Juliano Moreira (6 January 1872 – 2 May 1933) was a Brazilian psychiatrist, often considered the pioneer of psychoanalysis in Brazil. Moreira was the first Brazilian university professor to cite and use the

psychoanalytic theory Psychoanalytic theory is the theory of personality organization and the dynamics of personality development that guides psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology. First laid out by Sigmund Freud in the late 19th century, psyc ...

in the teaching of medicine.

Life and career

Juliano Moreira was born on January 6, 1872, in

Salvador Salvador, meaning "salvation" (or "saviour") in Catalan, Spanish, and Portuguese may refer to: * Salvador (name) Arts, entertainment, and media Music *Salvador (band), a Christian band that plays both English and Spanish music ** ''Salvador'' ( ...

, capital of the then province of Bahia. He studied at the Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia (Faculty of Medicine of Bahia), today the

Federal University of Bahia The Federal University of Bahia ( pt, Universidade Federal da Bahia, UFBA) is a public university located mainly in the city of Salvador. It is the largest university in the state of Bahia and one of Brazil's most prestigious educational institu ...

(UFBA), graduating in 1891 with the thesis ''Sífilis maligna precoce (Early malignant syphilis).'' In 1896 he became a professor of psychiatry at his alma mater. From 1895 to 1902, he attended mental illness courses and internships and visited many asylums in Germany, England, France, Italy, and Scotland. In addition to study trips, he was often required to seek out specialists and clinics to treat his own tuberculosis. When the disease got worse, he took a new license and traveled to Europe for better treatment and later went to a sanatorium in Cairo, where he met Augusta Peick, a German nurse from Hamburg. The two married in the early 1910s and came together to Brazil. From 1903 to 1930, Moreira was the director of the Hospício Nacional de Alienados (''National Asylum for the Insane''), currently Hospício Pedro II, in Rio de Janeiro. During his tenure, he humanized the patients' treatment and ended their imprisonment. Moreira spoke against the pseudoscientific racist beliefs espoused at the time, such as that racial miscegenation caused mental illnesses; he defended that they were due to physical and situational factors such as poor hygiene and lack of access to education. Moreira was the first researcher to identify mucosal

cutaneous leishmaniasis Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form of leishmaniasis affecting humans. It is a skin infection caused by a single-celled parasite that is transmitted by the bite of a phlebotomine sand fly. There are about thirty species of ''Leishm ...

and sought to prove that the racial issue did not motivate the disease. Despite opposing racism, Moreira was a member of eugenist organizations and defended practices such as the sterilization of criminals and alcoholics. Moreira joined the

Brazilian Academy of Sciences The Brazilian Academy of Sciences ( pt, italic=yes, Academia Brasileira de Ciências or ''ABC'') is the national academy of Brazil. It is headquartered in the city of Rio de Janeiro and was founded on May 3, 1916. Publications It publishes a lar ...

in 1917 and was its president from 1926 to 1929.

Death

Moreira died in 1933 in

Petrópolis Petrópolis (; ), also known as The Imperial City, is a Municipalities of Brazil, municipality in the Southeast Region, Brazil, Southeast Region of Brazil. It is located in the state of Rio de Janeiro (state), Rio de Janeiro, northeast of the ci ...

, in a sanatory to treat his tuberculosis. Colônia Juliano Moreira,Brazil, T.K. (org.), Santana-Junior, E. F., Casais-e-Silva, L. L. ''Projeto Herois da Saúde na Bahia''
Juliano Moreira 1872- 1933
/ref> a psychiatric colony near Rio de Janeiro was named after him.

Tribute

On January 6, 2021,

Google Google LLC () is an American multinational technology company focusing on search engine technology, online advertising, cloud computing, computer software, quantum computing, e-commerce, artificial intelligence, and consumer electronics. ...

celebrated his 149th birthday with a

Google Doodle A Google Doodle is a special, temporary alteration of the logo on Google's homepages intended to commemorate holidays, events, achievements, and notable historical figures. The first Google Doodle honored the 1998 edition of the long-running an ...

References

External links

Profile at Academia Brasileira de Ciências' page

Memorial Professor Juliano Moreira
{{DEFAULTSORT:Moreira, Juliano 1933 deaths 1872 births Brazilian psychiatrists Afro-Brazilian people People from Salvador, Bahia 20th-century deaths from tuberculosis Tuberculosis deaths in Rio de Janeiro (state)