Józef Konrad Paczoski (1864-1942) was an eminent Polish

botanist Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek wo ...

, who coined the term " Phytosociology"Rabotnov TA. 1970-1979
Phytocoenology. In: The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd ed.
/ref> and was one of the founders of this branch of botany.Maycock PF. 196
''Ecology'' 48:1031-1034 "Jozef Paczoski: founder of the science of phytosociology".
/ref>

Early life and education

Paczoski was born on 8 December 1864 in Byalohorodka near Iziaslav, Ukraine in

Volhynia Volhynia (also spelled Volynia) ( ; uk, Воли́нь, Volyn' pl, Wołyń, russian: Волы́нь, Volýnʹ, ), is a historic region in Central and Eastern Europe, between south-eastern Poland, south-western Belarus, and western Ukraine. Th ...

. From 1877 he studied

botany Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek w ...

at faculty of Biological Science at

Jagiellonian University The Jagiellonian University (Polish: ''Uniwersytet Jagielloński'', UJ) is a public research university in Kraków, Poland. Founded in 1364 by King Casimir III the Great, it is the oldest university in Poland and the 13th oldest university in ...

and Kiev University under the guidance of

Ivan Ivanovich Schmalhausen Ivan Ivanovich Schmalhausen (russian: Ива́н Ива́нович Шмальга́узен; April 23, 1884 – October 7, 1963) was a Ukrainian, Russian and later Soviet zoologist and evolutionary biologist of German descent. He developed the th ...

Career

He was an early pioneer of the science of phytosociology, the study of natural plant communities. In 1896 he coined the term "phytosociology". In 1923 he became a scientific manager of the forest reserves in the

Białowieża Forest Białowieża Forest; lt, Baltvyžių giria; pl, Puszcza Białowieska ; russian: Беловежская пуща, Belovezhskaya Pushcha is a forest on the border between Belarus and Poland. It is one of the last and largest remaining pa ...

. He did much of his research on the vegetation of the

Białowieża National Park '' , iucn_category = II , photo = Bialowieza National Park in Poland0029.JPG , photo_caption = Fallen tree in the Białowieża Forest Park logo with European bison , map = Poland , relief = 1 , map_caption = Location in Poland , location = ...

. From 1925 to 1931 he was Professor of Plant Systematics and Sociology at

Poznań University Poznań () is a city on the River Warta in west-central Poland, within the Greater Poland region. The city is an important cultural and business centre, and one of Poland's most populous regions with many regional customs such as Saint John ...

, where he established the first Institute of Plant Sociology in the world. He was a member of the Polish Academy of Learning (''Polska Akademia Umiejętności''), the predecessor of the

Polish Academy of Sciences The Polish Academy of Sciences ( pl, Polska Akademia Nauk, PAN) is a Polish state-sponsored institution of higher learning. Headquartered in Warsaw, it is responsible for spearheading the development of science across the country by a society of ...

Death

He died on 14 February 1942 in Sierosław near

Poznań Poznań () is a city on the River Warta in west-central Poland, within the Greater Poland region. The city is an important cultural and business centre, and one of Poland's most populous regions with many regional customs such as Saint John ...

, Poland of a heart attack, when he heard that his grandson had been injured by the

Gestapo The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe. The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one organi ...

as Poland was occupied at that time by

Nazi Germany Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...

Plant species named after Jozef Paczoski

* '' Allium paczoskianum'' * ''

Centaurea paczoskyi ''Centaurea'' () is a genus of over 700 species of herbaceous thistle-like flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Members of the genus are found only north of the equator, mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere; the Middle East and surrounding re ...

'' * ''

Hieracium paczoskianum ''Hieracium'' (), known by the common name hawkweed and classically as (from ancient Greek ιεράξ, ' hawk'), is a genus of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, and closely related to dandelion (''Taraxacum''), chicory ('' Cichorium'' ...

'' * ''

Jurinea paczoskiana ''Jurinea'' is a genus of plants in the family Asteraceae. The species are native to Europe, Asia, and northwestern Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 ...

'' * ''

Pyrethrum paczoskii ''Pyrethrum'' was a genus of several Old World plants now classified as '' Chrysanthemum'' or ''Tanacetum'' which are cultivated as ornamentals for their showy flower heads. Pyrethrum continues to be used as a common name for plants formerly incl ...

'' * ''

Tanacetum paczoskii ''Tanacetum'' is a genus of about 160 species of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae, native to many regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

'' * ''

Carex paczoskii ''Carex'' is a vast genus of more than 2,000 species of grass-like plants in the family Cyperaceae, commonly known as sedges (or seg, in older books). Other members of the family Cyperaceae are also called sedges, however those of genus ''Carex' ...

'' * ''

Lamium paczoskianum ''Lamium'' (dead-nettles) is a genus of about 30 species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, of which it is the type genus. They are all herbaceous plants native to Europe, Asia, and northern Africa, but several have become very success ...

'' * ''

Chamaecytisus paczoskii ''Chamaecytisus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. It may be a synonym of ''Cytisus''. '' C. palmensis'' is a tree from the Canary Islands used as a fodder crop around the ...

'' (Krecz.) * ''

Cytisus paczoskii ''Cytisus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, native to open sites (typically scrub and heathland) in Europe, western Asia and North Africa. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and is one of several genera in the tribe G ...

'' * ''

Onobrychis paczoskiana __NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family ( Fabaceae). Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known. The Flor ...

'' * '' Gagea paczoskii'' (Zapal.) * '' Corydalis paczoskii'' * '' Papaver paczoskii'' * '' Pistolochia paczoskii'' * '' Veronica paczoskiana''

Publications

* Paczoski J. 1927. Ranunculaceae. In: Szafer W (ed.) ''Flora polska : Rośliny naczyniowe Polski i ziem ościennych'' (Polish: Flora of Poland: Vascular plants of Poland and adjacent territories). Vol. III. Kraków: Polska Akademja Umiejętności * Paczoski J. 1928. ''La végétation de la Foret de Białowieża'' (French: The Vegetation of Białowieża Forest). Varsovie. * Paczoski J. 1928. ''Biologiczna struktura lasu'' (Polish : The Biological Structure of Forest). ''Sylwan'' 3: 193 - 221. * Paczoski J. 1929. ''Die Wälder Bosniens'' (German: The Forests of Bosnia). Lwów: Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne. * Paczoski J. 1930. ''Lasy Białowieży'' (Polish: The Forests of Białowieża). Monografje Naukowe 1. Warszawa: Państwowa Rada Ochrony Przyrody. * Paczoski J. 1933. ''Podstawowe zagadnienia geografji roślin'' (Polish: Basic concepts in plant geography). Biblioteka Botaniczna. Vol. III. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Polskiego Towarzystwa Botanicznego. * Paczoski J. 1935. ''Piętrowość lasu'' (Polish: Layers of forest vegetation). Biblioteka Botaniczna. Vol. IV. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Polskiego Towarzystwa Botanicznego.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Paczoski, Jozef 20th-century Polish botanists 1864 births 1942 deaths 19th-century Polish botanists Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań faculty Jagiellonian University alumni Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv alumni