Jiangxi (; ; formerly romanized as Kiangsi or Chianghsi) is a landlocked province in the east of the People's Republic of China. Its major cities include Nanchang and

Jiujiang Jiujiang (), formerly transliterated Kiukiang or Kew Keang, is a prefecture-level city located on the southern shores of the Yangtze River in northwest Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China. It is the second-largest prefecture-level cit ...

. Spanning from the banks of the

Yangtze The Yangtze or Yangzi ( or ; ) is the longest river in Asia, the third-longest in the world, and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country. It rises at Jari Hill in the Tanggula Mountains (Tibetan Plateau) and flows ...

river in the north into hillier areas in the south and east, it shares a border with

Anhui Anhui , (; formerly romanized as Anhwei) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the East China region. Its provincial capital and largest city is Hefei. The province is located across the basins of the Yangtze River ...

to the north, Zhejiang to the northeast, Fujian to the east, Guangdong to the south, Hunan to the west, and

Hubei Hubei (; ; alternately Hupeh) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, and is part of the Central China region. The name of the province means "north of the lake", referring to its position north of Dongting Lake. The prov ...

to the northwest. The name "Jiangxi" is derived from the circuit administrated under the Tang dynasty in 733,

Jiangnanxidao Jiangnanxidao (Chinese: 江南西道, ''Circuit of Western Jiangnan''; Gan: Kongnomsitau) was a southern circuit of Tang Empire. It corresponds to part of present-day Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Anhui. Jiangnanxidao is the origin where the name "Jiang ...

(; Gan: Kongnomsitau). The abbreviation for Jiangxi is "" (; Gan: Gōm), for the

Gan River The Gan River (, Gan: Kōm-kong) runs north through the western part of Jiangxi before flowing into Lake Poyang and thus the Yangtze River. The Xiang-Gan uplands separate it from the Xiang River of neighboring eastern Hunan. Two similarly sized ...

which runs across from the south to the north and flows into the Yangtze River. Jiangxi is also alternately called ''Ganpo Dadi'' () which literally means the "Great Land of Gan and Po". After the fall of the Qing dynasty, Jiangxi became one of the earliest bases for the

Communists Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a so ...

and many peasants were recruited to join the growing people's revolution. The

Nanchang Uprising The Nanchang Uprising () was the first major Nationalist Party of China–Chinese Communist Party engagement of the Chinese Civil War, begun by the Chinese Communists to counter the Shanghai massacre of 1927 by the Kuomintang. The Kuomin ...

took place in Jiangxi on August 1, 1927, during the Chinese Civil War. Later the Communist leadership hid in the mountains of southern and western Jiangxi, hiding from the Kuomintang's attempts to eradicate them. In 1931, the

Chinese Soviet Republic The Chinese Soviet Republic (CSR) was an East Asian proto-state in China, proclaimed on 7 November 1931 by Chinese communist leaders Mao Zedong and Zhu De in the early stages of the Chinese Civil War. The discontiguous territories of t ...

's government was established in

Ruijin Ruijin () is a county-level city of Ganzhou in the mountains bordering Fujian Province in the south-eastern part of Jiangxi Province. Formerly a county, Ruijin became a county-level city on May 18, 1994. It was an early center of Chinese commun ...

, which is sometimes called the "Former Red Capital" (, Gan: Fūng-set Kū-tu), or just the "Red Capital". In 1935, after complete encirclement by the Nationalist forces, the Communists broke through and began the

Long March The Long March (, lit. ''Long Expedition'') was a military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army, to evade the pursuit of the National Army of the Chinese Nat ...

to Yan'an. The southern half of Jiangxi is hilly and mountainous, with ranges and valleys interspersed; notable mountains and mountain ranges include

Mount Lu Mountain Lu or Lushan (, Gan: Lu-san), officially named Mountain Lu National Park, is a mountain in China. It was also known as Kuanglu () in ancient times. It is situated in Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, and is one of the most renowned mountai ...

, the

Jinggang Mountains The Jinggang Mountains (), historically rendered as Chingkang Mountains are a mountain range of the Luoxiao Mountains System (罗霄山), in the border region of Jiangxi and Hunan Provinces. The range lies at the junction of four counties - Ni ...

and Mount Sanqing. The northern half is comparatively lower in altitude. The

flows through the province. Although the majority of Jiangxi's population is Han Chinese, Jiangxi is linguistically diverse. It is considered the center of Gan Chinese;

Hakka Chinese Hakka (, , ) forms a language group of varieties of Chinese, spoken natively by the Hakka people throughout Southern China and Taiwan and throughout the diaspora areas of East Asia, Southeast Asia and in overseas Chinese communities around th ...

