Teuku Jusuf Muda Dalam (10 December 1914 – 26 August 1976) was an Indonesian journalist and politician who served as the Governor of Bank Indonesia, Indonesia's central bank, from 1963 to 1966. Originating from

Aceh Aceh ( ), officially the Aceh Province ( ace, Nanggroë Acèh; id, Provinsi Aceh) is the westernmost province of Indonesia. It is located on the northernmost of Sumatra island, with Banda Aceh being its capital and largest city. Granted a s ...

, he studied in the Netherlands where he developed communist ties, became active in journalism, and took part in the Dutch resistance. After returning to Indonesia, he for a time was a member of the

Indonesian Communist Party The Communist Party of Indonesia (Indonesian: ''Partai Komunis Indonesia'', PKI) was a communist party in Indonesia during the mid-20th century. It was the largest non-ruling communist party in the world before its violent disbandment in 1965. ...

, until he moved to the Indonesian National Party in 1954. He led the party newspaper ''

Suluh Indonesia ''Suluh Indonesia'' was a daily Indonesian language newspaper based in Jakarta which was published between 1953 and 1965. It was strongly affiliated with the Indonesian National Party. The newspaper was one of the largest in the country during th ...

'' and became leader of

Bank Negara Indonesia Bank Negara Indonesia ( 'State Bank of Indonesia'), is an Indonesian state-owned bank. It has branches primarily in Indonesia, but it can also found in Seoul, Singapore, Hong Kong, Tokyo, London and New York. It had 1000 branches and over 9 milli ...

, before being appointed BI governor in 1963. After Sukarno's fall, he was removed from power in 1966, sentenced to death on corruption charges, and died as a prisoner.

Early life and education

Dalam was born in Sigli,

on 10 December 1914. He moved to the Netherlands for studies in 1929, went to the

Netherlands School of Economics Erasmus University Rotterdam (abbreviated as ''EUR'', nl, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam ) is a public research university located in Rotterdam, Netherlands. The university is named after Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus, a 15th-century humanist ...

and became active in the ''Roepi'' Indonesian student organization where he served as its vice-chairman and managed the organization's magazine. During the German occupation of the Netherlands, Dalam took part in the Dutch resistance, managing the underground newspaper ''De Bevrijding'' ("Liberation") in Rotterdam. He developed relations with the Communist Party of the Netherlands, and became a journalist for the party's newspaper ''

De Waarheid ''De Waarheid'' (literally 'The Truth') was the newspaper of the Communist Party of the Netherlands. It originated in 1940 under the German occupation German-occupied Europe refers to the sovereign countries of Europe which were wholly or part ...

''. He returned to Indonesia in March 1947.

Career

After his return to Indonesia, he joined the

(PKI), and worked in the propaganda department of the Indonesian Ministry of Defense. In the aftermath of the

Madiun Affair The Madiun Affair ( id, Peristiwa Madiun), known locally as the Communist Party of Indonesia rebellion of 1948 ( id, Pemberontakan Partai Komunis Indonesia 1948), was an armed conflict between the government of the self-proclaimed Republic of ...

in 1948, he was incarcerated for several months in Yogyakarta. In 1950, he had been released, and along with I. J. Kasimo was tasked with an investigation of land use in East Sumatra. He later left PKI, and joined the Indonesian National Party (PNI) in 1954. At that time, he was already a member of the

Provisional People's Representative Council The Provisional People's Representative Council ( id, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Sementara) was the first Indonesian legislature under the Provisional Constitution of 1950. The council was formed after the transition of Indonesia to a unitary state ...

. He was then appointed as first a staffer in the state-owned

in 1956, then as a director in 1957 and president director by 1959. Around the same time, he was also editor-in-chief of the PNI's party newspaper, ''

'', until his replacement by

Mohammad Isnaeni Mohammad Isnaeni ( – ) was an Indonesian politician, who served as one of the longest deputy speakers of the People's Representative Council for four consecutive terms, from 1966 until 1982. He was a member and ''de facto'' chairman of the Indo ...

in 1957. In the midst of the

Western New Guinea dispute The West New Guinea dispute (1950–1962), also known as the West Irian dispute, was a diplomatic and political conflict between the Netherlands and Indonesia over the territory of Dutch New Guinea. While the Netherlands had ceded sovereignty ov ...

, president

Sukarno Sukarno). (; born Koesno Sosrodihardjo, ; 6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967. Sukarno was the leader of ...

appointed Dalam into the National Economic Command in April 1962, before he was appointed as State Minister for Central Bank Affairs (i.e. Central Bank Governor) in the

Third Working Cabinet The Third Working Cabinet, ( id, Kabinet Kerja III), was an Indonesian cabinet that resulted from a 6 March 1962 reshuffle of the previous cabinet by President Sukarno. It consisted of a prime minister, two first deputy ministers, eight deputy pr ...

on 13 November 1963. He would maintain this position until his replacement on 27 March 1966 by

Radius Prawiro Dr. Radius Prawiro, Drs.ec., AK (29 June 1928 in Yogyakarta – 26 May 2005 in Munich) was an Indonesian economist and politician. Education The son of Suradi Prawiro, a teacher, Radius attended school in Yogyakarta. In 1942, while still at Mi ...

in the

Second Revised Dwikora Cabinet The second revised Dwikora Cabinet ( id, Kabinet Dwikora Yang Disempurnakan Lagi) was the Indonesian cabinet which served under President Sukarno from March 1966 until July 1966. The Cabinet was formed after Lieutenant General Suharto, using the ...

. During this three-year tenure, he consolidated all state-owned banks, including Bank Indonesia and

, into a single institution, ostensibly to make it easier to manage.

Trial and death

After the

30 September movement The Thirtieth of September Movement ( id, Gerakan 30 September, abbreviated as G30S, also known by the acronym Gestapu for ''Gerakan September Tiga Puluh'', Thirtieth of September Movement) was a self-proclaimed organization of Indonesian Na ...

and Sukarno's fall from power, Dalam was arrested and accused of corruption amounting to Rp 97.3 billion through irregularities in duties paid by importers to obtain foreign currency. Newspapers at that time reported that Dalam had multiple mistresses who enjoyed luxurious lifestyles. On top of his corruption charge, he was also accused of illegal firearms possession,

subversion Subversion () refers to a process by which the values and principles of a system in place are contradicted or reversed in an attempt to transform the established social order and its structures of power, authority, hierarchy, and social norms. Sub ...

, and extralegal marriage. Dalam was sentenced to death on 8 April 1967, making him the first, and as of 2022 the only, Indonesian politician to be sentenced to death on corruption charges. His appeals were rejected. Jusuf was held in a home instead of a regular prison, with all his wives and mistresses except his first wife Sutiasmi divorcing him. Before his sentence could be carried out, he died from

tetanus Tetanus, also known as lockjaw, is a bacterial infection caused by ''Clostridium tetani'', and is characterized by muscle spasms. In the most common type, the spasms begin in the jaw and then progress to the rest of the body. Each spasm usually ...

in Cimahi on 26 August 1976, still as a death row prisoner.

Notes

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dalam, Teuku Jusuf Muda People from Sigli 1914 births 1976 deaths Erasmus University Rotterdam alumni Indonesian politicians convicted of corruption Indonesian journalists Resistance members from Rotterdam Governors of Bank Indonesia Communist Party of Indonesia politicians Indonesian National Party politicians Prisoners sentenced to death by Indonesia Deaths from tetanus Suluh Indonesia people Indonesian prisoners sentenced to death Indonesian people who died in prison custody Prisoners who died in Indonesian detention