Jászság ("Jaszygia", la, Jazigia) is a historical, ethnographical and geographical region in

Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...

. Its territory is situated in the north-western part of the Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county. The main town in the region is

Jászberény Jászberény is a city and market centre in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county in Hungary. Location Jászberény is located in central Hungary, on the Zagyva River, a tributary of the Tisza River. It is about from Budapest. History The oldest ...

. Jászság is inhabited by the

Jassic people The Jász (''Latin'': Jazones) are an Eastern Iranic ethnic group who have lived in Hungary since the 13th century. They live mostly in a region known as ''Jászság'', which comprises the north-western part of Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county. ...

, an Iranian ethnic group whose linguistic base is preserved by the

Ossetians The Ossetians or Ossetes (, ; os, ир, ирæттæ / дигорӕ, дигорӕнттӕ, translit= ir, irættæ / digoræ, digorænttæ, label=Ossetic) are an Iranian ethnic group who are indigenous to Ossetia, a region situated across the no ...

. The population of the region is around 85,000.

Name

Jászság means "Province of the Jász" (i.e. Province of the

History

In ancient times, this area was settled by

Celts The Celts (, see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples () are. "CELTS location: Greater Europe time period: Second millennium B.C.E. to present ancestry: Celtic a collection of Indo-European peoples. "The Celts, an ancien ...

Dacians The Dacians (; la, Daci ; grc-gre, Δάκοι, Δάοι, Δάκαι) were the ancient Indo-European inhabitants of the cultural region of Dacia, located in the area near the Carpathian Mountains and west of the Black Sea. They are often consid ...

Sarmatians The Sarmatians (; grc, Σαρμαται, Sarmatai; Latin: ) were a large confederation of Ancient Iranian peoples, ancient Eastern Iranian languages, Eastern Iranian peoples, Iranian Eurasian nomads, equestrian nomadic peoples of classical ant ...

, and

Germanic peoples The Germanic peoples were historical groups of people that once occupied Central Europe and Scandinavia during antiquity and into the early Middle Ages. Since the 19th century, they have traditionally been defined by the use of ancient and ear ...

. It was part of the

Dacian Kingdom Dacia (, ; ) was the land inhabited by the Dacians, its core in Transylvania, stretching to the Danube in the south, the Black Sea in the east, and the Tisza in the west. The Carpathian Mountains were located in the middle of Dacia. It t ...

Burebista Burebista ( grc, Βυρεβίστας, Βοιρεβίστας) was the king of the Getae and Dacian tribes from 82/61BC to 45/44BC. He was the first king who successfully unified the tribes of the Dacian kingdom, which comprised the area locat ...

in the first century BC. In the 1st century AD, a Sarmatian tribe known as the

Iazyges The Iazyges (), singular Ἰάζυξ. were an ancient Sarmatian tribe that traveled westward in BC from Central Asia to the steppes of modern Ukraine. In BC, they moved into modern-day Hungary and Serbia near the Dacian steppe between th ...

settled in this region. In the early Middle Ages, the territory of present-day Jászság was mainly populated by Slavic people and was part of the

Hun Empire The Huns were a nomadic people who lived in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Eastern Europe between the 4th and 6th century AD. According to European tradition, they were first reported living east of the Volga River, in an area that was part ...

, the

Kingdom of the Gepids Kingdom commonly refers to: * A monarchy ruled by a king or queen * Kingdom (biology), a category in biological taxonomy Kingdom may also refer to: Arts and media Television * ''Kingdom'' (British TV series), a 2007 British television drama s ...

and the Kingdom of the Avars. At the end of the 9th century, the area was settled by the

Hungarians Hungarians, also known as Magyars ( ; hu, magyarok ), are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary () and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language. The Hungarian language belongs to the Urali ...

and was subsequently included into the medieval

Kingdom of Hungary The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from the Middle Ages into the 20th century. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen ...

. In the 11th century, the territory of present-day Jászság was part of the Újvár County, while in the 12th century, it was divided between Hevesújvár and Pest counties. Jászkunság ca

The

Mongol The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal member of ...

invasions of the 13th century and

Tamerlane Timur ; chg, ''Aqsaq Temür'', 'Timur the Lame') or as ''Sahib-i-Qiran'' ( 'Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction'), his epithet. ( chg, ''Temür'', 'Iron'; 9 April 133617–19 February 1405), later Timūr Gurkānī ( chg, ''Temür Kür ...

's wars in the 14th century proved fatal to the Alan state and a group of

Alans The Alans (Latin: ''Alani'') were an ancient and medieval Iranian nomadic pastoral people of the North Caucasus – generally regarded as part of the Sarmatians, and possibly related to the Massagetae. Modern historians have connected the Al ...

migrated with the

Qipchaqs The Kipchaks or Qipchaks, also known as Kipchak Turks or Polovtsians, were a Turkic nomadic people and confederation that existed in the Middle Ages, inhabiting parts of the Eurasian Steppe. First mentioned in the 8th century as part of the Sec ...

(Comani,

Cumans The Cumans (or Kumans), also known as Polovtsians or Polovtsy (plural only, from the Russian language, Russian Exonym and endonym, exonym ), were a Turkic people, Turkic nomadic people comprising the western branch of the Cuman–Kipchak confede ...