, is also spoken to some degree. Jiangxi is rich in mineral resources, leading the provinces of China in deposits of copper, tungsten, gold, silver, uranium, thorium, tantalum, and

niobium Niobium is a chemical element with chemical symbol Nb (formerly columbium, Cb) and atomic number 41. It is a light grey, crystalline, and ductile transition metal. Pure niobium has a Mohs hardness rating similar to pure titanium, and it has si ...

History

Jiangxi is centered on the

valley, which historically provided the main north–south transport route of south China. The corridor along the Gan River is one of the few easily traveled routes through the otherwise mountainous and rugged terrain of the south-eastern mountains. This open corridor was the primary route for trade and communication between the

North China Plain The North China Plain or Huang-Huai-Hai Plain () is a large-scale downfaulted rift basin formed in the late Paleogene and Neogene and then modified by the deposits of the Yellow River. It is the largest alluvial plain of China. The plain is border ...

and the Yangtze River valley in the north and the territory of modern Guangdong province in the south. As a result, Jiangxi has been strategically important throughout much of China's history. Jiangxi was outside the sphere of influence of early Chinese civilization during the Shang dynasty (16th to 11th centuries BC). It is likely that peoples collectively known as the

Baiyue The Baiyue (, ), Hundred Yue, or simply Yue (; ), were various ethnic groups who inhabited the regions of East China, South China and Northern Vietnam during the 1st millennium BC and 1st millennium AD. They were known for their short hair, ...

inhabited the region. During the Spring and Autumn period, the northern part of modern Jiangxi formed the western frontier of the state of Wu. After Wu was conquered by the state of Yue (a power based in modern northern Zhejiang) in 473 BC, the state of Chu (based in modern

) took over northern Jiangxi and there may have been some Yue influence in the south. Chu subjugated Yue in 333 BC. In 223 BC, when Qin conquered Chu, a majority of the Jiangxi area was recorded to be put under Jiujiang Commandary situated in Shouchun (). However the commandary was ineffective and ended shortly when Qin falls. Yuzhang Commandery (, Gan: Ì-zong) was established in Jiangxi at the beginning of the Han dynasty, possibly before the death of

Xiang Yu Xiang Yu (, –202 BC), born Xiang Ji (), was the Hegemon-King (Chinese: 霸王, ''Bà Wáng'') of Western Chu during the Chu–Han Contention period (206–202 BC) of China. A noble of the Chu state, Xiang Yu rebelled against the Qin dynas ...

in 202 BC, and it's also the very first commandery set up by Chinese dynasty in Jiangxi. It was named after the Yuzhang River (, Gan: Ì-zong Kong), the original name of Gan River. "Gan" has become the abbreviation of the province. In 201, eight counties were added to the original seven of Qin, and three more were established in later years. Throughout most of the Han dynasty the commandery's eighteen counties covered most of the modern province of Jiangxi. The county seats of Nanchang, Gan, Yudu, Luling among others were located at the sites of modern major cities. Other counties, however, have been moved or abolished in later centuries. Under the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty, Yuzhang Commandery was assigned to Yangzhou Province, as part of a trend to establish provinces ('' zhou'') all across China. In 291 AD, during the

Western Jin dynasty Western may refer to: Places *Western, Nebraska, a village in the US * Western, New York, a town in the US * Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia * Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western world, countries that ...

, Jiangxi became its own ''Zhou'' called Jiangzhou (, Gan: Kong-chiu). During the

Southern and Northern Dynasties The Northern and Southern dynasties () was a period of political division in the history of China that lasted from 420 to 589, following the tumultuous era of the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Eastern Jin dynasty. It is sometimes considered as ...

