Joko Widodo presidential campaign, 2014
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Joko Widodo's presidential campaign in 2014 was announced on 14 March 2014, when his political party PDI-P declared him as the party's candidate for the upcoming election in 2014. He was then the
Governor of Jakarta The Jakarta Special Capital Region is administratively equal to a province with special status as the capital of Indonesia. Instead of a mayor, the executive head of Jakarta is a governor. The governor of Jakarta is an elected politician who, alon ...
, and previously the Mayor of
Surakarta Surakarta ( jv, ꦯꦸꦫꦏꦂꦠ), known colloquially as Solo ( jv, ꦱꦭ; ), is a city in Central Java, Indonesia. The 44 km2 (16.2 sq mi) city adjoins Karanganyar Regency and Boyolali Regency to the north, Karanganyar Regency and Sukoh ...
. With former vice president
Jusuf Kalla Muhammad Jusuf Kalla (; born 15 May 1942) is an Indonesian politician and businessman who served as the 10th and 12th vice president of Indonesia, the only vice president in Indonesian history to serve two non-consecutive terms in office (2004 ...
as his running mate, he was elected as President of Indonesia following election on 9 July and official KPU announcement on 22 July. Being backed by four political parties, Widodo officially began his campaign in May, followed by two months of social media and physical campaigning. After a series of debates and attacks, the vote on 9 July came out in his victory, with him securing over 53% of the vote. Following a failed lawsuit from his opponent Prabowo Subianto and
Hatta Rajasa Muhammad Hatta Rajasa (born 18 December 1953) is an Indonesian politician who served as the Coordinating Minister for the Economy of Indonesia from 22 October 2009 to 13 May 2014. A member of the National Mandate Party (PAN), he previously served ...
, he was officially inaugurated on 20 October 2014, becoming the seventh President of Indonesia.


Background

In 2012,
Joko Widodo Joko Widodo (; born 21 June 1961), popularly known as Jokowi, is an Indonesian politician and businessman who is the 7th and current president of Indonesia. Elected in July 2014, he was the first Indonesian president not to come from an elite ...
(popularly known as Jokowi) was elected as the
Governor of Jakarta The Jakarta Special Capital Region is administratively equal to a province with special status as the capital of Indonesia. Instead of a mayor, the executive head of Jakarta is a governor. The governor of Jakarta is an elected politician who, alon ...
after defeating incumbent
Fauzi Bowo Fauzi Bowo (born 10 April 1949) is an Indonesian politician and diplomat who was the Indonesian Ambassador to Germany from 2013 to 2018. He was the governor of Jakarta between 2007 and 2012 and previously served as deputy governor from 2002 to 20 ...
in the
2012 Jakarta gubernatorial election A gubernatorial election was held in Jakarta on 11 July 2012, with a second round run-off on 20 September 2012 to elect the governor of Jakarta for the next five-year term. Incumbent governor Fauzi Bowo was running for a second successive term. ...
. Having only entered politics in 2005 as the mayor of his hometown
Surakarta Surakarta ( jv, ꦯꦸꦫꦏꦂꦠ), known colloquially as Solo ( jv, ꦱꦭ; ), is a city in Central Java, Indonesia. The 44 km2 (16.2 sq mi) city adjoins Karanganyar Regency and Boyolali Regency to the north, Karanganyar Regency and Sukoh ...
, many national and international media outlets described him as a "rising star", with ''Bloomberg'' describing him as "Indonesia's most-promising politician". During the aforementioned gubernatorial election, his campaigning portrayed him as a reformer in contrast to other candidates and adopted a non-formal approach appealing directly to the voters. He was also described as a "media darling" due to his close relations with journalists and a social media pioneer, with his campaign team uploading all campaign materials to YouTube. With incumbent president
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (born 9 September 1949), commonly referred to by his initials SBY, is an Indonesian politician and retired army general who served as the sixth president of Indonesia from 2004 to 2014. A member of the Democratic Party ...
hitting term limits in 2014, Jokowi was seen as a major contender for the position due to his popularity and he topped initial polls. Initially, Jokowi himself did not directly respond to media inquiries regarding his possible candidacy. During his governorship, his ''blusukan'' (impromptu visits) habit which he started doing during his mayoral term, became a center of attention outside his programs.


