July 23

Events

Pre-1600

* 811 – Byzantine emperor Nikephoros I plunders the Bulgarian capital of Pliska and captures Khan Krum's treasury.
* 1319 – A Knights Hospitaller fleet scores a crushing victory over an Aydinid fleet off Chios.

1601–1900

* 1632 – Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe, France.
* 1677 – Scanian War: Denmark–Norway captures the harbor town of Marstrand from Sweden.
* 1793 – Kingdom of Prussia re-conquers Mainz from France.
* 1813 – Sir Thomas Maitland is appointed as the first Governor of Malta, transforming the island from a British protectorate to a ''de facto'' colony.
* 1821 – While the Mora Rebellion continues, Greeks capture Monemvasia Castle. Turkish troops and citizens are transferred to Asia Minor's coasts.
* 1829 – In the United States, William Austin Burt patents the typographer, a precursor to the typewriter.
* 1840 – The Province of Canada is created by the Act of Union.
*1862 – American Civil War: Henry Halleck becomes general-in-chief of the Union Army.
* 1874 – Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos is appointed the Archbishop of the Portuguese colonial enclave of Goa, India.
* 1881 – The Boundary Treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina is signed in Buenos Aires.
*1900 – Pressed by expanding immigration, Canada closes its doors to paupers and criminals.