, Jiangxi was under the control of the southern dynasties, and the number of ''zhou'' slowly grew. During the Sui dynasty, there were seven

commanderies In the Middle Ages, a commandery (rarely commandry) was the smallest administrative division of the European landed properties of a military order. It was also the name of the house where the knights of the commandery lived.Anthony Luttrell and G ...

and twenty-four counties in Jiangxi. During the Tang dynasty, another commandery and fourteen counties were added. Commanderies were then abolished, becoming ''zhou'' (henceforth translated as "prefectures" rather than "provinces"). Circuits were established during the Tang dynasty as a new top-level administrative division. At first Jiangxi was part of the Jiangnan Circuit (lit. "Circuit south of the Yangtze"). In 733, this circuit was divided into western and eastern halves. Jiangxi was found in the western half, which was called

Jiangnanxi Circuit Jiangnanxidao (Chinese: 江南西道, ''Circuit of Western Jiangnan''; Gan: Kongnomsitau) was a southern circuit of Tang Empire. It corresponds to part of present-day Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Anhui. Jiangnanxidao is the origin where the name "Jian ...

(lit. "Western circuits south of the Yangtze"). This is the source of the modern name "Jiangxi". The Tang dynasty collapsed in 907, heralding the division of the

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (), from 907 to 979, was an era of political upheaval and division in 10th-century Imperial China. Five dynastic states quickly succeeded one another in the Central Plain, and more than a dozen concu ...

period. Jiangxi first belonged to Wu (, Gan: Ng), then to

Southern Tang Southern Tang () was a state in Southern China that existed during Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, which proclaimed itself to be the successor of the former Tang dynasty. The capital was located at Nanjing in present-day Jiangsu Province. ...

(, Gan: Nām-thóng). Both states were based in modern-day Nanjing, further down the Yangtze River. During the Song dynasty, Jiangnanxi Circuit was reestablished with nine prefectures and four army districts (with sixty-eight districts). During the Yuan dynasty, the circuit was divided into thirteen different circuits, and Jiangxi Province was established for the first time. This province also included the majority of modern Guangdong. Jiangxi acquired (more or less) its modern borders during the Ming dynasty after Guangdong was separated out. There has been little change to the borders of Jiangxi since. After the fall of the Qing dynasty, Jiangxi became one of the earliest bases for the

and many peasants were recruited to join the growing people's revolution. The

's government was established in

to Yan'an. From 1930 to 1934, the National Government carried out five military campaigns against the Jiangxi Soviet area. Its brutal two-party battles and cleansing (including the internal cleansing of the Red Army and the cleaning of the post-war government) caused a large number of deaths or escapes, causing the population of Jiangxi to drop by 40%, until only 13.8 million people were left in 1936. In 1936, after the opening of the Yuehan Railway in Hunan, Jiangxi lost its important position regarding north–south traffic. In 1937, the east-west Zhegan Railway was opened to traffic, which changed the original traffic patterns in Jiangxi to a large extent. The Jiujiang Port () began to decline in importance. Following the Doolittle Raid during World War II, most of the B-25 American crews that came down in China eventually made it to safety with the help of Chinese civilians and soldiers. The Chinese people who helped them, however, paid dearly for sheltering the Americans. The Imperial Japanese Army began the Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign to intimidate the Chinese from helping downed American airmen. The Japanese killed an estimated 250,000 civilians of China while searching for Doolittle's men.

Geography

Mountains surround Jiangxi on three sides, with the

Mufu Mountains The Mufu Mountains () are a range of mountains located on the border of Jiangxi and Hubei provinces in China. Some maps label the range as 幕埠山, which would be transliterated as Mùbù Shān (Mubu Mountains), but this apparently is a typo. ...

Jiuling Mountains The Jiuling Mountains () are a range of mountains located in Jiujiang Jiujiang (), formerly transliterated Kiukiang or Kew Keang, is a prefecture-level city located on the southern shores of the Yangtze River in northwest Jiangxi Province, Peopl ...

, and Luoxiao Mountains on the west; Huaiyu Mountains and

Wuyi Mountains The Wuyi Mountains or Wuyishan (; formerly known as Bohea Hills in early Western documents) are a mountain range located in the prefecture of Nanping, in northern Fujian province near the border with Jiangxi province, China. The highest peak in ...

on the east; and the Jiulian Mountains () and Dayu Mountains in the south. The southern half of the province is hilly with ranges and valleys interspersed; while the northern half is flatter and lower in altitude. The highest point in Jiangxi is Mount Huanggang () in the Wuyi Mountains, on the border with Fujian. It has an altitude of . The

dominates the province, flowing through the entire length of the province from south to north. It enters

Lake Poyang Poyang Lake (, Gan: Po-yong U), located in Jiujiang, is the largest freshwater lake in China. The lake is fed by the Gan, Xin, and Xiu rivers, which connect to the Yangtze through a channel. The area of Poyang Lake fluctuates dramatical ...

