Jacob Golius born Jacob van Gool (1596 – September 28, 1667) was an Orientalist and mathematician based at the

University of Leiden Leiden University (abbreviated as ''LEI''; nl, Universiteit Leiden) is a public research university in Leiden, Netherlands. The university was founded as a Protestant university in 1575 by William, Prince of Orange, as a reward to the city of L ...

in Netherlands. He is primarily remembered as an Orientalist. He published Arabic texts in Arabic at Leiden, and did Arabic-to-Latin translations. His best-known work is an Arabic-to-Latin dictionary, ''Lexicon Arabico-Latinum'' (1653), which he sourced for the most part from the ''Sihah'' dictionary of Al-Jauhari and the ''Qamous'' dictionary of Fairuzabadi.

Life

Golius was born in The Hague. He went to the

in 1612 to study mathematics. In 1618 he registered again to study

Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walte ...

and other Eastern languages at Leiden, where he was the most distinguished pupil of

Erpenius Thomas van Erpe, also known as Thomas Erpenius (September 11, 1584November 13, 1624), Dutch Orientalist, was born at Gorinchem, in Holland. He was the first European to publish an accurate book of Arabic grammar. After completing his early educa ...

. In 1622 he accompanied the Dutch embassy to Morocco, and on his return he was chosen to succeed Erpenius as professor of Arabic at Leiden (1625). In the following year he set out on a tour of the Eastern Mediterranean lands, from which he did not return until 1629. A key purpose of the tour was to collect Arabic texts and bring them back to the Leiden University library. The remainder of his life was spent at Leiden where he held the chair of mathematics as well as that of Arabic. Golius taught mathematics to the French philosopher René Descartes, and later corresponded with him. It is therefore highly probable that he was able to read to him parts of the mathematical Arabic texts he had started to collect, among others on the Conics.

Publications

Among his earlier publications may be mentioned editions of various Arabic texts (''Proverbia quaedam Alis, imperatoris Muslemici, et Carmen Tograipoetae doctissimi, necnon dissertatio quaedam Aben Synae'', 1629; and ''Ahmedis Arabsiadae vitae et rerum gestarum Timuri, gui vulgo Tamer, lanes dicitur, historia'', 1636). In 1656 he published a new edition, with considerable additions, of the ''Grammatica Arabica'' of Erpenius. After his death, there was found among his papers a ''Dictionarium Persico-Latinum'' which was published, with additions, by

Edmund Castell Edmund Castell (1606–1686) was an English orientalist. He was born at Tadlow, in Cambridgeshire. At the age of fifteen he entered Emmanuel College, Cambridge, gaining his BA in 1624-5 and his MA in 1628. Appointed Professor of Arabic in 1666 ...

in his ''Lexicon heptaglotton'' (1669). Golius also edited, translated and annotated the

astronomical Astronomy () is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena. It uses mathematics, physics, and chemistry in order to explain their origin and evolution. Objects of interest include planets, moons, stars, nebulae, galax ...

treatise of the 9th century Arabic astronomer Al-Farghani.Alfraganus: ''Elementa astronomica''
in Arabic and Latin, year 1669, translation by Golius. Alfraganus is a medieval Latin spelling of Al-Farghani. Golius's ''Lexicon Arabico-Latinum'', about 1500 pages, published at Leiden in 1653, was a big improvement on the Arabic-to-Latin dictionary of Franciscus Raphelengius, which was published at Leiden in 1613. Golius possessed mainstream medieval Arabic dictionaries written solely in Arabic, and was able to translate their contents into Latin. Raphelengius did not have the benefit of seeing these Arabic dictionaries. Golius's dictionary was later improved and expanded by Georg Freytag's Arabic-to-Latin dictionary in 1837.

References

Biography of Jacobus Golius at the Baheyeldin Dynasty site''Lexicon Arabico-Latinum'', by Jacobus Golius
year 1653, about 1500 pages * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Golius, Jacobus 1596 births 1667 deaths 17th-century Dutch mathematicians Dutch orientalists Dutch Arabists Scientists from The Hague Leiden University faculty