Timeline


Declaration

On 14 March 2014, leader of PDI-P Megawati Soekarnoputri announced that her party would be endorsing Jokowi's candidacy in the 2014 presidential elections on July that year. The day before that, Jokowi accompanied Megawati in visiting the grave of the latter's father and first president of Indonesia
Sukarno Sukarno). (; born Koesno Sosrodihardjo, ; 6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967. Sukarno was the leader of ...
. Following the announcement, he did not immediately resign as governor, with the Ministry of Home Affairs noting that he was not required to. His official candidacy still required a support from the parliament to be elected in the
legislative elections A general election is a political voting election where generally all or most members of a given political body are chosen. These are usually held for a nation, state, or territory's primary legislative body, and are different from by-elections ( ...
later that year. In order to put forth a candidate, a party of a coalition thereof required 20 percent of DPR seats (112) or 25 percent of the popular vote in accordance to Law 15 of 2014. Following this declaration, both the
IDX Composite The IDX Composite (formerly: JSX Composite, Indonesian: ''Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan'', IHSG) is an index of all stocks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, IDX (formerly known as Jakarta Stock Exchange, JSX). Annual Returns The following ta ...
and the Rupiah appreciated in value, which was attributed to positive investor sentiments to the news. His candidacy received criticism particularly from the side of Prabowo Subianto, who also was running for presidency and had previously supported Jokowi in the 2012 gubernatorial election. Others noted his 2012 campaign promise that he would serve as governor for a full five-year term.