in the north, the largest freshwater lake of China; that lake in turn empties into the Yangtze River, which forms part of the northern border of Jiangxi. Important reservoirs include the

Xiushui Tuolin Reservoir Xiushui may refer to several places: China * Xiushui County (修水县), of Jiujiang, Jiangxi * Xiushui River, in Jiangxi * Xiushui Street (秀水街), in Beijing ;Towns (秀水镇) * Xiushui, Lechang, Guangdong * Xiushui, Yushu, Jilin * Xius ...

in the northwest of the province on the Xiushui River, and the Wan'an Reservoir(zh) in the upper section of the Gan. Jiangxi has a humid subtropical climate (''Cfa'' under the Köppen climate classification), with short, cool, damp winters, and very hot, humid summers. Average temperatures are about in January and in July. Annual precipitation is , much of it falling in the heavy rains occurring in late spring and summer. Nanchang, the provincial capital and the most densely populated city, is one of the largest Chinese metropolises. Nanchang is the hub of Jiangxi civilization throughout its history, which plays a leading role in the commercial, intellectual and industrial and political fields.

Ganzhou Ganzhou (), alternately romanized as Kanchow, is a prefecture-level city in the south of Jiangxi province, China, bordering Fujian to the east, Guangdong to the south, and Hunan to the west. Its administrative seat is at Zhanggong District. Hist ...

is the largest subdivision of Jiangxi. Major cities in Jiangxi include: * Nanchang *

Administrative divisions

Jiangxi is divided into eleven prefecture-level divisions: all

prefecture-level cities A prefecture-level city () or prefectural city is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure. During the Republican era, many of Chin ...

: These prefecture-level cities are in turn subdivided into 100

county-level division The administrative divisions of China have consisted of several levels since ancient times, due to China's large population and geographical area. The constitution of China provides for three levels of government. However in practice, there a ...

s (23

district A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...

s, 11

county-level cities A county-level municipality (), county-level city or county city, formerly known as prefecture-controlled city (1949–1970: ; 1970–1983: ), is a county-level administrative division of the People's Republic of China. County-level ...

, and 66 counties). Those in turn are divided into 1548

township-level divisions The administrative divisions of China have consisted of several levels since ancient times, due to China's large population and geographical area. The constitution of China provides for three levels of government. However in practice, there a ...

(770 towns, 651

township A township is a kind of human settlement or administrative subdivision, with its meaning varying in different countries. Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, that tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, C ...

s, seven ethnic townships, and 120

subdistrict A subdistrict or sub-district is an administrative division that is generally smaller than a district. Equivalents * Administrative posts of East Timor, formerly Portuguese-language * Kelurahan, in Indonesia * Mukim, a township in Brunei, Ind ...

s). See

List of administrative divisions of Jiangxi Jiangxi, a province of the People's Republic of China, is made up of the following three levels of administrative division. Administrative divisions All of these administrative divisions are explained in greater detail at Administrative divisio ...

for a complete list of

Urban areas

Politics

The Politics of Jiangxi is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China. The

Governor of Jiangxi The politics of Jiangxi Province in the People's Republic of China is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China. The Governor of Jiangxi is the highest-ranking official in the People's Gove ...

is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Jiangxi. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Jiangxi Chinese Communist Party Provincial Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "Jiangxi

CPC Party Chief A Party Committee Secretary () is the leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) organization in a province, city, village, or other administrative unit. In most cases, it is the ''de facto'' highest political office of its area of jurisdictio ...

Economy

Rice is the dominant crop in Jiangxi. Cash crops commonly grown include cotton and

rapeseed Rapeseed (''Brassica napus ''subsp.'' napus''), also known as rape, or oilseed rape, is a bright-yellow flowering member of the family Brassicaceae (mustard or cabbage family), cultivated mainly for its oil-rich seed, which naturally contains ...

. Jiangxi is the leading producer of kumquats in China, particularly

Suichuan County Suichuan County () is a county in the southwest of Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China, bordering Hunan province to the southwest. It is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Ji'an, and is its southernmost county-level di ...

. Jiangxi is rich in mineral resources, leading the provinces of China in deposits of copper, tungsten, gold, silver, uranium, thorium, tantalum,

, among others. Noted centers of mining include Dexing (copper) and

Dayu County Dayu () is a county in the west of the prefecture-level city of Ganzhou, in the southwest of Jiangxi Province, bordering Guangdong Province to the south. It is known for The Capital of Tungsten. Statistics Dayu has an area of . Total population i ...

