Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt (14 November 1668 – 16 November 1745) was an Austrian
baroque architect and military engineer who designed stately buildings and churches and whose work had a profound influence on the architecture of the
Habsburg Empire
The Habsburg monarchy (german: Habsburgermonarchie, ), also known as the Danubian monarchy (german: Donaumonarchie, ), or Habsburg Empire (german: Habsburgerreich, ), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities ...
in the eighteenth century.
After studying in Rome under
Carlo Fontana
Carlo Fontana (1634 or 1638–1714) was an Italian architect originating from today's Canton Ticino, who was in part responsible for the classicizing direction taken by Late Baroque Roman architecture.
Biography
There seems to be no proof tha ...
, he constructed fortresses for
Prince Eugene of Savoy during his Italian campaigns, becoming his favorite architect. In 1700 he became court engineer in Vienna, and in 1711 was named head of the court department of building. He became court architect in 1723.
His designs for palaces, estates, gardens, churches, chapels, and villas were widely imitated, and his architectural principles spread throughout central and southeast Europe.
Among his more important works are
Palais Schwarzenberg
Palais Schwarzenberg is a Baroque palace in front of Schwarzenbergplatz, Landstraße, the 3rd district of Vienna, Austria. It is owned by the princely Schwarzenberg family.
Construction started in 1697 under the architect Johann Lucas von Hildeb ...
,
St. Peter's Church, and
Belvedere in Vienna,
Savoy Castle in
Ráckeve
Ráckeve (Serbian: Српски Ковин / Srpski Kovin) is a town on Csepel Island in the county of , Hungary. Its residents are Magyars, with minority of Serbs.
The Serbian Kovin Monastery, the oldest in Hungary and one of two in the Dioces ...
, Schönborn Palace in Göllersdorf, and
Schloss Hof
Schloss Hof is a palace located in Marchfeld, Austria near the border of Slovakia. It once belonged to Prince Eugene of Savoy who purchased it late in his life in 1726. He had it enlarged in the Baroque style by the architect Johann Lukas von ...
.
[
]
Life
Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt was born on 14 November 1668 in Genoa
Genoa ( ; it, Genova ; lij, Zêna ). is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the sixth-largest city in Italy. In 2015, 594,733 people lived within the city's administrative limits. As of the 2011 Italian census, the Province of ...
(Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
).
Hildebrandt was the son of an Italian
Italian(s) may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries
** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom
** Italian language, a Romance language
*** Regional Ita ...
mother and a German father. Hildebrandt studied under C. Fontana in Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus (legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
,[ and he studied civil and military engineering under Prince Eugene of Savoy also in ]Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus (legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
, and military engineering in Piedmont
it, Piemontese
, population_note =
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, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 =
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, demographics1_title1 =
, demographics1_info1 =
, demographics1_title2 ...
. Hildebrandt became the favorite architect of Prince Eugène.[
In 1696, Hildebrandt established himself thereafter in the ]Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
n capital, Vienna
en, Viennese
, iso_code = AT-9
, registration_plate = W
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, where he worked for such noble families as the Dauns, Harrachs, Schönborns, and Starhembergs, and also Prince Eugene himself.
In 1700, Hildebrandt became Hofburg court engineer, in 1711, head of the Court dept. of building, and in 1723, Hildebrandt became Hofburg Court architect.[ At the Hofburg, however, Hildebrandt could not assert himself against the rivalry of the two Fischer von Erlachs (father ]Johann Bernhard
Johann, typically a male given name, is the German form of ''Iohannes'', which is the Latin form of the Greek name ''Iōánnēs'' (), itself derived from Hebrew name ''Yochanan'' () in turn from its extended form (), meaning "Yahweh is Gracious" ...
and son Joseph Emanuel) and worked mainly for aristocrats.[ Unlike the monumental works of ]Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach
Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach (20 July 1656 – 5 April 1723) was an Austrian architect, sculptor, engraver, and architectural historian whose Baroque architecture profoundly influenced and shaped the tastes of the Habsburg Empire. His inf ...
, Hildebrandt's works seem more committed at a personal level and include more decorative elements.[ This helped his popularity spread to the middle class. Hildebrandt united Italian and French elements and shaped the development of the baroque style in south ]Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
and Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
.[
Hildebrandt was also involved in many great projects which were developed by other architects (e.g. Würzburg, Göttweig Abbey, ]Pommersfelden
Pommersfelden is a community in the Upper Franconian district of Bamberg in Germany.
Geography
The community lies north of Höchstadt an der Aisch on the river Reiche Ebrach.
Constituent communities
The community of Pommersfelden is subdivided ...
, Palais Schwarzenberg
Palais Schwarzenberg is a Baroque palace in front of Schwarzenbergplatz, Landstraße, the 3rd district of Vienna, Austria. It is owned by the princely Schwarzenberg family.
Construction started in 1697 under the architect Johann Lucas von Hildeb ...
).[
From 1713 to 1716, he was employed by the wealthy and powerful ]Kinsky
The House of Kinsky (formerly Vchynští, sg. ''Vchynský'' in Czech; later (in modern Czech) Kinští, sg. ''Kinský''; german: Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau) is a prominent Czech noble family originating from the Kingdom of Bohemia. During th ...
family of Austria, building their residence, the Palais Kinsky
Palais Kinsky is a Baroque palace in central Vienna, Austria. It was originally built for Count Wirich Philipp von Daun, the garrison commander whose son Leopold became a Field Marshal of Empress Maria Theresa. The palace was later bought by the ...
, in Vienna
en, Viennese
, iso_code = AT-9
, registration_plate = W
, postal_code_type = Postal code
, postal_code =
, timezone = CET
, utc_offset = +1
, timezone_DST ...