1901–present

* 1903 – The Ford Motor Company sells its first car.
* 1908 – The Second Constitution accepted by the Ottomans.
*1914 – Austria-Hungary issues a series of demands in an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia demanding Serbia to allow the Austrians to determine who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Serbia accepts all but one of those demands and Austria declares war on July 28.
*1919 – Prince Regent Aleksander Karađorđević signs the decree establishing the University of Ljubljana
* 1921 – The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is established at the founding National Congress.
* 1926 – Fox Film buys the patents of the Movietone sound system for recording sound onto film.
* 1927 – The first station of the Indian Broadcasting Company goes on the air in Bombay.
*1936 – In Catalonia, Spain, the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia is founded through the merger of Socialist and Communist parties.
* 1940 – The United States' Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles issues a declaration on the U.S. non-recognition policy of the Soviet annexation and incorporation of three Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
*1942 – World War II: The German offensives Operation Edelweiss and Operation Braunschweig begin.
* 1942 – Bulgarian poet and Communist leader Nikola Vaptsarov is executed by firing squad.
*1943 – The Rayleigh bath chair murder occurred in Rayleigh, Essex, England.
* 1943 – World War II: The British destroyers and sink the in the Mediterranean after she torpedoes the cruiser .
*1945 – The post-war legal processes against Philippe Pétain begin.
* 1952 – General Muhammad Naguib leads the Free Officers Movement (formed by Gamal Abdel Nasser, the real power behind the coup) in overthrowing King Farouk of Egypt.
*1961 – The Sandinista National Liberation Front is founded in Nicaragua.
* 1962 – Telstar relays the first publicly transmitted, live trans-Atlantic television program, featuring Walter Cronkite.
* 1962 – The International Agreement on the Neutrality of Laos is signed.
* 1962 – Jackie Robinson becomes the first African American to be inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.
* 1967 – Detroit Riots: In Detroit, one of the worst riots in United States history begins on 12th Street in the predominantly African American inner city. It ultimately kills 43 people, injures 342 and burns about 1,400 buildings.
* 1968 – Glenville shootout: In Cleveland, Ohio, a violent shootout between a Black Militant organization and the Cleveland Police Department occurs. During the shootout, a riot begins and lasts for five days.
* 1968 – The only successful hijacking of an El Al aircraft takes place when a Boeing 707 carrying ten crew and 38 passengers is taken over by three members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. The aircraft was en route from Rome, to Lod, Israel.
*1970 – Qaboos bin Said al Said becomes Sultan of Oman after overthrowing his father, Said bin Taimur initiating massive reforms, modernization programs and end to a decade long civil war.
*1972 – The United States launches ''Landsat 1'', the first Earth-resources satellite.
* 1974 – The Greek military junta collapses, and former Prime Minister Konstantinos Karamanlis is invited to lead the new government, beginning Greece's metapolitefsi era.
* 1980 – Phạm Tuân becomes the first Vietnamese citizen and the first Asian in space when he flies aboard the Soyuz 37 mission as an Intercosmos Research Cosmonaut.
*1982 – Outside Santa Clarita, California, actor Vic Morrow and two children are killed when a helicopter crashes onto them while shooting a scene from '' Twilight Zone: The Movie''.
* 1983 – Thirteen Sri Lanka Army soldiers are killed after a deadly ambush by the militant Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.
* 1983 – Gimli Glider: Air Canada Flight 143 runs out of fuel and makes a deadstick landing at Gimli, Manitoba.
*1988 – General Ne Win, effective ruler of Burma since 1962, resigns after pro-democracy protests.
*1992 – A Vatican commission, led by Joseph Ratzinger, establishes that limiting certain rights of homosexual people and non-married couples is not equivalent to discrimination on grounds of race or gender.
* 1992 – Abkhazia declares independence from Georgia.
* 1993 – China Northwest Airlines Flight 2119 crashes during takeoff from Yinchuan Xihuayuan Airport in Yinchuan, Ningxia, China, killing 55 people.
*1995 – Comet Hale–Bopp is discovered; it becomes visible to the naked eye on Earth nearly a year later.
*1997 – Digital Equipment Corporation files antitrust charges against chipmaker Intel.
* 1999 – ANA Flight 61 is hijacked in Tokyo, Japan by Yuji Nishizawa.
* 1999 – Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' launches on STS-93, with Eileen Collins becoming the first female space shuttle commander. The shuttle also carried and deployed the Chandra X-ray Observatory.
*2005 – Three bombs explode in the Naama Bay area of Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt, killing 88 people.
*2010 – English-Irish boy band One Direction is formed by judge Simon Cowell on The X Factor (British series 7), later going on to finish at third place. It would go on to become one of the biggest boy bands in the world, and would be very influential on pop music of the 2010s.
*2011 – A high-speed train rear-ends another on a viaduct on the Yongtaiwen railway line in Wenzhou, Zhejiang province, China, resulting in 40 deaths.
*2012 – The Solar storm of 2012 was an unusually large coronal mass ejection that was emitted by the Sun which barely missed the Earth by nine days. If it hit, it would have caused up to US$2.6 trillion in damages to electrical equipment worldwide.
* 2014 – TransAsia Airways Flight 222 crashes in Xixi village near Huxi, Penghu, during approach to Phengu Airport. Forty-eight of the 58 people on board are killed and five more people on the ground are injured.
*2015 – NASA announces discovery of Kepler-452b by ''Kepler''.
*2016 – Kabul twin bombing occurred in the vicinity of Deh Mazang when protesters, mostly from the Shiite Hazara minority, were marching against route changing of the TUTAP power project. At least 80 people were killed and 260 were injured.
* 2018 – A wildfire in East Attica, Greece caused the death of 102 people. It was the deadliest wildfire in history of Greece and the second-deadliest in the world, in the 21st century, after the 2009 bushfires in Australia that killed 180.

Births

Pre-1600

*1301 – Otto, Duke of Austria (d. 1339)
* 1339 – Louis I, Duke of Anjou (d. 1384)
* 1370 – Pier Paolo Vergerio the Elder, humanist (d. 1444 or 1445)
*1401 – Francesco I Sforza, Italian husband of Bianca Maria Visconti (d. 1466)
* 1441 – Danjong of Joseon, King of Joseon (d. 1457)
*1503 – Anne of Bohemia and Hungary (d. 1547)

