( my, ဇိနကာလမာလီ; th, ชินกาลมาลีปกรณ์; ; ) is a Chiang Mai chronicle that covers mostly about religious history, and contains a section on early Lan Na kings to 1516/1517. Similar period Pali chronicles include the ''Chamadevivamsa'' and the ''Mulasasana''. Originally written in Pali by a Buddhist monk, it is said to have been completed in 1527 but the oldest extant manuscript dates only to 1788. The chronicle was one of the Chiang Mai-based chronicles maintained during the Burmese rule of Lan Na (1558–1775) and it was referenced by later Burmese chronicles, most notably ''

Maha Yazawin The ''Maha Yazawin'', fully the ''Maha Yazawindawgyi'' ( my, မဟာ ရာဇဝင်တော်ကြီး, ) and formerly romanized as the ,. is the first national chronicle of Burma/Myanmar. Completed in 1724 by U Kala, a historian at ...

'', the standard chronicle of

Toungoo Dynasty , conventional_long_name = Toungoo dynasty , common_name = Taungoo dynasty , era = , status = Empire , event_start = Independence from Ava , year_start ...

.Aung-Thwin 2005: 124–126 The oldest extant manuscript of 1788 is written in a late

Khmer script Khmer script ( km, អក្សរខ្មែរ, )Huffman, Franklin. 1970. ''Cambodian System of Writing and Beginning Reader''. Yale University Press. . is an abugida (alphasyllabary) script used to write the Khmer language, the official la ...

, and has gone through at least a dozen revisions. It was translated to Khmer and translated "from Khmer to Thai to Pali to French and back again to Pali." The chronicle was revised at least four times during the Chakri Dynasty. The Thai-language version by King

Mongkut Mongkut ( th, มงกุฏ; 18 October 18041 October 1868) was the fourth monarch of Siam (Thailand) under the House of Chakri, titled Rama IV. He ruled from 1851 to 1868. His full title in Thai was ''Phra Bat Somdet Phra Menthora Ramathibo ...

's reign was no longer a verbatim copy of the 1788 copy, having incorporated early

Thai nationalist Thai nationalism is a political ideology involving the application of nationalism to the political discourse of Thailand. It was first popularized by King Vajiravudh (Rama VI, reigned 1910–1925), and was subsequently adopted and adapted by various ...

narratives. It was finally translated into English in 1968 by N.A. Jayawickrama. Thus, the English version today is a "compendium of knowledge of several different ages and places, rather than of a singular time and place." The chronicle continues to be of interest to Burma scholars. In its "secular section" about early kings, the chronicle extols most about the conquests of King

Anawrahta Anawrahta Minsaw ( my, အနော်ရထာ မင်းစော, ; 11 May 1014 – 11 April 1077) was the founder of the Pagan Empire. Considered the father of the Burmese nation, Anawrahta turned a small principality in the dry zone ...

Pagan Dynasty The Kingdom of Pagan ( my, ပုဂံခေတ်, , ; also known as the Pagan Dynasty and the Pagan Empire; also the Bagan Dynasty or Bagan Empire) was the first Burmese kingdom to unify the regions that would later constitute modern-da ...

. The author credits Anawrahta's role as a great Buddhist king into bringing Theravada Buddhism to present-day northern Thailand. It is the first historical text of Southeast Asia to mention Anawrahta's conquest of a kingdom held by one Manohara, which British colonial period historians translated to King Manuha of

Thaton Kingdom The Thaton Kingdom, Suwarnabhumi, or Thuwunnabumi ( my, သထုံခေတ် or ) was a Mon kingdom, believed to have existed in Lower Burma from at least the 4th century BC to the middle of the 11th century AD. One of many Mon kingdom ...

. However,

Michael Aung-Thwin Michael Aung-Thwin (1946 – August 14, 2021) was a Burmese American historian and emeritus professor at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, specializing in early Southeast Asian and Burmese history. Early life and education Aung-Thwin wa ...

points out the author merely mentions "here itself in the Rammanna Country", which was more likely Haripunjaya, the Mon kingdom that existed before Lan Na.Aung-Thwin 2005: 127–128

References

Bibliography

* {{Burmese chronicles Buddhist literature Buddhism in Thailand Lan Na chronicles Burmese chronicles 16th century in Thailand History of Buddhism in Myanmar