(tungsten). It is located in extreme proximity to some of the richest provinces of China ( Guangdong, Zhejiang, Fujian), which are sometimes blamed for taking away talent and capital from Jiangxi. Jiangxi has the lowest wages and third lowest property prices in all of China., As of 2016 Jiangxi's nominal GDP was CNY 1.84 trillion or USD 276.48 billion, and a per capita of CNY 40,400 or USD 6,082.

Economic and technological development zones

*Nanchang Export Processing Zone Nanchang National Export Expressing Zone is located in NanChang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone, it was approved by the State Council on May 8, 2006, and passed the national acceptance inspection on Sep 7th, 2007. It has a planning area of and now has built . It enjoys simple and convenient customs clearances, and special preferential policies both for Nanchang National Export Expressing Zone and NCHDZ. *Nanchang National High-tech Industrial Development Zone Nanchang National High-tech Industrial Development Zone (NCHDZ for short hereafter) is the only national grade high-tech zoned in Jiangxi, it was established in Mar. 1991. The zone covers an area of , in which have been completed. NCHDZ possesses unique nature condition and sound industry foundation of accepting electronics industry. NCHDZ has brought 25% industrial added value and 50% industrial benefit and tax to Nanchang city by using only 0.4% land area. *Nanchang Economic and Technological Development Zone *

Free Trade(Tariff-free) Zone *

National Economical and Technological Development Zone * Jiujiang

Gongqingcheng Gongqingcheng () is a sub-prefecture-level city in northern Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China, established on 10 September 2010. It was formerly under the administration of Jiujiang City, the downtown to the northeast, and is located ...

National High-tech Industrial Development Zone

Demographics

The population of Jiangxi is approximately 39.66 million. 99.73% of that is Han Chinese, predominantly Gan and

Hakka The Hakka (), sometimes also referred to as Hakka Han, or Hakka Chinese, or Hakkas are a Han Chinese subgroup whose ancestral homes are chiefly in the Hakka-speaking provincial areas of Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Sichuan, Hunan, Zhej ...

, Jiangxi's largest city, has an especially large number of Hakka. Ethnic minorities include

She She most commonly refers to: *She (pronoun), the third person singular, feminine, nominative case pronoun in modern English. She or S.H.E. may also refer to: Literature and films *'' She: A History of Adventure'', an 1887 novel by H. Rider Hagga ...

. Jiangxi and Henan both have the most unbalanced gender ratios of all Chinese provinces. Based on a 2009 ''

British Medical Journal ''The BMJ'' is a weekly peer-reviewed medical trade journal, published by the trade union the British Medical Association (BMA). ''The BMJ'' has editorial freedom from the BMA. It is one of the world's oldest general medical journals. Origina ...

'' study, the ratio is over 140 boys for every 100 girls in the 1-4 age group. In 2019 the most-common surname in Jiangxi was Liú (刘), the only province where this was the case. Overall Liu is the fourth-most common surname in the country.

Religion

The predominant religions in Jiangxi are

Chinese folk religion Chinese folk religion, also known as Chinese popular religion comprehends a range of traditional religious practices of Han Chinese, including the Chinese diaspora. Vivienne Wee described it as "an empty bowl, which can variously be filled ...

s, Taoist traditions and Chinese Buddhism. According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, 24.05% of the population believes and is involved in

ancestor veneration The veneration of the dead, including one's ancestors, is based on love and respect for the deceased. In some cultures, it is related to beliefs that the dead have a continued existence, and may possess the ability to influence the fortune of t ...

, while 2.31% of the population identifies as Christian. The reports didn't give figures for other types of religion; 73.64% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in worship of nature deities, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, folk religious sects.

Culture

Jiangxi is the main area of concentration of the Gan varieties of

Chinese Chinese can refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of v ...

