Julida is an

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of d ...

millipede Millipedes are a group of arthropods that are characterised by having two pairs of jointed legs on most body segments; they are known scientifically as the class Diplopoda, the name derived from this feature. Each double-legged segment is a resu ...

s. Members are mostly small and cylindrical, typically ranging from in length. Eyes may be present or absent, and in mature males of many species, the first pair of legs is modified into hook-like structures. Additionally, both pairs of legs on the 7th body segment of males are modified into

gonopods Gonopods are specialized appendages of various arthropods used in reproduction or egg-laying. In males, they facilitate the transfer of sperm from male to female during mating, and thus are a type of intromittent organ. In crustaceans and milli ...

Distribution

Julida contains predominantly

temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout t ...

species ranging from

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

Panama Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental country spanning the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America. It is bordered by Cos ...

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...

north of the

Himalayas The Himalayas, or Himalaya (; ; ), is a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The range has some of the planet's highest peaks, including the very highest, Mount Everest. Over 100 ...

, Asir region, Saudi Arabia, and

Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, south-eastern region of Asia, consistin ...

Classification

The order Julida contains approximately 750 species, divided into the following superfamilies and families: ;Blaniuloidea C. L. Koch, 1847 *

Blaniulidae Blaniulidae is a family of millipedes in the order Julida Julida is an order (biology), order of millipedes. Members are mostly small and cylindrical, typically ranging from in length. Eyes may be present or absent, and in mature males of ma ...

C. L. Koch, 1847 * Galliobatidae Brolemann, 1921 * Okeanobatidae Verhoeff, 1942 *

Zosteractinidae Zosteractinidae is a family of millipedes belonging to the order Julida Julida is an order (biology), order of millipedes. Members are mostly small and cylindrical, typically ranging from in length. Eyes may be present or absent, and in mature ...

Loomis, 1943 ;Juloidea Leach, 1814 *

Julidae Julidae is a family of millipedes in the order Julida, containing more than 600 species in around 20 genera. Its members are largely confined to the Western Palaearctic, with only a few species extending into the Oriental and Afrotropical realms ...

Leach, 1814 *

Rhopaloiulidae Rhopaloiulidae is a family of millipedes belonging to the order Julida Julida is an order (biology), order of millipedes. Members are mostly small and cylindrical, typically ranging from in length. Eyes may be present or absent, and in mature ...

Attems, 1926 *

Trichoblaniulidae Trichoblaniulidae is a family of millipedes belonging to the order Julida Julida is an order (biology), order of millipedes. Members are mostly small and cylindrical, typically ranging from in length. Eyes may be present or absent, and in matu ...

Verhoeff, 1911 *

Trichonemasomatidae Trichonemasomatidae is a family of millipedes belonging to the order Julida Julida is an order (biology), order of millipedes. Members are mostly small and cylindrical, typically ranging from in length. Eyes may be present or absent, and in ma ...

Enghoff, 1991 ;Nemasomatoidea Bollman, 1893 *

Chelojulidae Chelojulidae is a family of millipedes belonging to the order Julida Julida is an order (biology), order of millipedes. Members are mostly small and cylindrical, typically ranging from in length. Eyes may be present or absent, and in mature ma ...

Enghoff, 1991 *

Nemasomatidae Nemasomatidae is a family of millipedes in the order Julida Julida is an order (biology), order of millipedes. Members are mostly small and cylindrical, typically ranging from in length. Eyes may be present or absent, and in mature males of m ...

Bollman, 1893 *

Pseudonemasomatidae Pseudonemasomatidae is a family of millipedes belonging to the order Julida Julida is an order (biology), order of millipedes. Members are mostly small and cylindrical, typically ranging from in length. Eyes may be present or absent, and in ma ...

Enghoff, 1991 *

Telsonemasomatidae Telsonemasomatidae is a family of millipedes belonging to the order Julida Julida is an order (biology), order of millipedes. Members are mostly small and cylindrical, typically ranging from in length. Eyes may be present or absent, and in mat ...

Enghoff, 1991 ;Paeromopodoidea Cook, 1895 *

Aprosphylosomatidae ''Aprosphylosoma darceneae'' is a species of cylindrical julidan millipede found only in the U.S. state of Oregon and comprising the sole species of the family Aprosphylosomatidae. It is known from only a single known specimen collected from O ...

Hoffman, 1961 *

Paeromopodidae Paeromopodidae is a family of large cylindrical millipedes of the order Julida native to the western United States of America. The family contains two genera and ten species and includes the longest millipedes in North America, with individuals r ...

Cook, 1895 ;Parajuloidea Bollman, 1893 *

Mongoliulidae Mongoliulidae is a family of millipedes belonging to the order Julida Julida is an order (biology), order of millipedes. Members are mostly small and cylindrical, typically ranging from in length. Eyes may be present or absent, and in mature m ...

Pocock, 1903 *

Parajulidae Parajulidae is a family of millipedes in the order Julida, occurring predominantly in North America but also in Central America and East Asia. Parajulids are found from Alaska to as far south as Guatemala. Male Parajulids have a greatly enlarged ...

Bollman, 1893

References

Ilic, B. (2019). Multifaceted activity of millipede secretions:. nlineWeb of Science. Available at: http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=1&SID=6AJXsNVdjIGRrwQybhF&page=1&doc=4 ccessed 18 Oct. 2019

External links

* * * Millipede orders {{Myriapoda-stub