. From 1723 on, he was inspector-general of the imperial buildings. His two best known works, the Upper Belvedere (1721–1722) and the Lower Belvedere (1714–1716), were both commissioned by Prince Eugene of Savoy.
Hildebrandt also worked in Bavaria
Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total lan ...
on the Pommersfelden
Pommersfelden is a community in the Upper Franconian district of Bamberg in Germany.
Geography
The community lies north of Höchstadt an der Aisch on the river Reiche Ebrach.
Constituent communities
The community of Pommersfelden is subdivided ...
castle known as Schloss Weißenstein
Schloss Weißenstein is a '' Schloss'' or palatial residence in Pommersfelden, Bavaria, southern Germany. It was designed for Lothar Franz von Schönborn, Prince-Bishop of Bamberg and Archbishop of Mainz, to designs by Johann Dientzenhofer ...
.
Hildebrandt built numerous city palaces in Vienna (e.g. Daun-Kinsky, 1716), his religious buildings are also of great importance ( St. Peter's Church and Maria Treu Piaristenchurch in Vienna, Teutonic Church in Linz
Linz ( , ; cs, Linec) is the capital of Upper Austria and third-largest city in Austria. In the north of the country, it is on the Danube south of the Czech border. In 2018, the population was 204,846.
In 2009, it was a European Capital ...
, or Dominican Church in Gabel, Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...
).
Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt died on 16 November 1745 in Vienna
en, Viennese
, iso_code = AT-9
, registration_plate = W
, postal_code_type = Postal code
, postal_code =
, timezone = CET
, utc_offset = +1
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.
Selected works
* Stadtpalais des Prinzen Eugen,
* Sankt Laurentius,
* Loreto Chapel,
* Palais Starhemberg-Schönburg,
* Palais Auersperg
Palais Auersperg, originally called Palais Rosenkavalier, is a Baroque palace at Auerspergstraße 1 in the Josefstadt or eighth district of Vienna, Austria.
History
Palais Auersperg was built between 1706 and 1710 on the plot of the former ''Ro ...
,
* Lower Belvedere,
* Piarist Church of Maria Treu,
* Schönborn Palace,
* Geheime Hofkanzlei (Bundeskanzleramt),
* Imperial Crypt,
* Savoy Castle,
* Palais Schwarzenberg
Palais Schwarzenberg is a Baroque palace in front of Schwarzenbergplatz, Landstraße, the 3rd district of Vienna, Austria. It is owned by the princely Schwarzenberg family.
Construction started in 1697 under the architect Johann Lucas von Hildeb ...
,
* Upper Belvedere,
* Deutschordenskirche Heilig Kreuz (Priesterseminarkirche),
* Palais Kinsky
Palais Kinsky is a Baroque palace in central Vienna, Austria. It was originally built for Count Wirich Philipp von Daun, the garrison commander whose son Leopold became a Field Marshal of Empress Maria Theresa. The palace was later bought by the ...
,
* Schloss Hof
Schloss Hof is a palace located in Marchfeld, Austria near the border of Slovakia. It once belonged to Prince Eugene of Savoy who purchased it late in his life in 1726. He had it enlarged in the Baroque style by the architect Johann Lukas von ...
,
* Hofburg Palace
The Hofburg is the former principal imperial palace of the Habsburg dynasty. Located in the centre of Vienna, it was built in the 13th century and expanded several times afterwards. It also served as the imperial winter residence, as Schönbrunn ...
, Reichskanzleitrakt,
* St. Peter's Church,
* Palais Harrach, Pavillon and Januariuskapelle,
* Parish Church,
* Würzburg Residence,
* Haus zum Goldenen Adler,
Gallery
File:Palais Schönburg-Rainergasse 11.JPG, Palais Schönburg-Rainergasse
File:Wien - Palais Auersperg (4).JPG, Palais Auersperg
File:Wien - Unteres Belvedere (2).JPG, Lower Belvedere
File:Josefstadt (Wien) - Piaristenkirche.JPG, Piarist Church
File:Wien - Bundeskanzleramt1.JPG, Bundeskanzleramt
File:Schloss Rackeve.jpg, Savoy Castle
File:Kapuzinergruft Wien 068.jpg, Imperial Crypt
File:Palais Schwarzenberg.jpg, Palais Schwarzenberg
File:AT-68612 Oberes Belvedere Außenansicht 05.JPG, Upper Belvedere façade
File:Upper Belvedere, Vienna.jpg, Upper Belvedere at night
File:Priesterseminarkirche Linz mit Priesterseminar.jpg, Priesterseminarkirch with Priesterseminar, Linz
File:Palais Kinsky Vienna June 2006 104.jpg, Palais Kinsky
File:Engelhartstetten - Schloss Hof (3).JPG, Schloss Hof
File:Reichskanzleitrakt Hofburg Vienna June 2006 415.jpg, Hofburg Palace, Reichskanzleitrakt
File:Wien - Peterskirche (3).JPG, St. Peter's Church
File:Palais Harrach Vienna Oct. 2006 002.jpg, Palais Harrach
File:Palais Bartolotti-Partenfeld Vienna June 2006 373.jpg, Palais Bartolotti-Partenfeld, Vienna
File:Alsergrund (Wien) - Lichtentaler Kirche.jpg, Pfarrkirche Lichtental
References
External links
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hildebrandt, Johann Lukas Von
1668 births
1745 deaths
Austrian Baroque architects
Austrian people of Italian descent
Italian people of German descent
Austrian untitled nobility
Architects from Genoa
Architects from Vienna