The Juliana Republic (
Portuguese
Portuguese may refer to:
* anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal
** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods
** Portuguese language, a Romance language
*** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language
** Portu ...
: ''República Juliana'') or Catarinense Republic (''República Catarinense''), officially the Free and Independent Catharinense Republic (''República Catharinense Livre e Independente''), was a
revolutionary state that existed between 29 July and 15 November 1839, in the
province
A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''Roman province, provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire ...
of
Santa Catarina of the
Empire of Brazil
The Empire of Brazil was a 19th-century state that broadly comprised the territories which form modern Brazil and (until 1828) Uruguay. Its government was a representative parliamentary constitutional monarchy under the rule of Emperors Dom Pe ...
. The Republic was proclaimed in an extension of the
Ragamuffin War
The Ragamuffin War (Portuguese: ''Guerra dos Farrapos'' or ''Revolução Farroupilha'') was a Republican uprising that began in southern Brazil, in the province (current state) of Rio Grande do Sul in 1835. The rebels were led by generals Bento ...
started in the neighboring province of
Rio Grande do Sul
Rio Grande do Sul (, , ; "Great River of the South") is a Federative units of Brazil, state in the South Region, Brazil, southern region of Brazil. It is the Federative_units_of_Brazil#List, fifth-most-populous state and the List of Brazilian st ...
, where the
Riograndense Republic
The Riograndense Republic, often called the Piratini Republic ( pt, República Rio-Grandense or ), was a ''de facto'' state that seceded from the Empire of Brazil and roughly coincided with the present state of Rio Grande do Sul. It was procl ...
had already been created.
Forces of the revolutionary Riograndense Republic, led by General
David Canabarro
David José Martins, known as David Canabarro (born 22 August 1796, Taquari - died 1867, Santana do Livramento) was a Brazilian general.
Biography
Canabarro was born to José Martins Coelho (from Porto Alegre) and Mariana de Jesus Ignacia (fr ...
and
Italian
Italian(s) may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries
** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom
** Italian language, a Romance language
*** Regional Ita ...
revolutionary
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Giuseppe Maria Garibaldi ( , ;In his native Ligurian language, he is known as ''Gioxeppe Gaibado''. In his particular Niçard dialect of Ligurian, he was known as ''Jousé'' or ''Josep''. 4 July 1807 – 2 June 1882) was an Italian general, patr ...
, with help from the local population, conquered the harbor city of
Laguna on 22 July 1839, in a battle known as the "Capture of Laguna" (''Tomada de Laguna''). The Catarinense Republic was then proclaimed on 29 July, at the city's
municipal chamber
A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate.
The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...
. Canabarro assumed temporarily the office of president until an
electoral college was assembled and elections were held on 7 August. For president and vice president were elected, respectively, Joaquim Xavier Neves, a Lieutenant-colonel of the
National Guard
National Guard is the name used by a wide variety of current and historical uniformed organizations in different countries. The original National Guard was formed during the French Revolution around a cadre of defectors from the French Guards.
Nat ...
of
São José, and his uncle, the priest Vicente Ferreira dos Santos Cordeiro, who assumed the presidential office due to a blockade by the
Imperial Army that prevented Joaquim Xavier Neves from reaching Laguna.
The rebels could not conquer the provincial capital of
Nossa Senhora do Desterro (present-day Florianópolis) because their naval forces were found and destroyed by the
Imperial Brazilian Navy
The Imperial Brazilian Navy (Portuguese: ''Armada Nacional'', commonly known as ''Armada Imperial'') was the navy created at the time of the independence of the Empire of Brazil from the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. It exis ...
at Massiambu River (on the continent, south of
Santa Catarina Island
Santa Catarina Island ( pt, Ilha de Santa Catarina) is an island in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina, located off the southern coast.
It is home to the state capital, Florianópolis.
Location
Santa Catarina Island is approximately 54 km ...
) while the rebels were preparing to attack Nossa Senhora do Desterro. Largely due to this, the Juliana Republic lasted for only four months. In November, imperial forces took the Julian capital of Laguna.
References
States and territories established in 1839
1839 disestablishments in South America
Former countries in South America
History of Santa Catarina (state)
Santa Catarina (state)
Former unrecognized countries
Separatism in Brazil
1839 establishments in Brazil
States and territories disestablished in 1839
{{Brazil-hist-stub