Johann Daniel Major
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Johann Daniel Major (16 August 1634, Breslau – 26 July 1693, Stockholm) was a German professor of theoretical
medicine Medicine is the science and practice of caring for a patient, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, palliation of their injury or disease, and promoting their health. Medicine encompasses a variety of health care pr ...
, naturalist, collector and the founder of museology. From 1654 to 1658 Johann Daniel Major studied at the
University of Wittenberg Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg (german: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg), also referred to as MLU, is a public, research-oriented university in the cities of Halle and Wittenberg and the largest and oldest university in ...
and in 1659 graduated as a magister medicine at the University of Wittenberg and journeyed to
Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
gaining from the
University of Padua The University of Padua ( it, Università degli Studi di Padova, UNIPD) is an Italian university located in the city of Padua, region of Veneto, northern Italy. The University of Padua was founded in 1222 by a group of students and teachers from ...
another degree for a dissertation "Description of the bird Albatros and other curious observations". From 1661 to 1663 he practiced as a
physician A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...
in Wittenberg moving in 1663 to
Hamburg (male), (female) en, Hamburger(s), Hamburgian(s) , timezone1 = Central (CET) , utc_offset1 = +1 , timezone1_DST = Central (CEST) , utc_offset1_DST = +2 , postal ...
, where he was a plague physician and wrote medical publications. In 1666 he conducted the first public dissection of a human corpse now in
Kiel Kiel () is the capital and most populous city in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein, with a population of 246,243 (2021). Kiel lies approximately north of Hamburg. Due to its geographic location in the southeast of the Jutland ...
. Four years later in 1667 he was appointed supervisor of the botanic garden of the University of Kiel. From 1673 to 1682 he devoted himself to also
antiquities Antiquities are objects from antiquity, especially the civilizations of the Mediterranean: the Classical antiquity of Greece and Rome, Ancient Egypt and the other Ancient Near Eastern cultures. Artifacts from earlier periods such as the Meso ...
and natural history making large collections and from 1685 to 1692 founded the Museum of the Cimbrici conducting archaeological excavations and studying the regions
fauna Fauna is all of the animal life present in a particular region or time. The corresponding term for plants is ''flora'', and for fungi, it is ''funga''. Flora, fauna, funga and other forms of life are collectively referred to as ''Biota (ecology ...
and
flora Flora is all the plant life present in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring (indigenous (ecology), indigenous) native plant, native plants. Sometimes bacteria and fungi are also referred to as flora, as in the terms '' ...
. Called to Sweden for the treatment of the queen he caught her infection and died. As may be seen from the list of his publications Major was a
polymath A polymath ( el, πολυμαθής, , "having learned much"; la, homo universalis, "universal human") is an individual whose knowledge spans a substantial number of subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific pro ...
.


Works

*''Übersetzung und Herausgabe René Decartes Explicatio'' (1672) *''Festrede auf Kaiser Leopold zur Befreiung Wiens'' (1684) *''Laurifolia Veneta. Epigramme aus dem Stegreif zum Lobe Venedigs''
Padua Padua ( ; it, Padova ; vec, Pàdova) is a city and ''comune'' in Veneto, northern Italy. Padua is on the river Bacchiglione, west of Venice. It is the capital of the province of Padua. It is also the economic and communications hub of the ...
(1660) *''Epistola de oraculis medicinae'' Wittenberg (1663) *''Prodromus Chirurgiae Infusoriae''
Leipzig Leipzig ( , ; Upper Saxon: ) is the most populous city in the German state of Saxony. Leipzig's population of 605,407 inhabitants (1.1 million in the larger urban zone) as of 2021 places the city as Germany's eighth most populous, as ...
(1664) *''Der ersten Kieler Anatomie vorher angekündigtes Programm über den menschlichen Körper'' Kiel (1666) *''Programm einer Vorlesung über Botanik'' Kiel (1667) *''Memoriale Anatomico-miscellanum'' Kiel (1669) (Description of his anatomy collection); *''Denkschrift über den neu errichteten Botanischen Garten an der Universität Kiel'' Kiel (1669) *''Renati Descartes Explicatio machinarum vel instrumentorum'' Kiel (1672) *''Katalog der Pflanzen'' Kiel (1673) *''Catalogus oder Index Alphabeticus von Kunst, Antiquitäten, Schatz und fürnehmlich Naturalien-Kammern, Conclavia, Musea, Repositoria, oder auch nur kleinere Serinia Rerum Naturalium Selectorum'' Kiel (1674) *''Unvorgreiffliches Bedenken von Kunst und Naturalienkammern insgemein'' Kiel (1674) *''Vorstellung etlicher Kunst und Naturalienkammern in Africa und an den Gränzen Europae'' Kiel (1674) *''Vorstellung etlicher Kunst und Naturalienkammern in America und Asia'' Kiel (1674) *''Vorstellung etlicher Kunst und Naturalienkammern in Italien, zu Neapol und Alt Rom'' Kiel (1675) *''Genius errans sive De Ingeniorum in scientiis abusu dissertatio'' Kiel (1677) *''Der irrende Genius oder über den Missbrauch des Talents in der Wissenschaft'' Kiel (1678) *''Grosser Reichtum zusammengebracht aus den meisten Schätzen der Welt, oder Poetischer Interims Diskurs von Kunst und Naturalien Kammern, einem dergleichen Dinge wohlerfahrenen guten Freude zugeeignet'' Kiel (1679) *''Vermutungen über eine Münze des sächsischen Königs Otto'' Kiel (1682) *''Über Münzen mit griechischen Inschriften'' Kiel (1685) *''Kurzer Vorbericht, betreffend D. Johann Daniel Majors Museum Cimbricum oder insgemein so-gennate Kunst Kammer mit darzugehörigen Conferenz-Saal''
Plön Plön (; Holsatian: ''Plöön'') is the district seat of the Plön district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, and has about 8,700 inhabitants. It lies right on the shores of Schleswig-Holstein's biggest lake, the Great Plön Lake, as well as o ...
(1688) *''Musei Cimbrici cum contentis in eo rebus selectioribus privatim declarandi, Kiel (1689)


References

* Cornelius Steckner: Das Museum Cimbricum von 1688 und die cartesianische "Perfection des Gemüthes". In: A. Grote (Hrsg.) Macrocosmos in Macrocosmo. Die Welt in der Stube. Zur Geschichte des Sammelns 1450 bis 1800. Opladen 1994, S. 603 - 628 * Frank, Horst Joachim: Literatur in Schleswig-Holstein. Von den Anfängen bis 1700. Band I, Neumünster 1995, S.558-563. *
Walther Killy Walther Killy (26 August 191728 December 1995) was a German literary scholar who specialised in poetry, especially that of Friedrich Hölderlin and Georg Trakl. He taught at the Free University of Berlin, the Georg-August-Universität Göttinge ...
: ''
Killy Literaturlexikon The ''Killy Literaturlexikon - Autoren und Werke des deutschsprachigen Kulturraumes'' is an author's lexicon of German language literature. The latest edition of twelve volumes was published between 2008 and September 2011 by De Gruyter. A registe ...
'': Autoren und Werke deutscher Sprache. (15 Bände) Gütersloh; München: Bertelsmann-Lexikon-Verl. 1988-1991 (CD-ROM Berlin 1998 )
De.Wikisource
{{DEFAULTSORT:Major, Johann Daniel 1634 births 1693 deaths Physicians from Wrocław German naturalists