) into

Central Europe Central Europe is an area of Europe between Western Europe and Eastern Europe, based on a common historical, social and cultural identity. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) between Catholicism and Protestantism significantly shaped the area' ...

, settling in the medieval Kingdom of Hungary in the 13th century. The territory where they settled is to this day called Jászság - "the province of the Ossetians".Encyclopedia Iranica, "Alans" V. I. Abaev
/ref> They preserved their Iranian language and ethnic identity until the 15th century, but gradually adopted the

Hungarian language Hungarian () is an Uralic language spoken in Hungary and parts of several neighbouring countries. It is the official language of Hungary and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union. Outside Hungary, it is also spoken by Hungarian ...

and became assimilated into

. However, they preserved their Jassic identity and their regional autonomy. Until the Ottoman conquest in the 16th century, Jászság was an autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Hungary. Following the

Battle of Mohács The Battle of Mohács (; hu, mohácsi csata, tr, Mohaç Muharebesi or Mohaç Savaşı) was fought on 29 August 1526 near Mohács, Kingdom of Hungary, between the forces of the Kingdom of Hungary and its allies, led by Louis II, and thos ...

(1526) the region was included in the

Eastern Hungarian Kingdom The Eastern Hungarian Kingdom ( hu, keleti Magyar Királyság) is a modern term coined by some historians to designate the realm of John Zápolya and his son John Sigismund Zápolya, who contested the claims of the House of Habsburg to rule the ...

and later was annexed by the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

. During Ottoman administration in the 16th-17th centuries, the territory of present-day Jászság was initially part of the

Budin Eyalet Budin Eyalet (also known as Province of Budin/Buda or Pashalik of Budin/Buda, ota, ایالت بودین, Eyālet-i Budin) was an administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire in Central Europe and the Balkans. It was formed on the te ...

and later part of the

Eğri Eyalet Eğri Eyalet ( ota, ایالت اگیر; Eyālet-i Egīr, hu, Egri vilajet, sr, Jegarski ejalet or Јегарски ејалет) or Pashaluk of Eğri was an administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire formed in 1596 with its capita ...

. At the end of the 17th century, the Ottoman Empire ceded the area to the

Habsburg monarchy The Habsburg monarchy (german: Habsburgermonarchie, ), also known as the Danubian monarchy (german: Donaumonarchie, ), or Habsburg Empire (german: Habsburgerreich, ), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities ...

and an autonomous region of Jászság was restored within the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary. The region preserved its regional autonomy until 1876, when it was included into

Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok ( hu, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok megye, ) is the name of an administrative county (Comitatus (Kingdom of Hungary), comitatus or ''megye'') in Hungary. It lies in central Hungary and shares borders with the Hungarian counties Pest ...

. After the dissolution of the Habsburg monarchy in 1918, the region of Jászság became part of an independent

Settlements

There are 18 settlements in Jászság: *

(cultural and economic center) * Jászapáti *

Jászárokszállás Jászárokszállás is a town in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, in the Northern Great Plain region of central Hungary. Geography It covers an area of and has a population of 7914 people (2014). History First mention of Jászárokszállás was ...

Jászfényszaru Jászfényszaru is a town in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, in the Northern Great Plain region of central Hungary. Geography It covers an area of and has a population of 5567 people (2015). It is the meeting of three regions: the North-Hungary ...

Jászladány Jászladány is a large village in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, in the Northern Great Plain region of central Hungary. Geography It covers an area of and has a population Population typically refers to the number of people in a single ...

Jászkisér Jászkisér is a town in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, in the Northern Great Plain region of central Hungary. Geography It covers an area of and has a population of 5,546 people (2013 estimate). Population International relations Jászkisé ...

* Jászalsószentgyörgy *

Jászfelsőszentgyörgy Jászfelsőszentgyörgy is a village in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, in the Northern Great Plain region of central Hungary. Geography It covers an area of and has a population Population typically refers to the number of people in a si ...

Jászboldogháza Jászboldogháza is a village in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, in the Northern Great Plain region of central Hungary. Geography The village is around 70 km east of Budapest. It covers an area of and has a population Population typi ...

* Jászdózsa * Jászjákóhalma *

Jásztelek Jásztelek is a village in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, in the Northern Great Plain region of central Hungary. Geography It covers an area of and has a population Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whe ...

Jászszentandrás Jászszentandrás is a village in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, in the Northern Great Plain region of central Hungary. Geography It covers an area of . Population It has a population Population typically refers to the number of people ...

Jászágó Jászágó is a village in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, in the Northern Great Plain region of central Hungary. The town is twinned with Heitenried. Geography It covers an area of and has a population Population typically refers to the ...

* Jászivány *

Alattyán Alattyán is a village in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, in the Northern Great Plain region of central Hungary. Etymology The name likely comes from Oghur Turkic Alıp-tığan, which means "heroic falcon". History An Avar-era cemetery was exc ...

Jánoshida Jánoshida is a village in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, in the Northern Great Plain region of central Hungary. It covers an area of and has a population of 2,394 people (2015). History The earliest signs are from archaeologic finds of Bronze ...

* Pusztamonostor

Name

History

Settlements

Sources

External links