Julius Hirschberg (18 September 1843 – 17 February 1925) was a German

ophthalmologist Ophthalmology ( ) is a surgery, surgical subspecialty within medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders. An ophthalmologist is a physician who undergoes subspecialty training in medical and surgical eye care. Followin ...

and medical

historian A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the stu ...

. He was of

Jewish Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...

ancestry. In 1875, Hirschberg coined the term "campimetry" for the measurement of the

visual field The visual field is the "spatial array of visual sensations available to observation in introspectionist psychological experiments". Or simply, visual field can be defined as the entire area that can be seen when an eye is fixed straight at a point ...

on a flat surface (tangent screen test) and in 1879 he became the first to use an

electromagnet An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by an electric current. Electromagnets usually consist of wire wound into a coil. A current through the wire creates a magnetic field which is concentrated in the ...

to remove metallic

foreign bodies A foreign body (FB) is any object originating outside the body of an organism. In machinery, it can mean any unwanted intruding object. Most references to foreign bodies involve propulsion through natural orifices into hollow organs. Foreign bo ...

from the

eye Eyes are organs of the visual system. They provide living organisms with vision, the ability to receive and process visual detail, as well as enabling several photo response functions that are independent of vision. Eyes detect light and conv ...

.Manage Account - Modern Medicine
at www.ophthalmologytimes.com In 1886, he developed the

Hirschberg test In the fields of optometry and ophthalmology, the Hirschberg test, also Hirschberg corneal reflex test, is a screening test that can be used to assess whether a person has strabismus (ocular misalignment). A photographic version of the Hirschbe ...

for measuring

strabismus Strabismus is a vision disorder in which the eyes do not properly align with each other when looking at an object. The eye that is focused on an object can alternate. The condition may be present occasionally or constantly. If present during a ...

. His series ''Geschichte der Augenheilkunde'' (''History of Ophthalmology''), nine volumes written from 1899 to 1917, is considered by some to be one of his greatest achievements.(Julius Hirschberg (1843-1925), ophthalmologist an...(Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 1976) - PubMed Result
at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Selected publications

* ** Vol. 1. ''Geschichte der Augenheilkunde im Alterthum'' ** Vol. 2. ''Geschichte der Augenheilkunde im Mittelalter'' ** Vol. 3. ''Die vernehmlichsten Augenärzte und Pfleger der Augenheilkunde im 18. Jahrhundert und ihre Schriften'' ** Vol. 4. ''Deutschland's Augenärzte, von 1800 bis 1850'' ** Vol. 5. ''Frankreichs Augenärzte, von 1800 bis 1850'' ** Vol. 6. ''Englands Augenärzte, von 1800 bis 1850'' ** Vol. 7. ''Italiens Augenärzte, von 1800 bis 1850'' ** Vol. 8, Part A. ''Die Augenärzte der Schweiz, von 1800 bis 1850''; ''Die Augenärzte Belgiens, von 1800 bis 1850''; ''Niederländische Augenärzte, von 1800 bis 1850''; ''Die Skandinavischen Augenärzte, von 1800 bis 1850''; ''Die Augenärzte Rußlands, von 1800 bis 1850''; ''Polnische Augenärzte, im 19. Jahrhundert''; ''Die Augenärzte in der Iberischen und der Balkan-Halbinsel, sowie in den Außereuropäischen Ländern während des Neunzehnten Jahrhunderts'' ** Vol. 8, Part B. ''Amerikas Augenärzte im 19. Jahrhundert''

Notes

External links

Pubmed

*Snyder C. "Julius Hirschberg, the neglected historian of ophthalmology." ''Am J Ophthalmol.'' 1981 May;91(5):664-76. . *Biro I. " n memory of Julius Hirschberg. ''Orv Hetil.'' 1976 Aug 8;117(32):1953-4. . *Koelbing HM. " ulius Hirschberg (1843-1925), ophthalmologist and medical historian (author's transl). ''Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd.'' 1976 Jan;168(1):103-8. . 1843 births 1925 deaths 19th-century German Jews German ophthalmologists Jewish scientists {{Germany-med-bio-stub