1601–1900

* 1614 – Bonaventura Peeters the Elder, Flemish painter (d. 1652)
* 1635 – Adam Dollard des Ormeaux, New France garrison commander (d. 1660)
* 1649 – Pope Clement XI (d. 1721)
* 1705 – Francis Blomefield, English historian and author (d. 1752)
* 1713 – Luís António Verney, Portuguese philosopher and pedagogue (d. 1792)
* 1773 – Thomas Brisbane, Scottish general and politician, 6th Governor of New South Wales (d. 1860)
*1775 – Étienne-Louis Malus, French physicist and mathematician (d. 1812)
*1777 – Philipp Otto Runge, German painter and illustrator (d. 1810)
*1796 – Franz Berwald, Swedish surgeon and composer (d. 1868)
* 1802 – Manuel María Lombardini, Mexican general and president (d. 1853)
* 1823 – Alexandre-Antonin Taché, Canadian archbishop and missionary (d. 1894)
* 1838 – Édouard Colonne, French violinist and conductor (d. 1910)
* 1851 – Peder Severin Krøyer, Norwegian-Danish painter (d. 1909)
* 1856 – Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Indian lawyer and journalist (d. 1920)
*1864 – Apolinario Mabini, Filipino lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of the Philippines (d. 1903)
* 1865 – Henry Norris, English businessman and politician (d. 1934)
*1866 – Francesco Cilea, Italian composer and academic (d. 1950)
* 1878 – James Thomas Milton Anderson, Canadian lawyer and politician, 5th Premier of Saskatchewan (d. 1946)
* 1882 – Kâzım Karabekir, Turkish general and politician, 5th Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (b. 1948)
*1883 – Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke, French-English field marshal and politician, Lord Lieutenant of the County of London (d. 1963)
* 1884 – Emil Jannings, Swiss-German actor (d. 1950)
* 1885 – Izaak Killam, Canadian financier and philanthropist (d. 1955)
* 1885 – Georges V. Matchabelli, Georgian-American businessman, created Prince Matchabelli perfume (d. 1935)
* 1886 – Salvador de Madariaga, Spanish historian and diplomat (d. 1978)
* 1886 – Walter H. Schottky, Swiss-German physicist and engineer (d. 1976)
* 1888 – Raymond Chandler, American crime novelist and screenwriter (d. 1959)
* 1891 – Louis T. Wright, American surgeon and civil rights activist (d. 1952)
*1892 – Haile Selassie, Ethiopian emperor (d. 1975)
* 1894 – Arthur Treacher, English-American actor and television personality (d. 1975)
* 1895 – Aileen Pringle, American actress (d. 1989)
* 1898 – Daniel Cosío Villegas, Mexican historian, economist (d. 1976)
* 1898 – Bengt Djurberg, Swedish actor and singer (d. 1941)
* 1898 – Red Dutton, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1987)
* 1898 – Herman Kruusenberg, Estonian wrestler (d. 1970)
* 1898 – Jacob Marschak, Ukrainian-American economist, journalist, and author (d. 1977)
* 1899 – Gustav Heinemann, German lawyer and politician, 3rd President of West Germany (d. 1976)
*1900 – Julia Davis Adams, American author and journalist (d. 1993)
* 1900 – John Babcock, Canadian-American sergeant (d. 2010)
* 1900 – Inger Margrethe Boberg, Danish folklore researcher and writer (d. 1957)

1901–present

* 1901 – Hank Worden, American actor and singer (d. 1992)
* 1901 – Isabel Luberza Oppenheimer, Puerto Rican brothel owner and madam in barrio Maragüez, Ponce, Puerto Rico (d. 1974)
* 1905 – Leopold Engleitner, Austrian author and educator (d. 2013)
* 1906 – Vladimir Prelog, Croatian-Swiss chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
* 1906 – Chandra Shekhar Azad, Indian activist (d. 1931)
* 1912 – M. H. Abrams, American author, critic, and academic (d. 2015)
* 1912 – Michael Wilding, English actor (d. 1979)
* 1913 – Michael Foot, English journalist and politician, Secretary of State for Employment (d. 2010)
*1914 – Nassos Daphnis, Greek-American painter (d.2010)
* 1914 – Virgil Finlay, American illustrator (d. 1971)
* 1914 – Elly Annie Schneider, German-American actress (d. 2004)
* 1916 – Laurel Martyn

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