, alternatively romanized as Jō-ō or Shōō, was a after ''
Keian : ''For the Zen Buddhist monk, see Keian Genju (1427–1508).''
was a after '' Shōhō'' and before '' Jōō.'' This period spanned the years from February 1648 through September 1652. The reigning emperor was .Titsingh, Isaac. (1834) ''Annales d ...
'' and before ''
Meireki
was a of the Edo period, after the '' Jōō'' era and before '' Manji'' era. This era's period spanned the years from April 1655 to July 1658.
The reigning emperor was .Titsingh,
Change of era
* 1655 : The era name was changed to mark the ...
''. This period spanned the years from September 1652 through April 1655. The reigning emperors were and .
Change of era
* 1652 : The era name was changed to ''Jōō'' (meaning "receiving answers"), which was to mark the death of the third ''
shōgun
, officially , was the title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, though during part of the Kamak ...
'',
Tokugawa Iemitsu
Tokugawa Iemitsu (徳川 家光, August 12, 1604 – June 8, 1651) was the third ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa dynasty. He was the eldest son of Tokugawa Hidetada with Oeyo, and the grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Lady Kasuga was his wet nurse, who a ...
. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Keian'' 5, on the 18th day of the 9th month.
The name of this new era came from the Book of the
Jin: "The
Xia
Xia (Hsia in Wade–Giles) may refer to:
Chinese history
* Xia dynasty (c. 2070 – c. 1600 BC), the first orthodox dynasty in Chinese history
* Xia (Sixteen Kingdoms) (407–431), a Xiongnu-led dynasty
* Xia (617–621), a state founded by Dou Ji ...
and the
Shang dynasties follow their destinies, so the House of
Zhou came when it was time." (夏商承運、周氏応期)
Events of the ''Jōō'' era
* October 3, 1653 (''Jōō 2, 12th day of the 8th month''): A violent fire destroyed a large part of the Imperial palace and many temples which were nearby. Shortly thereafter, several girls, aged 12–14 years, were imprisoned for having started this fire and others in
Heian-kyō.
[Titsingh]
p. 412.
/ref>
* August 18, 1654 (''Jōō 3, 6th day of the 7th month''): A famous priest, Ingen, arrived at Nagasaki from China. His intention was to reform the practice of Buddhism in Japan.Emperor Go-Kōmyō
was the 110th emperor of Japan,Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō'') 後光明天皇 (110)/ref> according to the traditional order of succession.
Go-Kōmyō's reign spanned the years from 1643 through 1654.
This 17th-century sovereign was n ...
died of smallpox; and his funeral ceremonies were at on the 15th day of the 10th month.
Sakoku: Before and after 1653
Within the Jōō period, Japan was implementing the Sakoku policy which adopted by Tokugawa Bakumatsu. ''Sakoku'' (鎖国) means closed country in Japanese. Japan was adopting this policy from 1639 to 1868. There was barely any foreign trade from other countries, with exception to Chinese and Dutch merchant. Japanese residences were strictly monitored by the Government. People were not allowed to leave the country, with consequence of death penalty. Foreigners were in the same situation, anyone who attempted to enter Japan's territory would be killed by the soldiers right away. The entire country was dictated by Tokugawa government. The Sakoku policy was adopted by the ruler for preventing invaders, and keeping their national characteristics and national religion. This policy was banned after the Edo Period (1603–1868). The country was re-opened to the world in 1868.
Notes
References
* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia''. Cambridge: Harvard University Press
Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing. It is a member of the Association of American University Presses. After the retir ...
.
OCLC 48943301
* Porter, Robert P. (1918). ''Japan: The Rise of a Modern Power''. Oxford: Clarendon Press
OCLC 3881028
* Screech, Timon. (2006)
''Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822''.
London: RoutledgeCurzon.
OCLC 65177072
* Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). '' Nihon Ōdai Ichiran''; ou
''Annales des empereurs du Japon''.
Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland
OCLC 5850691
External links
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar
-- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
* Sennyuji Temple Museu
* Imperial Household web sit
{{DEFAULTSORT:Joo (Edo period)
Japanese eras
1650s in Japan