The Jingjinji Metropolitan Region or Jing-Jin-Ji (JJJ),, sometimes rendered in historical context as King–Sin–Peh, also known as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BJ-TJ-HB), Peking–Tientsin–Hopeh and the Capital Economic Zone, is the

National Capital Region A capital region, also called a capital district or capital territory, is a region or district surrounding a capital city. It is not always the official term for the region, but may sometimes be used as an informal synonym. Capital regions can exis ...

of the

People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

. It is the biggest urbanized

megalopolis A megalopolis () or a supercity, also called a megaregion, is a group of metropolitan areas which are perceived as a continuous urban area through common systems of transport, economy, resources, ecology, and so on. They are integrated enoug ...

region in North China, including an economic region surrounding the municipalities of

Beijing } Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...

and

Tianjin Tianjin (; ; Mandarin: ), alternately romanized as Tientsin (), is a municipality and a coastal metropolis in Northern China on the shore of the Bohai Sea. It is one of the nine national central cities in Mainland China, with a total popu ...

, and along the coast of the

Bohai Sea The Bohai Sea () is a marginal sea approximately in area on the east coast of Mainland China. It is the northwestern and innermost extension of the Yellow Sea, to which it connects to the east via the Bohai Strait. It has a mean depth of ...

. This emerging region is rising as a northern metropolitan region rivaling the Pearl River Delta in the south and the

Yangtze River Delta The Yangtze Delta or Yangtze River Delta (YRD, or simply ) is a triangle-shaped megalopolis generally comprising the Wu Chinese-speaking areas of Shanghai, southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang. The area lies in the heart of the Jiangnan reg ...

in the east. In 2020, Jingjinji had a total population of 110 million people, comparable to that of the

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

Economy

In 2021, Jingjinji produced around 8% ( US$1.5 trillion) of China's GDP or equivalent to

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...

. GDP-2021 is a preliminary data It occupied an area about twice the size of the

South Korea South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea. Its western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eas ...

. Jingjinji had traditionally been involved in

heavy industries Heavy industry is an industry that involves one or more characteristics such as large and heavy products; large and heavy equipment and facilities (such as heavy equipment, large machine tools, huge buildings and large-scale infrastructure); or ...

and

manufacturing Manufacturing is the creation or production of goods with the help of equipment, labor, machines, tools, and chemical or biological processing or formulation. It is the essence of secondary sector of the economy. The term may refer to ...

's strengths have always been in

aviation Aviation includes the activities surrounding mechanical flight and the aircraft industry. ''Aircraft'' includes fixed-wing and rotary-wing types, morphable wings, wing-less lifting bodies, as well as lighter-than-air craft such as hot a ...

logistics Logistics is generally the detailed organization and implementation of a complex operation. In a general business sense, logistics manages the flow of goods between the point of origin and the point of consumption to meet the requirements of ...

, and

shipping Freight transport, also referred as ''Freight Forwarding'', is the physical process of transporting commodities and merchandise goods and cargo. The term shipping originally referred to transport by sea but in American English, it has been ...

. Beijing complements this economic activity with strong

petrochemical Petrochemicals (sometimes abbreviated as petchems) are the chemical products obtained from petroleum by refining. Some chemical compounds made from petroleum are also obtained from other fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas, or renewable so ...

education Education is a purposeful activity directed at achieving certain aims, such as transmitting knowledge or fostering skills and character traits. These aims may include the development of understanding, rationality, kindness, and honesty ...

, and R&D industries. The area is becoming a significant growth cluster for

automobile A car or automobile is a motor vehicle with wheels. Most definitions of ''cars'' say that they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport people instead of goods. The year 1886 is regarde ...

electronics The field of electronics is a branch of physics and electrical engineering that deals with the emission, behaviour and effects of electrons using electronic devices. Electronics uses active devices to control electron flow by amplification ...

sectors, automotive industry,

software Software is a set of computer programs and associated software documentation, documentation and data (computing), data. This is in contrast to Computer hardware, hardware, from which the system is built and which actually performs the work. ...

and

aircraft An aircraft is a vehicle that is able to fly by gaining support from the air. It counters the force of gravity by using either static lift or by using the dynamic lift of an airfoil, or in a few cases the downward thrust from jet engine ...

, thus attracting foreign investments in manufacturing and health services. The

Chinese central government The State Council, constitutionally synonymous with the Central People's Government since 1954 (particularly in relation to local governments), is the chief administrative authority of the People's Republic of China. It is chaired by the p ...

has made it a priority to integrate all the cities in the Bohai Bay rim and foster economic development. This includes building an advanced

communications network A telecommunications network is a group of nodes interconnected by telecommunications links that are used to exchange messages between the nodes. The links may use a variety of technologies based on the methodologies of circuit switching, messa ...