Registration

After the legislative election was held on 9 April 2014, with the results being announced on 10 May, Jokowi's political party PDI-P gained the most votes with 18.95% of the popular vote. It secured 109 seats in the
People's Representative Council The People's Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia ( id, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia, DPR-RI), also known as the House of Representatives, is one of two elected chambers of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), ...
, 3 short from what's needed to run its own ticket and hence must form a coalition to do so. Following the announcement, Jokowi requested a leave from his position as governor on 12 May. Once approved, his deputy
Basuki Tjahaja Purnama Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (, Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ''Chûng Van-ho̍k''; born 29 June 1966) is an Indonesian businessman, politician, and former governor of Jakarta. He is also known by his Hakka Chinese nickname Ahok (). He was the second minority gover ...
took over his position and became acting governor for the capital. His running mate was not revealed until 19 May, when Jokowi declared that would be running with former vice president and 2009 presidential candidate
Jusuf Kalla Muhammad Jusuf Kalla (; born 15 May 1942) is an Indonesian politician and businessman who served as the 10th and 12th vice president of Indonesia, the only vice president in Indonesian history to serve two non-consecutive terms in office (2004 ...
(JK). Supporting them initially was a coalition of four political parties: Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), Nasdem Party,
People's Conscience Party The People's Conscience Party ( id, Partai Hati Nurani Rakyat), better known by its abbreviation, Hanura, is a political party in Indonesia. It was established following a meeting in Jakarta on 13–14 December 2006 and first headed by former Indo ...
(Hanura) and the
National Awakening Party The National Awakening Party ( id, Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa), frequently abbreviated to PKB, is an Islam-basedAl-Hamdi, Ridho. (2017). ''Moving towards a Normalised Path: Political Islam in Contemporary Indonesia''. JURNAL STUDI PEMERINTAHAN ( ...
(PKB). Golkar, which initially had stated that it would support the pair, switched to support the opposing Prabowo Subianto
Hatta Rajasa Muhammad Hatta Rajasa (born 18 December 1953) is an Indonesian politician who served as the Coordinating Minister for the Economy of Indonesia from 22 October 2009 to 13 May 2014. A member of the National Mandate Party (PAN), he previously served ...
ticket shortly beforehand despite Kalla being a former chairman of Golkar. The pair registered to the
General Elections Commission The General Elections Commission ( id, Komisi Pemilihan Umum, abbreviated as KPU) is the body that organises elections in Indonesia. Its responsibilities include deciding which parties can contest elections, organising the voting and announcing ...
( id, Komisi Pemilihan Umum/KPU) on 19 May, accompanied by politicians such as Puan Maharani and Tjahjo Kumolo. On 23 May, the Jokowi-JK national campaigning team ( id, tim pemenangan/tim sukses/timses) was established. Included in the team are the chairman of the coalition's political parties as advisors: Megawati Soekarnoputri, Muhaimin Iskandar,
Surya Paloh Surya Dharma Paloh (born 16 July 1951) is an Indonesian businessman and politician who owns Media Group, the ''Media Indonesia'' daily newspaper and ''MetroTV,'' a 24-hour news television channel. In politics, he was the chairman of the advisory b ...
and Wiranto. The team was headed by PDI-P secretary general and
People's Representative Council The People's Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia ( id, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia, DPR-RI), also known as the House of Representatives, is one of two elected chambers of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), ...
member Tjahjo Kumolo, and included lawmakers from the coalition parties, retired generals such as Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan and
A. M. Hendropriyono General (Ret.) Abdullah Mahmud Hendropriyono ( ; born 7 May 1945) is a retired honorary general from Kopassus, the Indonesian Army special forces group. Hendropriyono was the first head of Indonesia's State Intelligence Agency (BIN), and was gen ...
, and religious figures such as former
Nahdlatul Ulama Nahdlatul Ulama (, , NU) is an Islam in Indonesia, Islamic organization in Indonesia. Its membership estimates range from 40 million (2013) to over 95 million (2021), making it the largest Islamic organization in the world. NU also is a charitab ...
chairman
Hasyim Muzadi Achmad Hasyim Muzadi (8 August 1944 – 16 March 2017) was an Indonesian Islamic scholar, cleric, and the fourth Chairman of Nahdlatul Ulama, the largest Islamic organization in Indonesia, from 1999 to 2010. He was the founder and director of the ...
. Academician
Anies Baswedan Anies Rasyid Baswedan (born 7 May 1969) is an Indonesian academic, activist, and politician who served as the Governor of Jakarta from 2017 to 2022, as an Independent. A student activist and political analyst before entering public service, he s ...
and former Blitar mayor Djarot Saiful Hidayat, who would both later serve as
Governor of Jakarta The Jakarta Special Capital Region is administratively equal to a province with special status as the capital of Indonesia. Instead of a mayor, the executive head of Jakarta is a governor. The governor of Jakarta is an elected politician who, alon ...
, were also in the team. The team's office was in Jalan Sisingamangaraja, in Kebayoran Baru subdistrict of Jakarta. Ballot numbers were assigned on 1 June, with rival ticket Prabowo-Hatta getting 1 and Jokowi-JK getting 2. The campaigning period officially commenced on 4 June, to last for a month and ended on 5 July. Both pairs submitted their campaigning itinerary to KPU by 7 June.


Campaigning

Widodo began his campaigning tour in Papua on early June 2014. His tour covered a multitude of provinces, in total visiting 31 provinces (all except for
Jambi Jambi is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the east coast of central Sumatra and spans to the Barisan Mountains in the west. Its capital and largest city is Jambi. The province has a land area of 50,160.05 km2, and a sea area of 3, ...
and Yogyakarta Special Region). In the last day of the campaigning period, he returned to Papua, visiting
Jayapura Jayapura (formerly Dutch: ''Hollandia'') is the capital and largest city of the Indonesian province of Papua. It is situated on the northern coast of New Guinea island and covers an area of . The city borders the Pacific Ocean and Yos Sudarso ...
and Sorong. The serial number 2 assigned to him resulted in rock band Slank creating a song for his campaign, which was called "Salam Dua Jari" (two-finger salute). Later in the campaign, a concert of the same name was held in the
Gelora Bung Karno Stadium Gelora Bung Karno Main Stadium ( id, Stadion Utama Gelora Bung Karno; literally "Bung Karno Sports Arena Main Stadium"), formerly Senayan Main Stadium and Gelora Senayan Main Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium located at the center of the Gel ...
, which Widodo attended. Other concerts of the same name and smaller scale were also held before in various cities in West Java. During the campaign, a slanderous campaign against him was launched, accusing him of being secretly
Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...
and
Chinese Chinese can refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of va ...
before further accusing him of having sympathies towards communism, namely the banned
Indonesian Communist Party The Communist Party of Indonesia (Indonesian: ''Partai Komunis Indonesia'', PKI) was a communist party in Indonesia during the mid-20th century. It was the largest non-ruling communist party in the world before its violent disbandment in 1965. ...
. The team denied all the allegations. Close to the voting date, Jokowi travelled to Mecca in a pilgrimage.


