Julius Kollmann (24 February 1834, Holzheim am Forst – 24 June 1918,

Basel , french: link=no, Bâlois(e), it, Basilese , neighboring_municipalities= Allschwil (BL), Hégenheim (FR-68), Binningen (BL), Birsfelden (BL), Bottmingen (BL), Huningue (FR-68), Münchenstein (BL), Muttenz (BL), Reinach (BL), Riehen (BS ...

) was a German

anatomist Anatomy () is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its ...

zoologist Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the Animal, animal kingdom, including the anatomy, structure, embryology, evolution, Biological clas ...

and

anthropologist An anthropologist is a person engaged in the practice of anthropology. Anthropology is the study of aspects of humans within past and present societies. Social anthropology, cultural anthropology and philosophical anthropology study the norms and ...

. He studied at the universities of

Munich Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the States of Germany, German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the List of cities in Germany by popu ...

and

Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitue ...

, then furthered his education in

London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...

and

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

. In 1859 he received his doctorate, qualifying as lecturer at Munich in 1862. Beginning in 1878, he served as a full professor of anatomy at the

University of Basel The University of Basel (Latin: ''Universitas Basiliensis'', German: ''Universität Basel'') is a university in Basel, Switzerland. Founded on 4 April 1460, it is Switzerland's oldest university and among the world's oldest surviving universit ...

. In 1888 he was chosen as university

rector Rector (Latin for the member of a vessel's crew who steers) may refer to: Style or title *Rector (ecclesiastical), a cleric who functions as an administrative leader in some Christian denominations *Rector (academia), a senior official in an edu ...

.Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz
biography Known for his work in the fields of descriptive anatomy and

histology Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy or microanatomy, is the branch of biology which studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues. Histology is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy, which looks at larger structures vis ...

, he eventually became associated with studies involving

evolutionary theory Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the expressions of genes, which are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction. Variation ...

, developmental history and anthropology. In 1884 Kollmann introduced the term "

neoteny Neoteny (), also called juvenilization,Montagu, A. (1989). Growing Young. Bergin & Garvey: CT. is the delaying or slowing of the physiological, or somatic, development of an organism, typically an animal. Neoteny is found in modern humans compared ...

" to define the transformation process where animals such as

newt A newt is a salamander in the subfamily Pleurodelinae. The terrestrial juvenile phase is called an eft. Unlike other members of the family Salamandridae, newts are semiaquatic, alternating between aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Not all aqua ...

s mature sexually while still in the larval form. As an anthropologist, he conducted analyses of prehistoric skulls found at

Auvernier Auvernier is a village in the district of Boudry in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland. The municipalities of Auvernier, Bôle and Colombier merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Milvignes.Schweizersbild.

Selected works

* "Ueber den Verlauf des Lungenmagennerven in der Bauchhöhle", in: ''Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie'', vol. 10, Leipzig 1860, pp. 13��448. * ''Die Entwicklung der Adergeflechte. Ein Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Gehirnes'', Leipzig 1861. * ''Atlas der allgemeinen thierischen Gewebelehre'', 1861 (with Theodor von Hessling and Joseph Albert) – Atlas of general animal histology. * ''Mechanik des menschlichen Körpers'', München 1874 – Mechanics of the human body. * ''Plastische Anatomie des menschlichen Körpers. Ein Handbuch für Künstler und Kunstfreunde'', 1886 – Plastic anatomy and the human body. * ''Schädel aus alten Gräbern bei Genf (Corsier, Vernier, La Cluse, Petit Sacconez): Zwei Schädel aus Pfahlbauten und die Bedeutung desjenigen von Auvernier für die Rassenanatomie'', 1886 – Skulls from ancient burial sites near

Geneva Geneva ( ; french: Genève ) frp, Genèva ; german: link=no, Genf ; it, Ginevra ; rm, Genevra is the List of cities in Switzerland, second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaki ...

. * ''Lehrbuch der Entwickelungsgeschichte des Menschen'', 1898 - Textbook on the developmental history of humans. * ''Der Mensch vom Schweizersbild'', 1901 – The human remains from Schweizersbild. * ''Pygmaeen in Europa und Amerika'', 1902 – Pygmies in Europe and America. * ''Handatlas der Entwicklungsgeschichte des Menschen'', 1907 – Hand-atlas on the developmental history of humans.Google Search
(published works)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kollmann, Julius 1834 births 1918 deaths People from Regensburg (district) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni Humboldt University of Berlin alumni University of Basel faculty German anthropologists German anatomists German histologists 19th-century German zoologists