also known as the Romantic movement or Romantic era) was an artistic, literary, musical, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century, and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate ...
, and along with José Zorrilla
José Zorrilla y Moral () was a Spanish poet and dramatist, who became National Laureate.
Biography
Zorrilla was born in Valladolid to a magistrate in whom Ferdinand VII placed special confidence. He was educated by the Jesuits at the Real Sem ...
he is considered Spain's most important Romantic poet, as well as the most rebellious.
In 2006 Diego Martinez Torron has published the first annotated edition of the complete works of José de Espronceda with unpublished text, and with also unpublished text in ''El otro Espronceda''.[El otro Espronceda, edicion de Diego Martinez Torron, Sevilla, Alfar, 2016, (Alfar Universidad, 215)]
References
Bibliography
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* Geoffrey Brereton, ''Quelques précisions sur les sources d'Espronceda'' (Paris, 1933)
External links
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Espronceda, Jose de
1808 births
1842 deaths
People from Almendralejo
19th-century Spanish poets
Romantic poets
Writers from Extremadura
Spanish male poets
19th-century Spanish male writers
Spanish literature
Romanticism