Social media

Elected lawmaker and vice chairman of Gerindra
Fadli Zon Fadli Zon (born 1 June 1971) is an Indonesian politician, presently serving as a member of the People's Representative Council, where he was previously Deputy Speaker from 2014 to 2019. He was one of the founders of Prabowo Subianto's Great Indone ...
claimed that his candidate and party received a flood of attacks on social media, and posted a poem on Twitter calling the attackers "Pasukan Nasi Bungkus" (''panasbung'', lit. "packaged rice army"). The term became commonly used in social media as a derogatory for supporters of either side or the large number of fake accounts. The volunteers and staffs in the campaign's social media team were divided into "supportive" (posting positive news regarding Widodo-Kalla), "defensive" (defending the Widodo-Kalla pair) and "offensive" (attacking the Prabowo-Hatta pair). Compared to the Prabowo-Hatta campaign team, the volunteers and staffs were described as "more sporadic".


Debates

Five televised debates were held by the KPU. The debates were the first in Indonesia's electoral history to be broadcast live on television and the first one, held on 9 June, covered topics such as democracy, legal certainty and government transparency, in addition to human rights. In the second debate (15 June), which focused on economic development and social welfare, Widodo endorsed the nation's creative economy and went for an empowerment of "small economies". The third debate on 22 June focused on national security and international relations. During the debate, he was questioned regarding the varying Australia-Indonesia relations, in which he replied that "the two countries have a distrust problem, which needs to be solved through democracy". He also supported improving the welfare of soldiers in addition to modernizing the armed forces and defense industry. The fourth debate on 29 June centered around human development in addition to science and technology, with the debates being held between the running mates, the presidential candidates watching from the audience. Kalla during the debate stated that free public education was "a given" and should no longer be up for debate. The fifth and final round of debates, which covered agriculture, energy and the environment, was held on 5 July. Jokowi-JK promised the opening of of new farmland (compared to 2 million promised by Prabowo-Hatta), a one map policy, establishment of value-adding industries for agricultural products and integrated cattle farms.


Voting

For the voting process, the Widodo campaign team deployed about witnesses to the individual polling stations across the country. In
South Sulawesi South Sulawesi ( id, Sulawesi Selatan) is a province in the southern peninsula of Sulawesi. The Selayar Islands archipelago to the south of Sulawesi is also part of the province. The capital is Makassar. The province is bordered by Central Sula ...
alone, both sides deployed around 24,000 witnesses and each witness was provided Rp 200,000 (USD 15) as compensation. Widodo himself voted in a Menteng poll station, while Kalla voted in Kebayoran Baru.


Results

Following the voting, immediate quick count results generally favored Widodo's victory. However, Prabowo claimed victory based on some pollsters. Several hours before the official announcement by the KPU on 22 July 2014, Prabowo withdrew from the election, claiming "massive systemic fraud" and declaring that he would challenge the results in court. Regardless, the KPU announced Widodo's victory, with him having won 53.15% of the votes. Widodo won 70,997,833 votes; gaining victory in 23 out of 33 provinces in addition winning amongst the overseas voters.