, better

highways A highway is any public or private road or other public way on land. It is used for major roads, but also includes other public roads and public tracks. In some areas of the United States, it is used as an equivalent term to controlled-access ...

, increased

, and scientific resources, as well as tapping

natural resources Natural resources are resources that are drawn from nature and used with few modifications. This includes the sources of valued characteristics such as commercial and industrial use, aesthetic value, scientific interest and cultural value. ...

off the Bohai rim. In 2016, the Central Government approved a US$36-billion plan to link the various cities making up this metropolis by rail in order to reduce commute times and to better integrate them. This plan includes the construction of nine railways that are in length, which are set to be completed by 2020. The long-term goal is to create a one-hour commuting region; an additional 24 intercity railways are planned to be built before 2050. In recent decades,

petroleum Petroleum, also known as crude oil, or simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations. The name ''petroleum'' covers both naturally occurring unprocessed crud ...

and

natural gas Natural gas (also called fossil gas or simply gas) is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes. Low levels of trace gases like carbo ...

deposits have been discovered in the Jingjinji region's coast of the Bohai sea.

Metropolitan areas

Major cities

Jingjinji includes the

, and

Hebei Hebei or , (; alternately Hopeh) is a northern province of China. Hebei is China's sixth most populous province, with over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. The province is 96% Han Chinese, 3% Manchu, 0.8% Hui, and 0 ...

provinces. Major cities in these municipalities and provinces include:

Transportation

Air

Major airports

Beijing Capital International Airport Beijing Capital International Airport is one of two international airports serving Beijing, the other one being Beijing Daxing International Airport (PKX). It is located northeast of Beijing's city center, in an exclave of Chaoyang District ...

Beijing Daxing International Airport Beijing Daxing International Airport , is one of two international airports serving Beijing, the other one being Beijing Capital International Airport (PEK). It is located on the border of Beijing and Langfang, Hebei Province. It has bee ...

Tianjin Binhai International Airport Tianjin Binhai International Airport , originally Tianjin Zhangguizhuang Airport is an airport located in Dongli District, Tianjin. It is one of the major air cargo centers in the People's Republic of China. It is the hub airport for Tianjin ...

Shijiazhuang Zhengding International Airport Shijiazhuang Zhengding International Airport is the primary airport serving Shijiazhuang, the capital of Hebei province, China. The airport is the hub for Hebei Airlines and a focus city for both China United Airlines and Spring Airlines. It is ...

Regional airports

Chengde Puning Airport Chengde Puning Airport is an airport serving the city of Chengde in Hebei Province, North China. It is located northeast of the city center in Tougou Town, Chengde County. Construction began on March 25, 2011 at an estimated cost of 1.5 bill ...

* Qinhuangdao Beidaihe Airport *

Tangshan Sannühe Airport Tangshan Sannühe Airport () , or Tangshan Air Base, is a dual-use military and civil airport serving the city of Tangshan in Hebei Province, China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is t ...

* Zhangjiakou Ningyuan Airport

Road

There are many major highways servicing the routes within Jingjinji area. This includes the following expressways: *

Jingjintang Expressway Jingjintang Expressway (), also known as the Jingtang Expressway, links Beijing via central Tianjin to the Tanggu District in eastern Tianjin. 143 kilometres in length, it crosses the jurisdictions of Beijing and Tianjin municipalities and Hebei ...

, from

, through Tianjin's urban area, to

Binhai Binhai, officially known as Binhai New Area (), is a sub-provincial district and state-level new area within the jurisdiction of Tianjin Municipality in the People's Republic of China. Binhai is intended to replicate development seen in ...

/ TEDA * Jinghu Expressway, from Jinjing Gonglu Bridge to

Shanghai Shanghai (; , , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is one of the four direct-administered municipalities of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The city is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the Huangpu River flowin ...

(together with

, this is the expressway from

) * Jingshen Expressway, through Baodi District on its way from

to Shenyang *

Jingshi Expressway "Beijing" is from pinyin ''Běijīng,'' which is romanized from , the Chinese name for this city. The pinyin system of transliteration was approved by the Chinese government in 1958, but little used until 1979. It was gradually adopted by various ...

, from

, to Shijiazhuang * Baojin Expressway, from

Beichen District Beichen District () is a district of the municipality of Tianjin, People's Republic of China. Before June 1992, the district was named ''Beijiao District'' (), reflectings its position in the northern suburbs of Tianjin. As the city expanded, it g ...

, Tianjin, to

Baoding Baoding (), formerly known as Baozhou and Qingyuan, is a prefecture-level city in central Hebei province, approximately southwest of Beijing. As of the 2010 census, Baoding City had 11,194,382 inhabitants out of which 2,176,857 lived in the b ...