, spoken over most of the northern two-thirds of the province. Examples include the Nanchang dialect,

Yichun dialect Yi-Liu, sometimes called Yichun () after its principal dialect, is one of the Gan Chinese languages. It is spoken in Yichun in Jiangxi province and in Liuyang in Hunan, after which it is named, as well as in Shanggao, Qingjiang, Xingan, Xinyu C ...

and Ji'an dialect. The southern one-third of the province speaks

. There are also Mandarin, Huizhou, and Wu dialects spoken along the northern border. Ganju (Jiangxi opera) is the type of Chinese opera performed in Jiangxi. Although little known outside of the province, Jiangxi cuisine is rich and distinctive. Flavors are some of the strongest in China, with heavy use of

chili pepper Chili peppers (also chile, chile pepper, chilli pepper, or chilli), from Nahuatl '' chīlli'' (), are varieties of the berry-fruit of plants from the genus ''Capsicum'', which are members of the nightshade family Solanaceae, cultivated for t ...

s and especially

pickled Pickling is the process of preserving or extending the shelf life of food by either anaerobic fermentation in brine or immersion in vinegar. The pickling procedure typically affects the food's texture and flavor. The resulting food is called a ...

and

fermented Fermentation is a metabolic process that produces chemical changes in organic substrates through the action of enzymes. In biochemistry, it is narrowly defined as the extraction of energy from carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen. In food p ...

products.

Jingdezhen Jingdezhen is a prefecture-level city, in northeastern Jiangxi province, with a total population of 1,669,057 (2018), bordering Anhui to the north. It is known as the "Porcelain Capital" because it has been producing Chinese ceramics for at leas ...

is widely regarded as the producer of the best porcelain in China. Jiangxi also was a historical center of

Chan Buddhism Chan (; of ), from Sanskrit '' dhyāna'' (meaning "meditation" or "meditative state"), is a Chinese school of Mahāyāna Buddhism. It developed in China from the 6th century CE onwards, becoming especially popular during the Tang and S ...

. Prominent examples of

Hakka architecture A Hakka walled village ( zh, 围龙屋) is a large multi-family communal living structure that is designed to be easily defensible. This building style is unique to the Hakka people found in southern China. Walled villages are typically designed ...

can be found in Jiangxi.

Transportation

As of January 2015, Jiangxi had two Yangtze River crossings, both in Jiujiang.

Rail

The

Beijing–Kowloon Railway The Beijing–Kowloon railway, also known as the Jingjiu railway () is a railway connecting Beijing West railway station in Beijing to Shenzhen railway station in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province. It is connected with Hong Kong's East Rail across t ...

and

Shanghai–Kunming Railway The Shanghai–Kunming Railway or Hukun Railway (), also known as the Hukun Line, is a major arterial railroad across eastern, south central and southwest China. It connects Shanghai, whose shorthand name is ''Hu'', and Kunming. The line has ...

crisscross the province and intersect at Nanchang, which also has a high-speed rail link to Jiujiang. In addition, Jiangxi is connected by rail to Anhui Province via the Anhui–Jiangxi and Tongling–Jiujiang Railways; to Hubei via the

Wuhan–Jiujiang Railway The Wuhan–Jiujiang railway or Wujiu railway (), is a double-track, electrified railroad in central China between Wuhan in Hubei Province and Jiujiang in Jiangxi Province. The line is long and follows the south bank of the Yangtze River from W ...

; and to Fujian via the Yingtan–Xiamen, Hengfeng–Nanping, Ganzhou–Longyan and Xiangtang–Putian Railways.

Tourism

There are several famous mountains in Jiangxi Province, including Mountain Lu in

, Mount jinggang at the border of jiangxi province and Hunan province, Mount Sanqing in Yushan county. Near the northern port city of

lies the well-known resort area of Mountain Lu. Also near the city is the Donglin (East Wood) Temple , one important

Buddhist Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and gra ...

temple in china. Near the small city of

Yingtan Yingtan () is a prefecture-level city in the east of Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China, bordering Fujian to the southeast. Its location near the trisection of Jiangxi, Fujian, and Zhejiang has made it a strategically important city for ...

is the resort area of

Longhushan Mount Longhu (, Gan: Lung-fu San) is located in Yingtan, Jiangxi, China. It is famous for being one of the birthplaces of Taoism, with many Taoist temples built upon the mountainside. It is particularly important to the Zhengyi Dao as the Shang ...

, which purports to be the birthplace of Taoism and hence has great symbolic value to Taoists. The region has many temples, cave complexes, mountains and villages. The Mountain Lu National Park has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1996. Kuling town located on the top of Mountain Lu,

is a summer resort developed by European in the 19th century. There were 3000 European living in Kuling town, Mountain Lu,

in summer time in 1920 s. In 2007, Jiangxi (specifically the Mountain Lu West Sea, located in

) was the filming location for the fifteenth series of the American TV show '' Survivor''.

