''Juglans mandshurica'' (), also known as Manchurian walnut, or Tigernut, is a deciduous tree of the genus '' Juglans'' (section ''Cardiocaryon''), native to the

Eastern Asiatic Region The Eastern Asiatic Region (also known as Oriasiaticum, Sino-Japanese Region, East Asian Region, Temperate Eastern Region) is the richest floristic region within the Holarctic Kingdom and situated in temperate East Asia. It has been recognized as a ...

(

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

, Russian Far East, North Korea and South Korea). It grows to about 25 m. This species was first described by the Russian

botanist Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek wo ...

Carl Johann Maximowicz Carl Johann Maximovich (also Karl Ivanovich Maximovich, Russian: Карл Иванович Максимович; 23 November 1827 in Tula, Russia – 16 February 1891 in Saint Petersburg) was a Russian botanist. Maximovich spent most of his life ...

, in ''Bulletin de la Classe Physico-Mathématique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg'', which was published in 1856. The

leaves A leaf (plural, : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant plant stem, stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", wh ...

are alternate, 40–90 cm long, odd-pinnate, with 7–19 leaflets, 6–17 cm long and 2–7.5 cm broad (margin serrate or serrulate, apex acuminate). The male flowers are in drooping catkins 9–40 cm long, the wind-pollinated female flowers (April–May) are terminal, in spikes of 4 to 10, ripening in August–October into nuts, 3-7.5 × 3–5 cm, with densely glandular pubescent green husk and very thick shell. The tree is exceptionally hardy (down to at least -45 °C), has a relatively short vegetation period compared to other walnuts, grows rapidly and is cultivated as an

ornamental Ornamental may refer to: *Ornamental grass, a type of grass grown as a decoration *Ornamental iron, mild steel that has been formed into decorative shapes, similar to wrought iron work *Ornamental plant, a plant that is grown for its ornamental qua ...

in colder temperate regions all over the Northern Hemisphere. (For example, it has been found to grow satisfactorily in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.) The kernels of the nuts are edible, but small and difficult to extract. The timber is in use, but less valuable than that of

English walnut ''Juglans regia'', the Persian walnut, English walnut, Carpathian walnut, Madeira walnut, or especially in Great Britain, common walnut, is an Old World walnut tree species native to the region stretching from the Balkans eastward to the Himalay ...

black walnut ''Juglans nigra'', the eastern American black walnut, is a species of deciduous tree in the walnut family, Juglandaceae, native to North America. It grows mostly in riparian zones, from southern Ontario, west to southeast South Dakota, south t ...

. The Manchurian walnut contains and exudes much lesser quantities of allelopathic compounds (such as juglone) than other popular ''Juglans'' speciesПомогайбин А.В., Кавеленова Л.М., Силаева О.Н. (2002)
Некоторые особенности химического состава и биологической активности листового отпада видов рода орех (''Juglans'' L.) при интродукции в Среднем Поволжье
. ''Химия растительного сырья'' 4, 43-47. and usually causes few significant

allelopathic Allelopathy is a biological phenomenon by which an organism produces one or more biochemicals that influence the germination, growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms. These biochemicals are known as allelochemicals and can have ben ...

effects in cultivation. ''Juglans cathayensis'', characterized by tomentose leaflets, producing more flowers per spike and growing south of the Yellow River, was sometimes recognized as a species separate from ''J. mandshurica''. The

Japanese walnut ''Juglans ailantifolia'' (synonyms ''J. cordiformis'' and ''J. sieboldiana'' and '' J. mandshurica'' var. ''sachalinensis''), the Japanese walnut ( ja, 鬼胡桃 ''oni-gurumi''), is a species of walnut native to Japan and Sakhalin. It is a deci ...

(オニグルミ) is listed by some authorities as ''Juglans mandshurica'' var. ''sachalinensis'' (syn. ''

Juglans ailantifolia ''Juglans ailantifolia'' (synonyms ''J. cordiformis'' and ''J. sieboldiana'' and '' J. mandshurica'' var. ''sachalinensis''), the Japanese walnut ( ja, 鬼胡桃 ''oni-gurumi''), is a species of walnut native to Japan and Sakhalin. It is a deci ...

'').

References

External links

Juglans mandshurica
@ Flora of China {{Taxonbar, from=Q311361 mandshurica Flora of China Trees of Korea Flora of Russia Trees of Russia Trees of continental subarctic climate Fruit trees Taxa named by Karl Maximovich