Jabriyah was an early Islamic philosophical school based on the belief that humans are controlled by

predestination Predestination, in theology, is the doctrine that all events have been willed by God, usually with reference to the eventual fate of the individual soul. Explanations of predestination often seek to address the paradox of free will, whereby G ...

, without having choice or

free will Free will is the capacity of agents to choose between different possible courses of action unimpeded. Free will is closely linked to the concepts of moral responsibility, praise, culpability, sin, and other judgements which apply only to actio ...

. The Jabriyah school originated during the Umayyad dynasty in Basra. The first representative of this school was Al-Ja'd ibn Dirham (executed in 724). The term is derived from the Arabic root j-b-r, in the sense which gives the meaning of someone who is forced or coerced by destin

''Jabriyah'' is a derogatory term used by different Islamic groups that they consider wrong, so it is not a specific theological school. The Ashʿari, Ash'ariyah used the term Jabriyah in the first place to describe the followers of

Jahm ibn Safwan Jahm bin Safwan () was an Islamic theologian who attached himself to Al-Harith ibn Surayj, a dissident in Khurasan towards the end of the Umayyad period, and who was put to death in 745 by Salm ibn Ahwaz. Biography Jahm was a client of the B ...

(died 746) in that they regarded their faith as a middle position between

Qadariyah Qadariyyah ( ar, قدرية, Qadariyya), also Qadarites or Kadarites, from (), meaning "power"); was originally a derogatory term designating early Islamic theologians who rejected the concept of predestination in Islam, ''qadr'', and asserted t ...

and Jabriya. On the other hand, the

Mu'tazilah Muʿtazila ( ar, المعتزلة ', English: "Those Who Withdraw, or Stand Apart", and who called themselves ''Ahl al-ʿAdl wa al-Tawḥīd'', English: "Party of ivineJustice and Oneness f God); was an Islamic group that appeared in early Islamic ...

considered Ash'ariyah as Jabriyah because, in their opinion, they rejected the orthodox doctrine of free will, despite the Asharis rejecting this claim. The Shiites used the term Jabriyah to describe Ash'ariyah and

Hanbalis The Hanbali school ( ar, ٱلْمَذْهَب ٱلْحَنۢبَلِي, al-maḏhab al-ḥanbalī) is one of the four major traditional Sunni schools (''madhahib'') of Islamic jurisprudence. It is named after the Arab scholar Ahmad ibn Hanbal ( ...

.M. Heidari-Abkenar: ''Die ideologische und politische Konfrontation Schia-Sunna am Beispiel der Stadt Rey des 10.-12. Jh. n. Chr.'' Inaugural-Dissertation, Universität Köln, 1992

References

category:Islamic philosophical schools {{islam-stub

See also

References