Flora and fauna

The mountainous terrain and large forest coverage of Jiangxi has made it historically one of the more wild places of central China.

South China tiger The South China tiger is a population of the '' Panthera tigris tigris'' subspecies that is native to southern China. The population mainly inhabited the Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. It has been listed as Critically Enda ...

s have been seen as recently as fifteen or twenty years ago and projects are underway to document evidence of existing tigers, if there are any. Several mountain areas along the northern border with Hunan and Hubei are potential sites for "wilderness" preserves specifically for protecting or even reintroducing tigers. Other wildlife, though not plentiful, are more numerous in Jiangxi than in many other developed areas of China. Numerous species of birds are common, especially around the marshes of Lake Poyang in the north. Though protected, mammals such as

muntjac Muntjacs ( ), also known as the barking deer or rib-faced deer, (URL is Google Books) are small deer of the genus ''Muntiacus'' native to South Asia and Southeast Asia. Muntjacs are thought to have begun appearing 15–35 million years a ...

, wild boar, civet cats, and

pangolin Pangolins, sometimes known as scaly anteaters, are mammals of the order Pholidota (, from Ancient Greek ϕολιδωτός – "clad in scales"). The one extant family, the Manidae, has three genera: ''Manis'', ''Phataginus'', and ''Smutsia' ...

s, are still common enough that they'll even occasionally be seen in markets for sale as game meat, or possibly even in a forest. The late Paleocene mesonychid, ''

Jiangxia chaotoensis ''Jiangxia chaotoensis'' is a Chinese mesonychid from the Nongshanian division of the Upper Paleocene. It may be related to the genera ''Dissacus'' and '' Hukoutherium''.Zhang, Yuping, et al. "Several species of Condylarthra from the Paleocene ...

'' was found in the province, and named after it.

Education

Colleges and universities

List of colleges and universities in Jiangxi: * Jiangxi College of Foreign Studies (江西外语外贸职业学院) * East China University of Technology * East China Jiaotong University * Jiangxi Agricultural University * Jiangxi Institute of Education *

Jiangxi Normal University Jiangxi Normal University (JXNU; ), situated in Nanchang, capital city of Jiangxi Province China, is co-sponsored by the Ministry of Education and the Jiangxi Provincial Government. It is listed in the Midwest University Fundamental Capacity Buil ...

* Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University * Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics *

Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute The Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute (景德镇陶瓷大学), in Jingdezhen city in the Jiangxi province of the People's Republic of China, is China's only institute of higher learning dedicated to the ceramic arts. The Jingdezhen area is historically ...

* Jinggangshan University * Jiujiang Financial and Economic College * Jiujiang Medical College * Jiujiang Teachers College * Nanchang Institute of Technology * Nanchang Hangkong University *

Nanchang University Nanchang University (NCU; ) is a public research university located in Nanchang, Jiangxi, China. NCU has also been recognized as a National Key University in the nation. Based on the new plan initiated by Chinese Ministry of Education in 2017, ...

* Xinyu University * Yichun University

Sister provinces

Bay of Plenty Region The Bay of Plenty ( mi, Te Moana-a-Toi) is a region of New Zealand, situated around a bight of the same name in the northern coast of the North Island. The bight stretches 260 km from the Coromandel Peninsula in the west to Cape Runa ...

, New Zealand * Okayama Prefecture, Japan *

Bohol Bohol (), officially the Province of Bohol ( ceb, Lalawigan sa Bohol; tl, Lalawigan ng Bohol), is an island province of the Philippines located in the Central Visayas region, consisting of the island itself and 75 minor surrounding islands. It ...

, Philippines * Hesse, Germany * Kentucky, United States *

Mato Grosso do Sul Mato Grosso do Sul () is one of the Midwestern states of Brazil. Neighboring Brazilian states are (from north clockwise) Mato Grosso, Goiás, Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Paraná. It also borders the countries of Paraguay, to the southwest, and ...

, Brazil * Sabah, Malaysia

Notes

References

External links

* *
Jiangxi Government website

"Map of Jiangxi Province with Explanations"
from 1573 CE - 1620 CE

at

HKTDC The Hong Kong Trade Development Council (HKTDC) is a statutory body established in 1966 as the international marketing dedicated to creating opportunities for Hong Kong's businesses. The organisation has 50 offices around the world, includi ...

{{Authority control Provinces of the People's Republic of China East China