Post-election

Following the announcement, Widodo received congratulations from heads of state across the world, including Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, New Zealand, United States, Japan and the United Kingdom among others. According to Widodo, Barack Obama called him in
Indonesian Indonesian is anything of, from, or related to Indonesia, an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. It may refer to: * Indonesians, citizens of Indonesia ** Native Indonesians, diverse groups of local inhabitants of the archipelago ** Indonesian ...
, giving his congratulations and saying that he looked forward to meeting him in the APEC conference in China. He was sworn in on 20 October 2014, followed by a ceremonial parade from the
Hotel Indonesia roundabout Selamat Datang Monument (''Selamat Datang'' is Indonesian for "Welcome"), also known as the ''Monumen Bundaran HI'' or ''Monumen Bunderan HI'' ( for 'Hotel Indonesia roundabout'), is a monument located in Central Jakarta, Indonesia. Completed in ...
to
Istana Merdeka The Merdeka Palace (; also known in Indonesian as ''Istana Gambir'' and during the Dutch colonial times as ''Paleis te Koningsplein''), is one of six presidential palaces in Indonesia. It is located on the north side of the Merdeka Square in Cen ...
.


Lawsuit

Prabowo-Hatta campaign's legal team sued the election results in the Constitutional Court. After about a month of proceedings, all judges unanimously rejected the appeal, noting that the requests were "not reasonable". Throughout the proceedings, thousands of his supporters protested near the court with around 50,000 police and military personnel being deployed to secure the perimeter.


Finances

The campaign reported total earnings of Rp 312,376,119,823 (USD 27.2 million) and expenditures of Rp 311,899,377,825 (USD 27.15 million). Largest expenditures originated from advertising, which costed the team Rp 151,280,157,963 (USD 13.2 million) in total. Initial audit reports of campaign finances from both sides were checked by the
Indonesia Corruption Watch Indonesia Corruption Watch (ICW) is an Indonesian NGO whose primary mission is to monitor and publicise incidents of corruption in Indonesia. ICW is also heavily engaged in the prevention and deterrence of corruption through education, cultural ch ...
, which noted that the discrepancy between earnings and expenditures of the Widodo team was irregular. However, they also noted that the nominal value was more realistic compared to Subianto's. Later, this was clarified by the campaigning team as meeting expenditures and the spending value was revised from around Rp 294 billion to the Rp 312 billion figure.


Endorsements

''Politicians are noted with their party origin or political affiliation should they come from parties not part of the candidate's coalition.''


Politicians


Central government


Retired military or police personnel

* Pol. Gen.
Da'i Bachtiar Da'i Bachtiar (born 25 January 1950) was Chief of the Indonesian National Police from 2001 to 2005. On 15 October 2002, he announced that Indonesian investigators at the scene of the Bali bombing had recovered traces of C-4 plastic explosives. ...
, former Chief of the
Indonesian National Police '' , mottotranslated = (Serving the Nation) , formed = , preceding1 = , dissolved = , superseding = , employees = 440,000 (2020) , volunteers = , budget = , nongovernment ...
(2001–05) * Adm. Tedjo Edhy Purdijatno, former Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Navy (2008–09)


Businesspeople

*
Surya Paloh Surya Dharma Paloh (born 16 July 1951) is an Indonesian businessman and politician who owns Media Group, the ''Media Indonesia'' daily newspaper and ''MetroTV,'' a 24-hour news television channel. In politics, he was the chairman of the advisory b ...
, owner of
Media Group A media conglomerate, media group, or media institution is a company that owns numerous companies involved in mass media enterprises, such as music, television, radio, publishing, film, motion pictures, theme parks, or the Internet. According t ...
, general chair of Nasdem Party


Entertainers

*
Edo Kondologit Edo ( ja, , , "bay-entrance" or "estuary"), also romanized as Jedo, Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of Tokyo. Edo, formerly a '' jōkamachi'' (castle town) centered on Edo Castle located in Musashi Province, became the ''de facto'' capital of ...
, singer * Ernest Prakasa, comedian * Giring Ganesha, singer * Glenn Fredly, singer * Krisdayanti, singer * Slank, rock band *
Titiek Puspa Sudarwati (born 1 November 1937), better known by her stage name Titiek Puspa, is an Indonesian singer and songwriter. ''Rolling Stone Indonesia'' has selected two of her songs as some of the best Indonesian songs of all time. Biography Puspa wa ...
, singer * Tompi, singer


References

{{Reflist Joko Widodo Indonesian presidential campaigns