''-- known in Tianjin as the Jinbao Expressway'' * Jinbin Expressway, from Zhangguizhuang Bridge to Hujiayuan Bridge, both within Tianjin * Jinji Expressway, from central Tianjin to Jixian County * G95 Capital Area Loop Expressway The following six

China National Highway The China National Highways (CNH/Guodao) () is a network of trunk roads across mainland China. Apart from the expressways of China that are planned and constructed later, most of the CNH are not controlled-access highways. History The bu ...

s pass through Tianjin: * China National Highway 102, through Ji County, Tianjin on its way from

to Harbin * China National Highway 103, from

, through Tianjin's urban area, to

China National Highway 104 China National Highway 104 (G104) runs from Beijing to Pingtan via Jinan, Xuzhou, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Taizhou and Fuzhou. It runs to approximately 2606 km, and, on a map, runs southeast towards Nanjing and Hangzhou before turning south-sout ...

, from

, through Tianjin, to Fuzhou *

China National Highway 105 China National Highway 105 (G105) runs from Beijing to Macau SAR, via Langfang, Chuangzhou, Dezhou, Donge, Jining, Shuangyou, Fuyang, Liuan, Jiujiang, Nanchang, Ji'an, Guangzhou and Zhuhai. It runs to approximately 2,717 km, and, on a map, ...

, from

, through Tianjin, to

Macau Macau or Macao (; ; ; ), officially the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (MSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China in the western Pearl River Delta by the South China Sea. With a p ...

* China National Highway 112, circular highway around Beijing, passes through Tianjin *

China National Highway 205 China National Highway 205 (G205) runs from Shanhaiguan, Hebei Province to Shenzhen, Guangdong. It is 3,160 kilometres in length and runs south from Shanhaiguan towards Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, and ends in Gua ...

, from Shanhaiguan,

, through Tianjin, to

Guangzhou Guangzhou (, ; ; or ; ), also known as Canton () and alternatively romanized as Kwongchow or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of Guangdong province in southern China. Located on the Pearl River about north-northwest of Hong Kon ...

High-speed rail

Intercity high-speed rail lines

Beijing–Tianjin intercity railway The Beijing–Tianjin intercity railway () is a Chinese high-speed railway that runs 117 km line (72.7 statute miles) between Beijing and Tianjin. Designed for passenger traffic only, the Chinese government built the line to accommodate t ...

* Tianjin–Baoding intercity railway

Other high-speed rail lines

Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway The Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway (or Jinghu high-speed railway, from its name in Mandarin) is a high-speed railway that connects two major economic zones in the People's Republic of China: the Bohai Economic Rim and the Yangtze River ...

Beijing–Shenyang high-speed railway Beijing–Shenyang high-speed railway is a -long high-speed rail in China, high-speed rail line of the China Railway High-speed between Beijing and Shenyang, the capital of Liaoning province. It is a section of the Beijing–Harbin high-speed rail ...

* Beijing–Shijiazhuang high-speed railway * Tianjin–Qinhuangdao high-speed railway

High-speed rail lines planned or under construction

Beijing–Zhangjiakou intercity railway The Beijing–Zhangjiakou intercity railway, also known as the Jingzhang intercity railway, Jingzhang high speed railway, Jingzhang section of Beijing-Baotou PDL, is a high-speed railway between Beijing and Zhangjiakou in Hebei province, China. T ...

Suburban railway

* Beijing Suburban Railway * Tianjin Suburban Railway (

Tianjin–Jizhou railway Tianjin–Jizhou railway or Jinji railway () is a 92 km long minor railway line in China connecting urban Tianjin and Jizhou. In 2015, a number of regional rail services referred as Line S9 started operating on the line. Stations for passenge ...

)

Metro systems

Beijing Subway The Beijing Subway is the rapid transit system of Beijing Municipality that consists of 25 lines including 20 rapid transit lines, two airport rail links, one maglev line and 2 light rail lines, and 463 stations. The rail network extends acro ...

* Shijiazhuang Metro *

Tianjin Metro The Tianjin Metro or Tianjin Rail Transit is the rapid transit system in the city of Tianjin, which was the second city in mainland China after Beijing to operate a subway system (the Beijing Subway opened in 1971). Opened in 1984, the syste ...

Light rail

* Tianjin Tram

Notes

References

{{Regions and cities of China Metropolitan areas of China Proposed infrastructure in China Geography of Zhangjiakou

Economy

Metropolitan areas

Major cities

Transportation

Air

Major airports

Regional airports

Road

High-speed rail

Intercity high-speed rail lines

Other high-speed rail lines

High-speed rail lines planned or under construction

Suburban railway

Metro systems

Light rail

See also

Notes

References